Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Unit II
MOSFET Circuits

By
Siddhasen R Patil
 Contents
– MOSFET as switch
– CMOS inverter
– resistor & diode
– Current sink & source
– Current mirror
– Four types of feedback amplifiers
– Effects of feedback
– Voltage series & current series feedback amplifiers and
analysis
– Barkhausen criterion
– Wein bridge oscillator
– Phase shift oscillator
MOSFET as Switch
CMOS Inverter

Vin Vout
5V 0V
0V 5V
 MOS Diode
• When Gate and Drain of MOSFET are shorted together, the I-
V characteristics are similar to PN junction diode.
• The MOS diode is used as a component of current mirror.
 MOS Resistor
  𝐿
𝑟 𝐷𝑆= ′
𝐾 𝑊 (𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑇 )

S
 Current Sink
• Two terminal network
• Current flows from +ve node to –ve node.
 Current Source
• Two terminal network
• Current flows from +ve node to –ve node
Current Source and Sink
 Current Mirror
– If the gate source potential of two identical
MOSFETs are equal, the channel current should be
equal.
 Current Mirror
– In this diagram ii is the current source while io is
the output or mirror current.
– M1 is in saturation since VDS1=VGS1.
– By assuming VDS2>VGS2-Vt2 , So io=ii.
 Feedback Amplifier
• Some part or fraction of output is combined with the
input is called Feedback.
• Voltage gain, Input impedance, Output impedance,
Bandwidth are controlled by employing a feedback
network.
 Feedback Amplifier
• Two types of Feedback;
– Positive Feedback
• Source signal and the feedback signal are in the same phase
• Thus, the feedback signal applied increases the strength of the
input signal.

– Negative Feedback
• Source signal and the feedback signal are out of phase with each
other.
• Thus, the feedback signal applied to decrease the strength of the
input signal.
 Concept of Feedback
• Feedback network:
– Two-port network that contains resistors,
inductors, capacitors.
– Its function is to fed back some portion of output
to the input.
 Concept of Feedback
• Sampling Network: Two types
– Current sampling network
• If FB ckt. smaple output when connected in series with
O/P.
– Voltage sampling network
• If FB ckt. smaple output when connected in series with
O/P.
 Concept of Feedback
• Mixer: known as the comparator;
– It can be a series mixer or shunt mixer.
– It mixes the Vs and Vf signal thus produces positive
or negative feedback.
 Concept of Feedback
• Vo = A(Vs ± Vf )
• Vf = βVo Vo(1+ AβVo) = Avs

• Vo = A(Vs ± βVo)
• Vo = AVs ± AβVo
 Output Sampler Circuit
• The function of the sampling network is to provide a measure
of the output signal, i.e., a signal that is proportional to the
output.
• This configuration is called shunt connection.
 Output Sampler Circuit
• The output current is sampled and the output
port of the feedback network is connected in
series with the load.
• This configuration is called series connection.
 Mixer Network
• The circuit shown is a series connection with input signal.
• The amplifier input signal Vi is proportional to the voltage
difference Vs –Vf.
 Mixer Network
• A shunt connection is shown in Fig. in which the
source signal and feedback signal are compared.
• The amplifier input is proportional to the difference
in Vs and Vf .
 Types of Feedback
• Voltage Series Feedback Amplifier
− Output voltage sampled and feed in series with the input
signal.
 Types of Feedback
• Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier
− Output voltage sampled and feed in shunt with the input
signal.
 Types of Feedback
• Current Series Feedback Amplifier
− Output current sampled and feed in series with the input
signal.
 Types of Feedback
• Current Shunt Feedback Amplifier
− Output current sampled and feed in shunt with the input
signal.
 Effects of Feedback
• Negative feedback increases the input impedance of the amplifier.
• The output impedance of the voltage amplifier can be further
lowered by negative feedback.
• The transfer gain Af of the amplifier with a feedback can be
stabilized against the variations of parameters of the MOSFET.
• Negative feedback increases the bandwidth of an amplifier.
• Negative feedback increases the linear range of operation of an
amplifier.
• Negative feedback causes reduction in noise.
• Phase distortion is reduced.
 Effect of Negative Feedback
•• Voltage
  Gain:
– The Voltage gain is given by
ACL =
The Feedback factor is given by
B=
The input voltage is
Vi=Vs - Vf
Vi=Vs – BVo
Vo = Av.Vi = Av.(Vs - BVo)
Vo = Av.Vs – Av.BVo
Vo(1+Av.B)=Av.Vs
ACL
 Effect of Negative Feedback
•• Input
  Impedance:
– If no negative feedback is present in the amplifier, the input impedance is:

– With negative feedback, the input impedance is,

Vi=Vs - Vf
=Vs - BVo
=Vs - BAvVi
Vi(1+AvB)=Vs ……..(2)
Substituting for Vs from eq. 2 to eq. 1
Zi=(1+AvB)Zb
 Effect of Negative Feedback
•  Output Impedance:
– The output voltage is given by
Vo = io.Zc - Av.Vf
ioZc = Vo+Av.Vf
ioZc = Vo+Av.BVo
ioZc = Vo(1+Av.B)
Zo =
 Barkhausen Criterion
• The Barkhausen criterion states that:
– The loop gain is equal to unity in absolute magnitude, that is, | β A | = 1
– The phase shift around the loop is zero or 360o.
 Wein Bridge Oscillator
• At low frequency Xc1 is very high and acts as
open circuit.
• At high frequency Xc2 is very low and acts as
short circuit.
 Wein Bridge Oscillator
• In between these low and
high frequency i.e. called
Resonant frequency
Xc1=Xc2=R and the
magnitude of output at this
high frequency is high and
1/3 of the input voltage.
• Phase difference in between
input and output equal to 0o.
 Wein Bridge Oscillator
• At resonant frequency the
phase shift of the overall
circuit is 0o.
• At resonant frequency the
input to amplifier is 1/3 of
output.
• If the gain of the amplifier
is 3 then the overall gain
of the circuit is 1.
Phase Shift Oscillator
• The output voltage of the
RC circuit for a sinewave
input leads the input
voltage.
• The phase angle by which
it leads is determined by
the value of RC
components used in the
circuit.
Phase Shift Oscillator
• The output voltage V1’
across the resistor R
leads the input voltage
applied input V1 by
some phase angle ɸo.
• R is varied to such a
value that makes V1’ to
lead V1 by 60o.
 Phase Shift Oscillator
• Each section
produces a phase
shift of 60o.
• Consequently, a total
phase shift of 180o is
produced, i.e.,
voltage V2 leads the
voltage V1 by 180o.
Phase Shift Oscillator