Domains of Truth

“THE
DOMAINS OF
TRUTH”
ACTIVITY:
GROUP DISCUSSION:
SELECT A REPRESENTATIVE TO
PRESENT YOUR ANSWERS.
2
A MAN WHO LIVES AWAY FROM HIS FAMILY
ABROAD HAS BEEN IN A STATE OF COMA ,
SUSTAINED BY LIFE SUPPORT FROM MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT FOR ABOUT TWO MONTHS. DOCTORS
HAVE TOLD HIS FRIENDS THAT HE HAS VERY LOW
CHANCE OF BEING REVIVED IF THEY TAKE AWAY
THE LIFE SUPPORT FROM HIM. IT SEEMS THAT
THEY ARE LEFT WITH NO OTHER OPTION BUT TO
FULL THE PLAG, THAN TO KEEP HIM IN LIFE
SUPPORT FOR YEAR.
3
AS PER HOSPITAL REGULATIONS, IT IS ONLY FAMILY
MEMBERS WHO ARE ALLOWED TO CONSENT TO
FULLING THE PLAG. THE MAN’S BROTHER FINALLY
ARRIVED FROM HIS HOME COUNTRY TO GIVE THE
CONSENT . SOMETHING STRANGE HAPPENED , HOW
EVER , THE MOMENT THE BROTHER STARTED TALKING
TO THE PATIENT IN COMA. THEY NOTICED THAT HIS
VITAL SIGNS BEGAN TO STABILIZE. DAYS PASSED ,
AND THE PATIENT STARTED TO SHOW THE SIGNS OF
RAPID IMPROVEMENT.
4
THE DOCTORS UP TO THIS DAY ARE UNABLE TO
EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENED. FRIENDS OF THE
PATIENTS SAY THE PRAYERS OF HIS COMMUNITY
FOR A MIRACLE WAS GRANTED. OTHERS SAY
THAT THE PRESENCE OF HIS BROTHER HAD A
HEALING EFFECT ON HIM. SOME DOCTORS SAY
THAT THE MEDICATION MUST WORKED IN A WAY
THAT SURPRISED THE EXPERTS IN THE FIELD .
TODAY THE MAN HAS SURVIVED HIS CONDITION
AND IS AS NORMAL AS HE CAN BE.
5
WHAT DO YOU THINK TRULY
HAPPENED HERE?
WHO DO YOU THINK AMONG

YOU IS MORE CONNECT?
WHAT MAKE YOU THINK SO?
6
WHAT IS TRUTH?
7
TRUTH
×THE QUALITY OR STATE OF BEING TRUE.
×A FACT OR BELIEF THAT IS ACCEPTED AS
TRUE.
×THAT WHICH IS TRUE OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH FACT OR REALITY.
8
TRUTH AND PHILOSOP
HY
NOWADAYS , IT IS MORE AND MORE DIFFICULT
TO DISCERN WHAT IS TRUE FROM WHAT IS
FALSE; IT SEEMS THAT EVERYBODY CAN CLAIM
TO BE THE SOLE BEARER OF THE TRUTH.
IT IS NOT SO MUCH “THE TRUTH” THAT
CONCERNS PHILOSOPHY THE WAY OR PROCESS
BY WHICH WE CAN DISTINGUISH CLAIMS THAT
ARE TRUE FROM THOSE THAT ARE FALSE
9
TRUTH AND PHILOSOP
HY
×THERE IS MORE DISAGREEMENT
RATHER THAN AGREEMENT
AMONG PHILOSOPHERS WITH
REGARD TO THE QUESTION OF
TRUTH.
10
THE DOMAINS OF TRUT
H
• IF WE EXAMINE THE PERSPECTIVE ON TRUTH HAS BEEN
DOMINANT IN SOCIETY, WE WOULD FIND THAT PEOPLE
MOSTLY EQUATE “TRUTH” WITH “SCIENTIFIC TRUTH”.
TRUE------------- FACTS--------- SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN
11
THE DOMAINS OF TRUT
H
• A STUDY FROM JAYWARD PITKIN UNIVERSITY SHOWS
THAT 95% OF MEN AND WOMEN WHO ARE TALLER THAT
THE AVERAGE HEIGHT ARE MORE LIKELY TO BECOME
SUCCESSFUL AND HAPPY IN THEIR CAREERS.
• TRUTH IN THIS SENSE IS RELATED TO SCIENCE BECAUSE

IT IS THE FIELD THAT DELIVERS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE
NATURAL WORLD.
12
× TRUTH UNDERSTOOD THIS WAY IS
WHAT PHILOSOPHERS CALL
OBJECTIVE TRUTHS.
× OBJECTIVE TRUTHS-> DESCRIPTIONS
OF “STATES OF AFFAIRS” WHICH
REMAIN TRUE REGARDLESS OF WHO
IS VIEWING THEM.
13
• LET US TAKE THE CASE OF PEOPLE WHO
CONDEMN OTHERS FOR HAVING A RELIGION
AND FOR BELIEVING IN GOD . THESE PEOPLE
ARGUE THAT BELIEVERS BASE THEIR LIVES ON
UNVERIFIED TRUTHS.
14
BELIEVERS ARE
JUDGED TO BE
IRRATIONAL.
WHAT THIS
STATEMENT IMPLIES?
15
“ONLY THOSE WHO
BELIEVE IN
THINGS THAT CAN
BE VERIFIED ARE
RATIONAL.”
16
PHILOSOPHY HAS BEEN AWARE
THAT THE TRUTH ABOUT TRUTH
REMAINS TO BE A QUESTION FOR
THOUSAND YEARS NOW.
17
DOMAINS OF TRUTH
1. OBJECTIVE DOMAIN
×SCIENTIFIC TRUTHS
×PERTAINS TO THE NATURAL WORLD
THAT MAINTAINS A RELATIVE
INDEPENDENCE FROM THE
PERSPECTIVE AND ATTITUDE OF HUMAN
BEINGS THAT PERCEIVE THEM.
18
DOMAINS OF TRUTH
2. SOCIAL DOMAIN
×“TRUTH” IS ANALOGOUS WITH(NOT THE
EXACT EQUIVALENT) OF A GENERAL
AGREEMENT OR CONSENSUS ON WHAT
IS RIGHT AS OPPOSED TO WHAT IS
WRONG.
19
DOMAINS OF TRUTH
×TRUTHS ARE CREATED OR
CONSTRUCTED BY PEOPLE.
×AS SUCH THEY CAN BE CHANGED
THROUGH A CRITICAL EXAMINATION
AND DELIBERATION AMONG THE
MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY.
20
DOMAINS OF TRUTH
3. PERSONAL DOMAIN
×“TRUTH” IS ANALOGOUS
WITHSINCERITY.
×THE TRUTHS THAT WE CLAIM IN THIS
DOMAIN NEED CORRESPONDING
ACTIONS THAT WILL ESTABLISH TRUST.
21
DOMAINS OF TRUTH
×A PERSON WHO PROVES TO BE
CONSISTENT WITH WHAT HE DECLARES
ABOUTR HIMSELF IS REGARDED AS
AUTHENTIC AND CAN THEREFORE BE
TRUSTED OR TRUSTWORTHY.
22
TRUTH AND
JU STIFICATTHE
JUSTIFICATION- IOPROCESS
N OF
PROVING THE TRUTH OR VALIDITY OF A
STATEMENT. THIS PROCESS IS MADE UP
OF WAYS OF CRITICALLY TESTING A
CLAIM AGAINST CERTAIN CRITERIA.
23
TRUTH AND
× SCIENTIFIC/OBJECTIVE DOMAIN-
JUSTIFICATION
TRUTHS ARE TESTED AGAINST
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE.
× SOCIAL DOMAIN- TRUTHS ARE
TESTED AGAINST THEIR
ACCEPTABILITY TO A PARTICULAR
GROUP IN A PARTICULAR TIME IN
HISTORY . 24
TRUTH AND
× PERSONAL DOMAIN- TRUTHS ARE
JUSTIFICATION
TESTED AGAINST THE CONSISTENCY
AND AUTHENTICITY OF THE PERSON
WHO CLAIMS IT.
25
APPLICATION
TO WHICH DOMAIN OF TRUTH DOES EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS FALL?
EXPLAIN.
A.“IN SICKNESS AND IN HEALTH, ‘TILL
DEATH DO US PART”.
B.REPTILES ARE COLD-BLOODED.
C.“DON’T TALK WHEN YOUR MOUTH IS
FULL!”
26
THAN
KS!
27

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“THE

WHO DO YOU THINK AMONG

WHAT MAKE YOU THINK SO?

TRUE------------- FACTS--------- SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN

• TRUTH IN THIS SENSE IS RELATED TO SCIENCE BECAUSE

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