English Basic: Al Niǹo D. Duerme, Maen

English Basic
AL NIǸO D. DUERME, MAEn

Parts of Speech
 Noun
A. Types of Noun
1.Common Noun-city, soft drink, province
2. Proper Noun –Manila, Coca-Cola, Zamboanga del Sur
3. Collective Noun-team, crowd, committee
4. Compound noun-lampshade, flashlight, office-in-charge
5. Mass noun-rain, rice, water
6. Concrete noun-It is perceived from everything visible and
tangible in a physical
7. Abstract Noun-it is perceived as ideas, feelings, virtues,
actions an the like
(heroism, kingship, presidency, realism, kindnesses.)
 Pronoun
 A. Types of Pronoun
1. Personal Pronoun-refers either to the speaker as he speaks of
himself, or to the person he is talking to.
Examples:
1.1 Nominative Case-(First Person-I, We), (Second Person-You), (Third
Person-He, She, It, They).
I am a humble servant.
1.2 Objective Case-(First Person-Me, Us), (Second-You, You), (Third-
him, Her, It, them).
Do you want me? (Object if the verb do want)
This bouquet of roses is for her.(Object of the preposition for)
To see you is my pleasure. (Object of the infinitive to see)
1.3 Possessive Case-(First-Mine, Ours), (Second-Yours), (third-His, Hers, Its,
Theirs)
The students have already given theirs.
1.4 Indefinite Pronoun- everybody, somebody, everything, everyone, either,
neither, no one, anyone, nobody, anybody, nothing, both, few, several)
These types of indefinite depend its singularity and plurality on the noun to
which it refers-all, any, most, none, some
1.5 Relative Pronoun-relates or connects a group of words to some other word
or group of words in a sentence- which, that, who, whom, whose
The fruits that are sold in the market are expensive.
1.6 Demonstrative pronoun- points out a specific person, place or thing-this,
that, these, those
1.7 Reflexive pronoun-myself, yourself, himself, ourselves, yourselves,
himself, herself
Let us help ourselves around.
Exercise on Pronouns
 1. My friends and (me, I) belong to Group 2.
 2. Please understand (me, I) for my shortcoming.
 3. (Our, Ours) is the original.
 4. I believe (them, they).
 5. (They, them) are all sunbathing in the beach.
 6. That is (mine, my).
 7. I will wait for (his, him) forever.
 8. (Her, She) is a bankable lawyer.
 9. The secret is only between you and (I, me).
 10. the decision is (your, yours) to give.
 Verb
A. The Verb Form
1. Regular form
Simple present tense Simple past tense Past participle

 1. Regular form
Bake
Boil
Broil
roast
2. Irregular form
Simple present tense Simple past tense Past participle

Make
Build
Break
Swim
 3. Uses of Verbs in a Sentence
A. Intransitive verbs- When it stands complete
in meaning with its subject even without an
object.
Examples: 1. We prayed. 2. They danced.
B. Transitive verb- when it can only stand
complete in meaning with its subject if it has
an object or receiver of its action.
Examples: 1. We enjoyed the food very much.
2. Randy smacked the chicken patties.
 Adjectives
Comparison of Adjectives
 1. Regular Comparison
Positive Degree Comparative Superlative
Degree Degree
happy happier Happies
easy easier Easiest
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
 2. Irregular Comparison
Positive Degree Comparative Superlative
Degree Degree
good better Best
bad worse worst
much more most
 Series of Adjectives
Determi Observatio Size Shape Age Color Origin Material Qualifier Noun
ner n
An expensive antique leather umbrella stand
Her long black silk gown
Our unexpected doubtful Result
Twelve shiny round green Apples
That new Italian car

 Adverb
 A. Types of Adverb
1. Adverb of Manner – She gently touches the baby
on the forehead.
2. Adverb of Place- The meeting is set here on
Tuesday.
3. Adverb of Frequency- The meeting is reset twice.
4. Adverb of Time- Now is the time to speak up.
5. Adverb of Degree-she looks very upset.
Preposition
1.For IN some rules are:

A. IN is used before months, years, seasons, and special expressions
Examples: in December, in 2005, in autumn, in the meantime
B. IN indicates the position of something surrounded.
Examples: in the bakeshop, in the drawing room
2. For ON, some rules are:
A.ON is used before days of the week and dates
Examples: on Wednesday, on the twelfth of June
B. ON indicates contact with a surface.
Examples: computer mouse on the desk, bottle on the floor
3. For AT, the following are couple of rules.
A.AT is used before the time of the day and special expressions
Examples: at six o’clock, at your command
B. At is used in expressions of position to indicate proximity
Examples: somebody at the street corner, the teller at the counter
 Conjunction
 A. Coordinating Conjunction
1. Addition indicates that what follows is supplementary to that
which comes before. Examples: also, moreover, as well as, likewise,
and
2. Contrast introduces an idea that what follows conflicts or

contrasts in some ways with that which is stated before. Examples:
but, nevertheless, however
3. Choice indicates an alternative. Examples: or, nor, otherwise
4. Results states a result or a consequence. Examples: hence,

therefore, consequently
Subject-Verb Agreement
1.The protagonist and antagonist (are rehearsing, is rehearsing) their lines
for their scenes play.
2. Spaghetti and meat sauce (serves, serve) as a yummy snack.
3. Every man and woman (is, are) a dreamer.
4. Neither the parents nor their child (is, are) in the house.
5. Everybody (does, do) not like to work overtime.
6. None of the guests ( was displeased, were displeased).
7. Many (is, are) interested in the topic being discussed.
8. Many a father (acts, act)as Santa Claus on Christmas.
9. The news (shocks, shock) the whole world.
10. The pair of scissors (is, are) dull.
11. The committee (has, have) not yet made a decision.
12. The committee (is convening, are convening) to decide on the
salary increase of the employees.
13. Melody, together with her two aunts (is coming, are coming) up the
walk.
14. One thirds of their orders (is, are) COD.
15. Television, not the movies, (gives, give) her total entertainment.
16. The number of street accidents (is, are) fewer this month.
17. A number of street children (is, are) already adopted by some
philanthropists.
18. Seven plus seven (is, are) fourteen.
19. Five and five (is, are) ten.
20. Five miles (is, are) no distance to Andy for his weekend biking.
Tense and Aspect System
 Tense-Time
 Aspect-Internal structure 3. Perfect Tense=have+past particple
1.Simple Tense Present Perfect-has or have gone
Present-is, are Past Perfect-had gone
Past-was, were Future Perfect-will+have+gone
Future-will,shall
2. Progressive Tense+verb+present participle 4. Perfect Progressive Tense=have/has+been+ing
Present-is going, are leaving Present Perfect Progressive-have been singing
Past-was going, were leaving Past Perfect Progressive-had been singing
Future-will be going, will be leaving Future Perfect Progressive-will have been
singing

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English Basic

AL NIǸO D. DUERME, MAEn

Simple present tense Simple past tense Past participle

Simple present tense Simple past tense Past participle

An expensive antique leather umbrella stand

Her long black silk gown

Our unexpected doubtful Result

Twelve shiny round green Apples

That new Italian car

1.For IN some rules are:

2. Contrast introduces an idea that what follows conflicts or

3. Choice indicates an alternative. Examples: or, nor, otherwise

4. Results states a result or a consequence. Examples: hence,

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