Computer Assisted Instruction (Cai)

COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI)
Computer can teach at any level of learning, from knowledge and

comprehension up through application, analyse and synthesis. They
can be programmed to teach problems solving and decision
making. One of the biggest advantage of computers over most of
other audio visual technologies is that students are an active
participant in the learning process, able to manipulate information ,
take action to various situation and use trial and error.
II. MEANING
When computer used as an aid to
teaching method of instruction is
called computer assisted
instruction. In implementing
Computer Assisted Instruction the
principle of programmed learning
are used within an added advantage that response of the student are
instantly and permanently recorded by the computer. For Computer
Assisted Instruction, the intended subject is broken down into small
subject and feed into the memory of the computer. The student
interact with the computer for the learning and testing, immediate
feedback and reinforcement.
III. DEFINITIONS
“Computer Assisted Instruction, abbreviated as Computer

Assisted Instruction, is a term that refers to interactive
instructional strategies that use computers to convey and teach
instructional material to students, as well as monitor their
learning” – Barrows (1986).
 Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional
technique whereby a computer is used to present the instructional
Material and Monitor the learning that takes place.
- Mitchell
IV. CONCEPTS
Computer assisted instruction brings with it several potential benefits as a
teaching/learning medium such as self paced learning, self-directed learning, the
exercising of various senses and the ability to represent content in a variety of media.
With self paced learning, learners can move as slowly or as quickly as they like
through a program. Learners can skip over a topic if information is already known,
making the learning process more efficient. With self-directed learning, learners can
decide what they want to learn and in what order. Learners have different learning
styles and use different learning strategies. According to Fletcher people remember
20% of what they hear, 40% of what they see and hear and 75% of what they see,
hear and do. Computer can exercise various senses and present information in a
variety of media can enhance the learning process. Computers may help the reticent
student who is afraid to make mistakes in a classroom situation . They are good for
online reference and useful in a language learning situation.
V. PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
N
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UC
TR
Principle of small step
DINS
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SIS
AS
Principle of active
ER
responding
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MP
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Principle of immediate
OF
confirmation
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VI. CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
1. Drill and practice

mode 5. Gaming mode
2. Tutorial mode 6. Discovering mode

3. Simulation and
problem solving mode 7. Problem solving
4. Examination mode 8. Controlled learning

DRILL AND PRACTICE METHOD
 Simplest level of cai.
 Drill and practice provide opportunities for students to repeatedly
practice the skills that they have previously learned and further
practice necessary for mastery .
 Rewards presented for correct responses.
 Incorrect responses handled appropriately.
 Teacher can modify content
Tutorial mode
The second mode in which the educational computer software may
be written is the ‘tutorial mode’. The program ‘tutors’ are ‘teaches’
the student a body of knowledge by presenting information and
asking question, giving hints if the student gets stucks. Tutorials are
most useful is teaching material the role and concept level. Tutorial
software can free faculty members from teaching some of the
routine basic material, which becomes tedious after lecturing on it
the first few times and allows them to use their time more
productively and creativity and higher level learning.
Simulation And Problem Solving mode
This is one of the most exciting form of computer software.

Simulation of real world experience provide student with all the
details about a particular patient situation and then ask them to
access the patient, arrive at diagnoses, plan interventions and
evaluate care.
Examination mode
Computer programs can be written in the ‘examination
mode’. Questions, with or without situations, can be written
in multiple choice, true/ false or fill in the blank format. There
are also programs that teaches can use to construct test used
for grading purpose.
Gaming Mode
Game software often creates a contest to achieve the highest
score and either beat others or beat the computer. The
learner can compete against his own personal best, the
computer, or other learners while mastering the material.
These games should not be confused with academic type
games.
Discovery Mode
Discovery approach provides a large database of information
specific to a course or content area and challenges the
learner to analyze, compare, infer and evaluate based on
their, explorations of the data. It provides the learner with an
opportunity to draw his own conclusion.
Problem Solving
This approach helps children develop specific problem-
solving skills and strategies The real life situations will be
presented to assist in problem solving and decisions making
skills in a safe environment.
Controlled learning
It indicates both drill and practice. Drill and practice is
supplementary to the regular curriculum taught by the
classroom teacher. The classroom may also introduce the
basic concepts. The students, later on review and practice
fundamental skills on an individualized basis at instructional
terminals.
VII. STEPS/PHASES OF COMPUTER ASSISTED
INSTRUCTION
Preparator Writing Validation

y phase phase phase
Preparatory Phase
Viewing the programmers on any topic
Selecting a topic
Preparing a content outline
Specification of objectives in behavioural terms
Specifications (assumptions about learner)
Entering behaviour. Prerequisite skills
Preparation of pre test
Terminal behaviour. Expected performance of the learner at the end of a course
Preparation of post test, i.e. preferably criterion test.

Writing Phase
It involves 4 steps:
Present the material in frames.
Provide answers for confirmation or correction of student

responses
Use prompts to guide students response
Provide careful sequential of the frames

Validation phase
It involves:
Tryout and revision
Individual tryout
Small group tryout
Master validation
Editing, reviewing
and modifying
VIII. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER ASSISTED
INSTRUCTIONS
The Computer assisted instruction can be used for handling a large body of
students
 The Computer assisted instruction provided high flexible branching
The simultaneous testing of each individual can be done by the computer
thus reliving the teacher from the dull chores of correction and record
keeping also a student cannot cheat during the testing by a computer.
Provide multi dimensional learning through words, graphics and problem
solving students.
A computer can also work as an aid in the independent study schemes based
upon reference work.
The high storage capacity of a computer allows many programmes or any
complete courses at a time for studies.
IX. DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER ASSISTED
INSTRUCTION
Computer assisted instruction lacks the human emotions factors which are
available in normal classroom lessons
 Computer is very costly pieces of equipment and beyond the reach of most
schools in our country
With excessive use of Computer assisted instruction, artistic competence of
student takes a back seat.
Produce more mental and physical fatigue
Does not help in developing the language proficiency
The mechanical responses by punching keys can become dull and frustrating.
As its simplest, the testing by computer is done by multiple choice questions,
the problems concerning value judgements cannot be tested by the
computer.
X. ROLE OF A TEACHER IN COMPUTER ASSISTED
INSTRUCTION
A Powerful tool for the teacher in the instructional process:
1. The teacher will be liberated from his routine duty.
2.The computer aided instruction can compile accurately and rapidly
analyze huge data.
When computer used as an aid to teaching method of instruction is called
computer assisted instruction. I summarized that the concepts is brings with it
several potential benefits as a teaching learning medium. The definition of
computer assisted instruction is a term that refers to interactive instructional
strategies that use computers to convey and teach instructional material to
students, as well as monitor their learning. categories are drill &practice mode,
tutorial mode, simulation and problem solving mode, examination mode,
gaming mode, and discovery mode. Typical computer assisted instruction
Provides or multimedia content, Multiple-choice questions, Problems,
Immediate feedback, Notes on incorrect responses, Notes on incorrect
responses, Summarizes students performance, Exercises for practice, and
Worksheets and tests.
Technology results in new designs and devices as also new
ideas and process. Educational technology the application
of the scientific knowledge in a systematic way to improve
the efficiency of the process of learning and instruction. It
is considered as the technology of education more than
technology in education. Computer resources consists of
and software hardware and software components.
Know1edge regarding the hardware and corresponding
software is essential for the optimum utilization of them.

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COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI)

Computer can teach at any level of learning, from knowledge and

“Computer Assisted Instruction, abbreviated as Computer

1. Drill and practice

2. Tutorial mode 6. Discovering mode

4. Examination mode 8. Controlled learning

This is one of the most exciting form of computer software.

Preparator Writing Validation

Preparing a content outline

Specification of objectives in behavioural terms

Specifications (assumptions about learner)

Entering behaviour. Prerequisite skills

Preparation of pre test

Terminal behaviour. Expected performance of the learner at the end of a course

Preparation of post test, i.e. preferably criterion test.

Present the material in frames.

Provide answers for confirmation or correction of student

Use prompts to guide students response

Provide careful sequential of the frames

Small group tryout

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