CHAPTER 6

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LINER

02
EQUATIONS

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Prepared by : TEACHER SURIA
6.1 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

6.1.1 Identify Linear Equations In One Variable And

Describe The Characteristics Of The Equations

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1. A linear equation is an equation which consist of numbers
and linear algebraic expression.

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2. For example : 2a + 3 =8, p + q = 4, 7 – h = 3h
3. A linear equation in one variable is a linear equation which
has only one variable.
Has one variable x Equality symbol

03
with the power of 1
3 is the coefficient 3x – 8 = 4
of one variable Linear algebraic expression
 PRACTICE

01
Determine whether each of the following
equations is a linear equation in one variable.

02
a) k – 9 = 13
b)2y + 8 = y – 1
c) p + q = 6

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d)x3 – 1 = 7
 SOLUTIO
N
a) k – 9 = 13 Has only one variable k with the power of 1

01
Thus, k – 9 = 13 is a linear equation in one variable.

b) 2y + 8 = y – 1 Has only one variable y with the power of 1

Thus, 2y + 8 = y – 1 is a linear equation in one variable.

02
c) p + q = 6 Has two variables p and q
Thus, p + q = 6 is notYou
linear equation
could enter a subtitle in
hereone
if variable.
you need it

03
d) x3 – 1 = 7 The power of the variable x is 3
Thus, x3 – 1 = 7 is not linear equation in one variable.
 6.1.2 Form Linear Equations In One Variable
Based On A Statement Or A Situation,
And Vice-Versa

01
PRACTICE
JUPITER MARS
It’s a gas giant and the biggest planet Despite being red, it’s a cold place.

02
Form a linear equation in one variable for
in the Solar System It’s full of iron oxide

each of the following statements

MERCURY
a) The sum of aThenumber and
closest planet to the 10
Sun and the is 15

03
smallest in the Solar System
b) Three times a number is equal to 12 is
subtracted by the number
 SOLUTIO
N

01
a) Let the number is x
The linear equation formed is x + 10 = 15

02
b) Let the number is y
You could enter a subtitle here if
The linear equationyouformedneed it is 3y = 12 – y

03
 PRACTICE
Form a linear equation in one variable based on

01
each of the following situation.
a) There are x pieces of biscuits in a packet.
Lisa bought four packets and got 60 pieces of

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biscuits.
b) Nora has a rope with a length of 1.2m. Asma
has n ropes where each rope is 70 cm long.

03
The total length of their ropes is 470 cm.
 SOLUTIO
N

01
a) 4x = 60 total number of biscuits in
4 packet = 60 pieces

02
b) 120 + 70n = 470
You could enter a subtitle here if
make sure each term
you need it

03
is in the same unit
1.2 m = 120 cm
6.1.3 Solve Linear Equations In One Variable
There are three methods to solve a linear equation in one variable
Substitute the values into
Trial and

01
the equation by trial and
improvement
error
method
Methods of Perform the arithmetic
olving linear Backtracking

02
operations in the order of
equation method working backwards

Application of Perform the same

operation in both sides of

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equality concept
the equation
All the linear equations in one variable have only one solution.
 PRACTICE

01
olve the linear equation 3x – 2 = 10
using the trial and improvement

02
ethod.

03
 SOLUTIO
N
For the equation 3x – 2 = 10 :

01
Left hand side = 3x – 2 and right hand side = 10
Trial value of x 3x – 2

02
2 3 (2) – 2 = 4
3 3 (3) – 2 = 7
You could enter a subtitle here if
4 you need it 3 (4) – 2 = 10

03
Thus, the solution for 3x – 2 = 10 is x = 4
 PRACTICE

01
olve the linear equation 4x + 3 = 11

02
y using the backtracking method.

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 SOLUTIO
N
From the equation 4x + 3 = 11, consider the order of arithmetic

01
operations starting from the value of x to get 11.
Arithmetic operation by following the order
Initial Multiplied by 4 Added by 3 Final value
value

02
Perform 4x You could
x the reverse arithmetic enter a subtitle
operations
you need it
here if form 11 to get the
starting
4x + 3 11
alue of x.

03
-3 4
1. Add 3 becomes subtract 3
11 8 2 2. Multiply by 4 becomes divide by 4
Thus, the solution for 4x + 3 = 11 is x = 2
 PRACTICE

01
Solve the linear equation 5m – 10 = 25
by applying the equality concept.

02
03
 SOLUTIO
N
5m – 10 = 25

01
5m – 10 + 10 = 25 + 10
5m = 35
m=
m=7

02
Thus, the solution forenter
You could 5ma subtitle
– 10here=if25 is m = 7
you need it

03
6.1.4 Solve Problems Involving Linear
Equations In One Variable

01
In a class, the number of boys is less
than the number of girls by 5. if the total

02
number of students in the class is 33,
how many girls are there in the class?

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 SOLUTIO
N
Let the number of girls = x

01
So, the number of boy = x – 5
Number of boys + Number of girls = Total number of students
x + (x – 5) = 33
2x – 5 = 33

02
2x – 5 + 5 = 33 + 5
2x = 38
You could enter a subtitle here if
= you need it
x = 19

03
Thus, there are 19 girls in the class.
6.2 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

.2.1 Identify Linear Equations In Two Variables And

Describe The Characteristics Of The Equations

01
1. A linear equation in two variables is a linear equation which has
two variables and the power of each variable is one.
Equality symbol

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2x + 3y = 4

Two variables x and y with the power of 1

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2. The following bubble map shows the characteristics of linear
equations in two variables.

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General form :
ax + by = c

The power of
Has two

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each
variables
variables is 1 Linear
equations
in two
variables

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Has an Has linear
equality algebraic
symbol terms
 PRACTICE

01
Determine whether each of the following
equations is a linear equation in two variables.

02
a) 2x + 5y = 8
b)p + 7 = 6 – q
c) x2 – 3y = 10

03
d)m – 4 = 2m + 9
 SOLUTIO
N
a) 2x + 5y = 8 Has two variables x and y with the power of 1

01
Thus, 2x + 5y = 8 is a linear equation in two variable.

b) p + 7 = 6 – q Has two variables p and q with the power of 1

Thus, p + 7 = 6 – q is a linear equation in two variable.

02
c) x2 – 3y = 10 The power of the variables x is 2
Thus, x2 – 3y = 10 is You
notcould
linear
enterequation
a subtitle herein
if two variable.
you need it

03
d) m – 4 = 2m + 9 Has only one variable m
Thus, m – 4 = 2m + 9 is not linear equation in two variable.
 6.2.2 Form Linear Equations In Two Variables
Based On A Statement Or A Situation,
And Vice-Versa

01
PRACTICE
JUPITER MARS
It’s a gas giant and the biggest planet Despite being red, it’s a cold place.

02
Form a linear equation in two variables for
in the Solar System It’s full of iron oxide

each of the following MERCURY

statements
a) The sum of two number
The closest isand7the
planet to the Sun

03
smallest in the Solar System
b) Four times of a number p is more than a
number q by 19
 SOLUTIO
N

01
a) Let the two numbers be x and y
The linear equation formed is x + y = 7

02
b) The two given variables are p and q
You could enter a subtitle here if
The linear equationyouformedneed it is 4p – q = 19

03
 PRACTICE

01
Form a linear equation in two variables based on
each of the following situation.
a) The difference in age between Zulkarnain

02
and his mother is 23 years.
b) The total price of 8 apples and 5 oranges is
RM12

03
 SOLUTIO
N

01
a) Let the age of Zulkarnain = x years and the
age of his mother is 23 year = y years
The linear equation formed is y – x = 23

02
b) Let the price of an apple = RMm dan the

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price of an orange = RMn
The linear equation formed is 8m + 5n = 12
6.2.3 Form Linear Equations In Two Variables Based On A
Statement Or A Situation, And Vice-Versa

01
1. The solutions of a linear equation in two variables are
the pairs of values of variables that satisfy the
equation.
2. The solution of a linear equation in two variables are

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the pairs of numerical values and can be written in the
form of ordered pair (x,y).
3. A linear equation in two variables has many possible

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pairs of solution.
PRACTICE

01
Find the possible pairs of
solutions for the equation 3x – y

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=7

03
 SOLUTIO
N
Choose value for the variable x. Let x = 1, 2 and 3.

01
When x = 1, 3(1) – y = 7 When x = 3, 3(3) – y = 7
3–y=7 9–y=7
–y=7–3 –y=7–9
–y=4 –y=–2

02
y=–4 y=2

When x = 2, 3(2) – y = 7
6–y=7

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–y=7–6
–y=1
y=–1
PRACTICE

01
Determine whether each of the
following pairs of values is a solution of

02
the equation x + 2y = 8
a) x = – 2 and y – 5
b) x = 1 and y = 3

03
 SOLUTION!
a) Substitute x = – 2 and y = 5 into the expression x + 2y

01
x + 2y = – 2 + 2(5)
= – 2 + 10
=8
Thus, x = – 2 and y = 5 is a solution of the equation x + 2y = 8

02
b) Substitute x = 1 and y =3 into the expression x + 2y = 8
x + 2y = 1 + 2(3)
= 1+6

03
=7 7 8
Thus, x = – 2 and y = 5 is not a solution of the equation x + 2y = 8
6.2.4 Represent Graphically Linear Equations In Two Variables

1. Steps of plotting a graph to represent a linear equation in two

variables :
Determine a few pairs of solutions

01
for the given linear equation

Write each pair of solution in the

form of ordered pair (x,y)

Plot all the ordered pairs on a grid

02
paper by using a suitable scale

Join all the points to obtain a straight

line graph
2. When all the ordered pairs of a linear equation in two variables are

03
plotted and the points are joined, a straight line graph is obtained.
3. All the points that lie on the straight line are the solutions of the
linear equation.
PRACTICE

01
Represent graphically the linear
equation 2x – y – 3 on a grid

02
paper.

03
 SOLUTION
 x  0 1  2   3 4

 y  2(0) – y = 3  2(1) – y = 3  2(2) – y = 3 2(3) – y = 3 2(4) – y = 3

0–y=3 2–y=3 4–y=3 6–y=3 8–y=3

01
y=–3 y=–1 y=1 y=–3 y=5
 (x,y)  (0, – 3)  (1, – 1)  (2, 1)  (3, 3)  (4, 5)

02
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6.3 Simultaneous Linear Equations In Two Variables
6.3.1 Form Simultaneous Linear Equations Based On Daily Situations.
Hence, Represent Graphically The Simultaneous Linear Equations In
Two Variables And Explain The Meaning Of Simultaneous Linear

01
Equations
1. Simultaneous linear equation in two variable are two linear
equations which have two similar variables.

02
2. The solution of the simultaneous linear equation can be
founded by representing both of the equations graphically
on the same axes.
3. The point of intersection of the two plotted straight lines is

03
the solution of the simultaneous linear equations.
4. There are tree cases of solution for simultaneous linear
equations.
5. The following tree map shows the three cases of solutions of the
simultaneous linear equations.

02
03
PRACTICE

Represent graphically each of the following

simultaneous linear equations.
Hence, determine the type of the solution.
a) x + y = 4 and y – x = 1

02
b) 2x – y = 4 and 4x – 2y = – 2
c) x – y = – 5 and 3x – 3y = – 15

03
SOLUTION

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SOLUTION

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SOLUTION

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 6.3.2 Solve Simultaneous Linear Equations
In Two Variables Using Various Methods
There are three methods to solve a simultaneous linear equation in
two variable Determine the ordered

01
Graphical Method pair from the point of
intersection between two
plotted straight line
ethods of
solving Subtitute one of the linear

02
multaneous Substitution Method
equation into the other
ar equation linear equation

Add and subtract two

03
Elimination Method equations to eliminate
one of the variables.
 PRACTICE

1. Solve the simultaneous linear equations x – y = 1 and x +

2y = 7 by using the graphical method.
2. Solve the simultaneous linear equations 2x + y = 1 and 5x
– 2y = – 29 by using the substitution method.
3. Solve the simultaneous linear equations 3x + 2y = 5 and 7x
– 4y = 2 by using the elimination method.

03
 SOLUTION
1. Solve the simultaneous linear equations x – y = 1 and x + 2y = 7 by using the graphical method

MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest

VENUS
It has a beautiful name and it’s the
second planet from the Sun

03
 SOLUTION
2. Solve the simultaneous linear equations 2x + y = 1 and 5x – 2y = – 29 by using the substitution
method.

MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest

VENUS
It has a beautiful name and it’s the
second planet from the Sun

03
 SOLUTION
3. Solve the simultaneous linear equations 3x + 2y = 5 and 7x – 4y = 2 by using the elimination
method

MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest

VENUS
It has a beautiful name and it’s the
second planet from the Sun

03
6.3.3 Solve Problems Involving Simultaneous Linear
Equations In Two Variables

PRACTIC

01
E
The diagram show 3 cans of liquid X is mixed with 2 cans of liquid Y to produce a bottle
of perfume with a volume of 80 ml.

02
DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4
Biggest planet in the It’s the closest planet Despite being red, it’s Yes, this is the ringed
Solar System to the Sun a cold place one.

03
If 250 ml of perfume is produced by using 5 cans of liquid X and 8 cans of liquid Y, find
the volume, in ml, of can of liquid X and a can of liquid Y respectively.
 SOLUTION
Let the volume of a can of liquid X = x ml
and the volume of a can of liquid Y = y ml
Then, the simultaneous linear equations formed are :

01
3x + 2y = 80
JUPITER
3 cans of liquid X + 2 cans of liquid Y = 80 ml
NEPTUNE
5x + 8y = 250 Jupiter
5 cans
is theofclosest
liquid planet
X + 8 to
cans
the of liquid Y = 250 ml
Neptune is the farthest planet from
Sun and the smallest the Sun
Solve the simultaneous linear equations to find the value of x and y.

3x + 2y =VENUS ……………… 1 Substitute x = 10 into SATURN

02
80 equation 1
5x + 8y =It 250 ………………
has a beautiful 2 it’s the 3 (10 ) + 2y = 80
name and It’s a gas giant and the biggest
1 x 4 12x – 8ysecond
= 320 planet
………………
from the Sun
3 30 + 2y = 80 planet in the Solar System
2y = 80 - 30
3 – 2 12x – 8y = 320 2y = 50
(-) 5x + MARS
8y = 250 y = 50 MERCURY

03
7x = 70 2
Despite being red, Mars is a cold Yes, this is the ringed one. It’s a gas
x = 70 y = 25
place, not hot giant, made of helium
7 Thus, the volume of a can of liquid X and a can of liquid Y
x = 10 are 10 ml and 25 ml respectively.
THANKS!

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