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    Bioreactor Landfill GRP Work

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    Ndinashe Abigail
    The document discusses bioreactor landfills, which accelerate waste decomposition through controlled addition of moisture, nutrients, and oxygen. There are four main types: aerobic, anaerobic, hybrid, and facultative. Key design elements include liners, leachate collection, gas collection, and controls on temperature, pH and liquid levels. Monitoring parameters provide information on waste stabilization progress. Bioreactor landfills offer benefits like rapid waste processing, increased landfill capacity and energy recovery, but also have disadvantages like high costs and need for intensive management.

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    Bioreactor Landfill GRP Work

    Uploaded by

    Ndinashe Abigail
    58 views32 pages
    The document discusses bioreactor landfills, which accelerate waste decomposition through controlled addition of moisture, nutrients, and oxygen. There are four main types: aerobic, anaerobic, hybrid, and facultative. Key design elements include liners, leachate collection, gas collection, and controls on temperature, pH and liquid levels. Monitoring parameters provide information on waste stabilization progress. Bioreactor landfills offer benefits like rapid waste processing, increased landfill capacity and energy recovery, but also have disadvantages like high costs and need for intensive management.

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    Bioreactor Landfill Grp Work

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    The document discusses bioreactor landfills, which accelerate waste decomposition through controlled addition of moisture, nutrients, and oxygen. There are four main types: aerobic, anaerobic, hybrid, and facultative. Key design elements include liners, leachate collection, gas collection, and controls on temperature, pH and liquid levels. Monitoring parameters provide information on waste stabilization progress. Bioreactor landfills offer benefits like rapid waste processing, increased landfill capacity and energy recovery, but also have disadvantages like high costs and need for intensive management.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views32 pages

    Bioreactor Landfill GRP Work

    Uploaded by

    Ndinashe Abigail
    The document discusses bioreactor landfills, which accelerate waste decomposition through controlled addition of moisture, nutrients, and oxygen. There are four main types: aerobic, anaerobic, hybrid, and facultative. Key design elements include liners, leachate collection, gas collection, and controls on temperature, pH and liquid levels. Monitoring parameters provide information on waste stabilization progress. Bioreactor landfills offer benefits like rapid waste processing, increased landfill capacity and energy recovery, but also have disadvantages like high costs and need for intensive management.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    WASTE

    STABILISATION –
    BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILLS
    MUNYARADZI CHANGARA
    VARAIDZO CHIFETETE
    DON MVUDUDU
    TAFADZWA NGEZI
    ROBERT DHLAKAMA
    NOKUTHULA CHINHOGA
    GRACE MUKANDABVUTE
    HISTORY OF LANDFILLS
    Landfill has been widely used for municipal solid waste
    disposal all over the world
    Conventionally, are designed to store the waste so that
    the exposure to the environment and humans could be
    minimised - the “dry tomb”
    This resulted in large portions of the landfill remaining in
    the state of very limited biological activity – increased
    time for monitoring and post closure care
    Several researches were done to upgrade the existing
    landfill technology
    HISTORY OF LANDFILLS
    Modern landfills are highly engineered containment systems
    The waste is isolated from the ground water by a liner system,
    and rain water is prevented from entering the waste by a landfill
    cap
    In the absence of perpetual maintenance, landfill caps may fail,
    allowing the infiltration of rain water and the subsequent
    uncontrolled generation of leachate.
    If the liner system also fails, this leachate could pose serious
    health risks to the community and the environment.
    WHAT IS A BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    is a sanitary landfill that uses enhanced microbiological
    processes to transform and stabilize the readily and
    moderately decomposable organic waste constituents
    within 5 to 10 years of bioreactor process implementation
    Microbial degradation is promoted by adding certain
    elements (nutrients, oxygen, or moisture) and controlling
    other elements (such as temperature or pH)
    Common bioreactor landfill is the recirculation of
    leachate, since the element that usually limits microbial
    activity in a landfill is water
    Liquids are added (stormwater, wastewater, and
    wastewater treatment plant sludges) to supplement
    leachate for maintenance of optimal moisture levels
    BIOREACTOR LANDFILL
    Liquids are added to the landfill through vertical wells,
    horizontal pipes, or trenches.
    The moisture content of the waste is the most
    important factor in promoting waste decomposition
    The primary purpose of a bioreactor landfill is to
    accelerate decomposition of the organic fraction of the
    MSW to less than ten years (i.e., rather than 30 or more
    years)
    Gas is collected to produce electrical energy.
    Design includes liner, cover, leachate system,
    groundwater monitoring
    BIOREACTOR LANDFILL DESIGN
    Required design components include the liner, leachate
    collection facilities, gas collection and management facilities, and
    the final cap

    FACTORS TO CONSIDER
    (a)Cell Size
     Deep cells are economically the best, but should not be
    extremely deep – inhibit leachate flow

    (b) Liquid management


     liquid (leachate, water, wastewater, or sludge) storage and
    supplementation capacity must be developed
     Methods of applying the liquids must be assessed - irrigation
    systems, infiltration ponds, injection wells, or trenches
    BIOREACTOR LANDFILL
    DESIGN
    FACTORS TO CONSIDER
    (c) Solid Waste Density Considerations
     Adding liquid increases density thus need to consider load bearing of gas
    collection systems

    (d) Landfill Gas Control System


     there is more gas production in shorter period of time so efficient control
    measures
     such as large pipes, and blowers
     pressure monitoring

    (e) Landfill Stability


     Addition of liquids may tend to also increase pressure – thus monitoring
    techniques have to be employed

    (f) Temperature and pH control parameters


    BIOREACTOR LANDFILL
    DESIGN
     Leachate recirculation system
     Liner systems- double
    composite(compacted clay,
    geomembrane, gravel)
     Long term closure/In situ storage- to
    improve quality of leachate before direct
    disposal.
    Leachate collection system
    Leachate storage
    TYPES OF BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL

    1. Aerobic bioreactor landfill


    2. Anaerobic bioreactor landfill
    3. Aerobic-Anaerobic (Hybrid)
    4. Facultative bioreactor landfill
    AEROBIC BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    Biodegradation occurs in the presence of air,
    which contains oxygen
    Controlled air injection into the waste mass using
    vertical or horizontal wells to promote aerobic
    bacteria to accelerate waste decomposition.
    The degradation of waste occurs under
    conditions similar to compost operations.
    The aerobic process continues until most of the
    easily and moderately degradable compounds
    have been degraded
    AEROBIC BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    The by-products of aerobic degradation
    are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
    Optimum temperatures for waste
    degradation within an aerobic bioreactor
    landfill are between 60ºC and 80ºC.
    Due to the substantial amounts of heat
    generated, large quantities of leachate can
    be evaporated
    AEROBIC BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    ANAEROBIC BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    Biodegradation occurs in the absence of air and
    oxygen
    Degradation is rate-limited by insufficient moisture
    If the waste is wetted too rapidly - a buildup of
    volatile organic acids might lower the leachate pH,
    inhibiting the methane-producing bacteria population
    and reducing the rate of biodegradation.
    Leachate parameters (such as pH, volatile organic
    acids, and alkalinity) and LFG parameters (such as
    methane content) are direct indicators of an
    established methane-producing bacteria population
    ANAEROBIC BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    Without air, methanogenetic bacteria are
    promoted to accelerate waste degradation
    The by-products of anaerobic degradation
    are methane (CH4) that can be used as an
    alternative energy source and CO2.
    ANAEROBIC BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC
    (HYBRID)
    Waste is by degraded sequential aerobic
    and anaerobic conditions
    This rapidly degrades organics in the
    upper sections of the landfill and collects
    gas from the lower sections
    Methanogenesis is rapid due to reduction
    in organic acid
    The uppermost lift receives air whilst the
    one below leachate.
    AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC
    (HYBRID)
    Gas is collected below each lift receiving
    liquid
    Adavantage- combines simplicity of
    anaerobic bioreactors with efficiency of
    aerobic bioreactors
    Also results in the destruction of volatile
    compounds
    Implementation options include as built
    bioreactor landfills or retrofit bioreactor
    landfills
    AEROBIC-ANAEROBIC
    (HYBRID)
    FACULTATIVE BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    Combines conventional anaerobic
    degradation with a mechanism controlling
    high ammonia
    Leachate with high ammonia is treated
    using nitrification
    This procedure utilizes a biological
    process
    Ammonia is converted to nitrates
    FACULTATIVE BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    Treated leachate is returned to landfill for a
    denitrifying process
    Results in the removal of ammonia
    Implementation options include built
    bioreactor and retrofit bioreactor landfill
    Monitoring of the bioreactor landfills

    Consists of two components: regulatory


    requirements and process control
    requirements
    Regulatory requirements aims at protecting
    human health, safety and environment
    Process control requirements is for the
    proper operation of the facility as per the
    project objectives
    Monitoring Cont…
    Parameters that are monitored include:
     Moisture content – use of moisture sensors
     Head or depth leachate – use of a series of
    pressure transducers
     Temperature – use of thermometers
     Gas composition – use of gas sampling ports
     Leachate flow rate – use of flow meters
     Waste composition and condition
     Ground water quality
     Leachate composition and characteristics
     Waste settlement
    Monitoring Cont…
    Parameters that are monitored:
     pH
     Gas flow and gas composition: methane,
    carbon dioxide, oxygen, non methane organic
    carbon, carbon monoxide
     Volatile solids – measurement of the amount
    of biodegradable material remaining in the
    waste mass
    Monitoring Cont…
    These monitoring parameters should be
    measured more frequently in early
    demonstration cells due to it’s rapid
    degradation
    Monitoring frequency can be reduced
    when waste becomes stabilised
    Continuous monitoring should go on until
    post closure to provide baseline for long
    term performance evaluation
    BENEFITS OF BIOREACTOR
    LANDFILL
    They can accrue in the form of environmental, regulatory,
    monetary and social benefits

    Rapid organic waste conversion/ stabilization


     Rapid settlement - 5 to 10 yrs of implementation
     Improved leachate quality – stabilises within 3-10 yrs after
    closure
     Early land use possible following closure

    Maximizing of landfill gas capture for energy recovery


    projects
     Significant increase in total gas available for energy use
     Increased greenhouse gas reduction from lessened emissions
    BENEFITS OF BIOREACTOR LANDFILL

    Increased landfill space capacity reuse due to rapid


    settlement during operational time period
     Increase in the amount of waste that can be placed into
    the permitted landfill airspace
     Extension of landfill life through additional waste
    placement
     capital for landfill replacement deferred to other sectors

    Improved leachate treatment and storage


     complete treatment of organic constituents as there is
    recirculation before exposure
    BENEFITS OF BIOREACTOR LANDFILL
    Reduction in post-closure care, maintenance and risk
     Rapid waste stabilization minimizes environmental risk
     Landfill operation and maintenance activities are
    considerably reduced
     reuse possible thus reduction in costs

    Reduce environmental impacts


     engineered bioreactors, thus minimum impact on
    groundwater, surface water, and the neighbouring
    environment.

    Production of end product that does not need landfilling


     end microbial biodegradation product can be spread on land
    surfaces as compost
    DISADVANTAGES OF
    BIOREACTOR LANDFILLS
    Strict management is needed
    Instrumentation and monitoring of the
    performance during changes in solid,
    liquid and gas phases are intense.
    High costs for high-tech landfills
    Investment costs of the aerobic bioreactor
    are higher than the other bioreactor types
    DISADVANTAGES OF
    BIOREACTOR LANDFILLS
    Increased surface odours, landfill fires,
    physical instability of the waste due to
    moisture and density are some of the
    concerns
    THANK YOU

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