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Directory Commands and File Readers: Presented by

This document discusses Linux directory and file reader commands. It provides the syntax and examples of commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, pwd, clear, history, cat, more, less, head, tail, and wc to view, navigate, create, remove directories and read files. It also covers the man command to view manuals for commands.

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Zel Pamplona
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Directory Commands and File Readers: Presented by

This document discusses Linux directory and file reader commands. It provides the syntax and examples of commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, pwd, clear, history, cat, more, less, head, tail, and wc to view, navigate, create, remove directories and read files. It also covers the man command to view manuals for commands.

Uploaded by

Zel Pamplona
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIRECTORY COMMANDS and

FILE READERS
Presented by:
Monette P. Martinez
Linux Commands

• Directory Commands
• To displays the contents of the current working
directory
Syntax:
ls

Options that can be used with it.


• -a
• -A
• -d
• -l
• -r
• -R
Linux Commands

• Directory Commands
• To change directory
Syntax:
• cd . means the current directory
• cd .. means parent directory
• cd means will take you to your home directory
• cd – will take you to your previous directory
• cd ~ username will take you to the home
directory of the user
• cd <directory_name>
• cd <directorypath>
Linux Commands

• Directory Commands
• To make directory/directories
Syntax:
mkdir [-option] directory1 directory2 …

Examples:
• To create the directories dir1, dir2, dir3, on the current
directory:
Syntax: mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3

• To create the directory /home/tester/mydir/tetdir


(mydir is not yet existing):
Syntax: mkdir –p/home/tester/mydir/testdir
Linux Commands

• Directory Commands
• To remove directory
Syntax:
rmdir [-option] directoryname
*This command allows removing an EMPTY directories.

Examples:
• To remove the directories dir1
Syntax: rmdir dir1

• To remove the directory /home/tester/mydir/testdir


and its parent directory
Syntax: rmdir-p mydir/testdir
Linux Commands

• Directory Commands
• To print or display the current working directory.
Syntax: pwd
• To clear the screen.
Syntax: clear
• To display previously entered commands. This
information is stored the ~/.bash_history file
located at the home directory of each user.
Syntax: history
Linux Commands

• File Readers allow to view the contents of a file.


• To concatenates a file /files and displays the
output on the screen.
Syntax: cat [filename1] [filename2]

Examples:
• To view the contents of a file phone1:
Syntax: cat phone1
• To view the contents of both phone1 and phone 2:
Syntax: cat phone1 phone2
Linux Commands

• File Readers
• The more command pages through the text of a file
“one screen at a time”.
Press <Spacebar> to view the next page
Syntax: more [filename1]
• The less command navigates through the file. Can
go down or go back to the previous page.
Syntax: less [filename1]
Note:
After viewing the file, press q to quit the lesser
environment
Linux Commands

• File Readers
• The head command displays the first lines of a file
Syntax: head [-count] filename

Examples:
• To view the first 10 lines:
Syntax: head song.txt
• To view the first 5 lines:
Syntax: head-5 song.txt
Linux Commands

• File Readers
• The tail command displays the last lines of a file.
Syntax: tail [-count] filename

Examples:
• To view the last 10 lines:
Syntax: tail song.txt
• To view the last 5 lines:
Syntax: tail-5 song.txt
•File Readers
•The wc command allows you to count the number
of lines, words, and characters in a file.
Syntax: wc [-option] filename
Examples:
•To count the number of lines, words, and characters
in the file list:
Syntax: wc list
•To count the number of lines in the file list:
Syntax: wc –l list
•To count the number of words in the file list:
Syntax: wc –w list
•To count the number of characters in the file list:
Syntax: wc –c list
Linux Commands

• File Readers
• The man command means manual. It displays
description of a certain command
Syntax: man command

Examples:
• To view the manual for ls command
Syntax: man ls

Note: To exit in the man page, press q.

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