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    The Remainder and Factor Theorems

    Uploaded by

    Lenny Rose Morito
    The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem. The Remainder Theorem states that when dividing a polynomial f(x) by (x-a), the remainder is equal to f(a). It can be used to evaluate a polynomial function. The Factor Theorem states that (x-a) is a factor of a polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0. When dividing a polynomial by one of its factors and the remainder is 0, that factor fully divides the polynomial. Both theorems relate the factors, zeros, and remainders of polynomials. They allow evaluating polynomials, finding all factors of a polynomial from one known factor, and determining if an

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Remainder and Factor Theorems

    Uploaded by

    Lenny Rose Morito
    42 views17 pages
    The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem. The Remainder Theorem states that when dividing a polynomial f(x) by (x-a), the remainder is equal to f(a). It can be used to evaluate a polynomial function. The Factor Theorem states that (x-a) is a factor of a polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0. When dividing a polynomial by one of its factors and the remainder is 0, that factor fully divides the polynomial. Both theorems relate the factors, zeros, and remainders of polynomials. They allow evaluating polynomials, finding all factors of a polynomial from one known factor, and determining if an

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    Remainder Theorem

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    The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem. The Remainder Theorem states that when dividing a polynomial f(x) by (x-a), the remainder is equal to f(a). It can be used to evaluate a polynomial function. The Factor Theorem states that (x-a) is a factor of a polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0. When dividing a polynomial by one of its factors and the remainder is 0, that factor fully divides the polynomial. Both theorems relate the factors, zeros, and remainders of polynomials. They allow evaluating polynomials, finding all factors of a polynomial from one known factor, and determining if an

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    42 views17 pages

    The Remainder and Factor Theorems

    Uploaded by

    Lenny Rose Morito
    The document discusses the Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem. The Remainder Theorem states that when dividing a polynomial f(x) by (x-a), the remainder is equal to f(a). It can be used to evaluate a polynomial function. The Factor Theorem states that (x-a) is a factor of a polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0. When dividing a polynomial by one of its factors and the remainder is 0, that factor fully divides the polynomial. Both theorems relate the factors, zeros, and remainders of polynomials. They allow evaluating polynomials, finding all factors of a polynomial from one known factor, and determining if an

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    The Remainder and

    Factor Theorems
    The Remainder Theorem

    If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x – a),


    the remainder is the constant f(a), and

    f(x) = q(x) ∙ (x – a) + f(a)

    where q(x) is a polynomial with degree


    one less than the degree of f(x).

    Dividend equals quotient times divisor plus remainder.


    Long Division of Polynomials

    •
    The Remainder and Factor Theorems
    • The remainder obtained in the synthetic division
    process has an important interpretation, as
    described in the Remainder Theorem.

    • The Remainder Theorem tells you that synthetic division can be


    used to evaluate a polynomial function. That is, to evaluate a
    polynomial function f (x) when x = k,
    Divide f (x) by x – k the remainder will be f (k).
    The Remainder Theorem

    Find f(3) for the following polynomial function.

    f(x) = 5x2 – 4x + 3
    f(3) = 5(3)2 – 4(3) + 3
    f(3) = 5 ∙ 9 – 12 + 3
    f(3) = 45 – 12 + 3
    f(3) = 36
    The Remainder Theorem

    Now divide the same polynomial by (x – 3).

    5x2 – 4x + 3

    3 5 –4 3
    15 33
    5 11 36
    The Remainder Theorem
    f(x) = 5x2 – 4x + 3
    5x2 – 4x + 3
    f(3) = 5(3)2 – 4(3) + 3
    3 5 –4 3
    f(3) = 5 ∙ 9 – 12 + 3 15 33
    5 11 36
    f(3) = 45 – 12 + 3
    f(3) = 36

    Notice that the value obtained when evaluating the function at f(3) and the value
    of the remainder when dividing the polynomial by x – 3 are the same.

    Dividend equals quotient times divisor plus remainder.

    5x2 – 4x + 3 = (5x + 11) ∙ (x – 3) + 36


    The Remainder Theorem

    Use synthetic substitution to find g(4) for the


    following function.

    f(x) = 5x4 – 13x3 – 14x2 – 47x + 1

    4 5 –13 –14 –47 1


    20 28 56 36
    5 7 14 9 37
    The Remainder Theorem

    Synthetic Substitution – using synthetic


    division to evaluate a function

    This is especially helpful for polynomials with


    degree greater than 2.
    The Remainder Theorem

    Use synthetic substitution to find g(–2) for the


    following function.

    f(x) = 5x4 – 13x3 – 14x2 – 47x + 1

    –2 5 –13 –14 –47 1


    –10 46 –64 222
    5 –23 32 –111 223
    The Remainder Theorem

    Use synthetic substitution to find c(4) for the


    following function.

    c(x) = 2x4 – 4x3 – 7x2 – 13x – 10

    4 2 –4 –7 –13 –10
    8 16 36 92
    2 4 9 23 82
    The Factor Theorem

    The binomial (x – a) is a factor of the


    polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0.
    The Factor Theorem

    When a polynomial is divided by one of its


    binomial factors, the quotient is called a
    depressed polynomial.

    If the remainder (last number in a depressed


    polynomial) is zero, that means f(#) = 0. This
    also means that the divisor resulting in a
    remainder of zero is a factor of the polynomial.
    The Factor Theorem

    x3 + 4x2 – 15x – 18
    x–3

    3 1 4 –15 –18
    Since the remainder is zero,
    3 21 18 (x – 3) is a factor of
    1 7 6 0 x3 + 4x2 – 15x – 18.

    This also allows us to find the remaining factors of


    the polynomial by factoring the depressed polynomial.
    The Factor Theorem

    x3 + 4x2 – 15x – 18
    x–3
    The factors of

    3 1 4 –15 –18 x3 + 4x2 – 15x – 18


    3 21 18 are
    1 7 6 0 (x – 3)(x + 6)(x + 1).

    x2 + 7x + 6
    (x + 6)(x + 1)
    The Factor Theorem

    (x – 3)(x + 6)(x + 1).

    Compare the factors


    of the polynomials
    to the zeros as seen
    on the graph of
    x3 + 4x2 – 15x – 18.
    The Factor Theorem
    Given a polynomial and one of its factors, find the remaining
    factors of the polynomial. Some factors may not be binomials.

    1. x3 – 11x2 + 14x + 80 (x – 8)(x – 5)(x + 2)


    x–8

    2. 2x3 + 7x2 – 33x – 18 (x + 6)(2x + 1)(x – 3)


    x+6

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