The document provides an overview of power electronic devices and their applications. It discusses the meaning and function of power electronics, which involves converting and controlling large amounts of electrical power using power semiconductor devices. The document describes the basic components of a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), including the rectifier, inverter, transformer, and controller. It also explains how power electronics are used in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems to convert AC to DC using rectifiers at one end and convert DC back to AC using inverters at the other end.
The document provides an overview of power electronic devices and their applications. It discusses the meaning and function of power electronics, which involves converting and controlling large amounts of electrical power using power semiconductor devices. The document describes the basic components of a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), including the rectifier, inverter, transformer, and controller. It also explains how power electronics are used in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems to convert AC to DC using rectifiers at one end and convert DC back to AC using inverters at the other end.
The document provides an overview of power electronic devices and their applications. It discusses the meaning and function of power electronics, which involves converting and controlling large amounts of electrical power using power semiconductor devices. The document describes the basic components of a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), including the rectifier, inverter, transformer, and controller. It also explains how power electronics are used in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems to convert AC to DC using rectifiers at one end and convert DC back to AC using inverters at the other end.
The document provides an overview of power electronic devices and their applications. It discusses the meaning and function of power electronics, which involves converting and controlling large amounts of electrical power using power semiconductor devices. The document describes the basic components of a switched-mode power supply (SMPS), including the rectifier, inverter, transformer, and controller. It also explains how power electronics are used in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems to convert AC to DC using rectifiers at one end and convert DC back to AC using inverters at the other end.
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OVERVIEW OF POWER
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
1 OBJECTIVES 1.1 Remember the applications of Power Electronics 1.1.1 Define the meaning and function of Power Electronic. 1.1.2 Draw the block diagram of SMPS. 1.1.3 Explain the operation of Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) 1.1.4 Explain the function of Power Electronics in HVDC
2 1.1 The Meaning And Function Of Power Electronic •Power electronics deals with conversion and control of large amounts of electrical power. •The power semiconductor devices are used as on/off switches in power control circuit. •The word power means high amplitudes of current and voltage.
Power electronics may be defined as the subject of applications of
solid state power semiconductor devices (Thyristors) for the control and conversion of electric power.
15-Dec-15 3 1.1 The Meaning And Function Of Power Electronic Power Electronics is to convert, i.e to process and control the flow of electric power by supplying voltage s and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads. Basic block diagram
Building Blocks: – Input Power, Output Power – Power Processor – Controller
15-Dec-15 4 AC to DC Converter in Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Introduction To SMPS Power supply is an electronic circuit that is used for providing the electrical power to appliances or loads such as computers and machines. These electrical and electronic loads require various forms of power at different ranges and with different characteristics. So, for this reason the power is converted into the required forms (with desired qualities) by using some power electronic converters or power converters.
Electrical and electronic loads work with various forms of
power supplies, such as AC power supply, AC- to-DC power supply, High-voltage power supply and Switch- Mode Power Supply (SMPS). 5 POWER SUPPLY LINEAR POWER SUPPLY Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
used, power frequency is at 50 or 60 Hz. Typically 50 kHz - 1 MHz Small if transformerless Output voltage not exceeding input. Any voltages available. Voltage varies little with load Traditional ‘linear’ AC/DC power supplies A Modern switched-mode (SMPS) AC/DC use a mains frequency transformer to converters process energy at high frequencies, provide voltage step-down and galvanic typically between 100kHz and 200kHz, resulting isolation. These transformers are in a much smaller and more efficient solution inefficient, in some cases wasting more than the traditional linear supply. power than they actually deliver to the 6 load. What is Switch-Mode Power Supply? The electronic power supply integrated with the switching regulator for converting the electrical power efficiently from one form to another form with desired characteristics is called as Switch-mode power supply. It is used to obtain regulated DC output voltage from unregulated AC or DC input voltage.
7 1.2 Block Diagram of SMPS The basic building blocks of an SMPS are shown in Figure 1:
Figure 1 : Block diagram of an SMPS
8 1.2 Block Diagram of SMPS The basic building blocks of an SMPS are shown in Figure 1:
Figure 1 : Block diagram of an SMPS
9 1.3 Operation of Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Input Rectifier Stage If the SMPS has an AC input, then the first stage is to convert the input to DC Inverter Stage The inverter stage converts DC, whether directly from the input or from the rectifier stage described above, to AC by running it through a power oscillator Output Transformer If the output is required to be isolated from the input, as is usually the case in mains power supplies, the inverted AC is used to drive the primary winding of a high-frequency transformer and this converts the voltage up or down to the required output level on its secondary winding 10 1.3 Operation of Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Output Rectifier And Filter If a DC output is required, the AC output from the transformer is rectified Chopper Controller Feedback circuit monitors the output voltage and compares it with a reference voltage
11 Advantages & Disadvantages of SMPS Advantages of SMPS over Linear Power Supplies: 1. Lower weight 2. Smaller size 3. Higher efficiency 4. Lower power dissipation 5. Wide ac input voltage range 6. Reduced costs Disadvantages of SMPS: 1. Complexity of the circuit
12 1.4 The function of Power Electronics in HVDC High Voltage Direct Current Transmission | HVDC Transmission
The massive transmission of electricity in the form of DC
over long distances by means of submarine cables or overhead transmission line is the high voltage direct current transmission. This type of transmission is preferred over HVAC transmission for very long distance when considering the cost, losses and many other factors. The names Electrical superhighway or Power superhighway are often used for HVDC. 15-Dec-15 13 1.4 The function of Power Electronics in HVDC
HVDC Substation Layout
15-Dec-15 14 1.4 The function of Power Electronics in HVDC HVDC Transmission System
■ AC power is generated in the generating station. This should first
be converted into DC. The conversion is done with the help of rectifier. The DC power will flow through the overhead lines. At the user end, this DC has to be converted into AC. For that purpose, an inverter is placed at the receiving end. ■ Thus, there will be a rectifier terminal in one end of HVDC substation and an inverter terminal in the other end. The power of the sending end and user end will be always equal (Input Power = Output Power)
15-Dec-15 15 AC TO DC CONVERTER (RECTIFIERS) An AC to DC converter circuit can convert AC voltage into a DC voltage. The DC output voltage can be controlled by varying the firing angle of the thyristors. The AC input voltage could be a single phase or three phase.
AC input DC output
SINGLE THREE PHASE PHASE INVERTER The inverters are used for converting DC power from a fixed voltage DC supply into an AC output voltage of variable frequency and fixed or variable output AC voltage. The inverters also employ force commutation method to turn off the Thyristors.
DC input AC output
DC to AC CONVERSION SINGLE PHASE INVERTER THREE PHASE INVERTER
