A COMPARISION ON BEHAVIOUR OF

CONCRETE BY REPLACING FINE

AGGREGATE WITH ROBO SAND
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE : Mrs. A.KRISHNA PRIYA
Presented by : Ch. Sai Chandra 18X41A0106
Sk.Shareef 18X41A0141
T.Siva Venkat Rao 18X41A0145
T.Lokesh 18X41A0147
V. Pavan Kumar Reddy 18X41A0154
OVERVIEW
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Methodology
• Experimental results
• Conclusion
• References
 ABSTRACT
• Concrete is a mixer of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water.
Concrete place a vital role in the development of infrastructure like
buildings, industrial structures , bridges and highways etc,. leading to
utilization of large quantity of concrete. Robo sand is one of the most
used material to replace river sand, which can be used as an alternative to
fine aggregate in concrete.
• In the present investigation workability and strength of concrete was
evaluated by replacement of natural sand by Robo sand with different
varying proportions such as 25%,50%, 75%, 100% for M30 & M40 grade
concrete cubes and cylinders. For strength parameters of each grade of
concrete cubes and cylinders are casted and tested at the age of 7days and
28days.
 INTRODUCTION
• Robo sand is defined as a purpose made crushed fine aggregate produced from a
suitable source material. Production generally involves Crushing, Screening and
possibly Washing, separation into discrete fractions, recombining and blending.
• Sand is the one of main constituents of concrete making which is about 35% of
volume of concrete used in construction industry. Natural sand is mainly excavated
from river beds and always contain high percentage of in organic materials,
chlorides, sulphates, silt and clay that adversely affect the strength, durability of
concrete & reinforcing steel there by reducing the life of structure, when concrete is
used for buildings in aggressive environments, marine structures, nuclear structures,
tunnels, precast units, etc. Fine particles below 600 microns must be at least 30 % to
50% for making concrete will give good results.
LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE: Studied the replacement of sand with crushed sand.
AUTHOR: Misra (1984)
DESCRIPTION:
• He concluded that percentage of water required to mortar of same
consistency is high for Robo sand as compared to river sand of same
grading and same mix proportions.
• The percentage increase in the compressive strength in the 19.64% and
8.03% at the age of 7&28 days .
• The percentage of increase in split tensile strength is 1.83% at the age of
28days.
LITERATURE REVIEW

TITLE: Manufactured sand for concrete

AUTHOR: Hudson (1999)
DESCRIPTION:
• He Reported that concrete robo with a high percentage of minus
75micron will yield a more cohesive mix than concrete made with
natural sand.
• The cost of construction can be reduced to 10% per cum.
LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE: Study of replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand
in concrete.
AUTHOR: Rao et.al (2002)
DESCRIPTION:
• In his investigations he found that percentage of stone dust increases
the workability decreases in each grade of concrete, to compensate the
decrease in workability, some quantity of water and cement were
added to get normal workability.
• The percentage of increase in water is in the range of 5-7%.
LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE: Studied the replacement of sand with crushed sand.
AUTHOR: Bhanuprabha (2003)
DESCRIPTION:
• His Observations showed that percentage of weight for M25 and M35
grade robo sand concrete increased in 5% H2SO4 and 5% Na2SO3 acid
compared to plane concrete and found to be as -30.3%,-24.4% and -
5.3%,-2.2%,-2.2%,-1.25% respectively.
LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE: Studied the behavior of GGBS and the impact of GGBS on
new concrete and solidified cement.
AUTHOR: Wang ling et al(2004)
DESCRIPTION:
• His investigations shows that GGBS has high quality and lower heat
of hydration
• GGBS will give protection from compound erosion.
METHODOLOGY
Collection of materials

Test materials

Mix design

Casting of cubes and cylinders

Curing

results
Test carried out on materials

• test on cement:
a) fineness test of cement
b) specific gravity of cement
c) determination of standard consistency of cement
d) determination of initial and final setting time
• TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE:
a) specific gravity of fine aggregate
b) sieve analysis of fine aggregate
• TEST ON COARSE AGGREATES:
a) specific gravity of coarse aggregate
b) sieve analysis of coarse aggregate

S.no Property Test result

1. Specific gravity of coarse aggregate 2.9

2. Specific gravity of fine aggregate 2.59

specific gravity of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate

S.no Property Test results

1. Normal consistency 30%

2. Specific gravity cement 3.11
3. Setting time  
  Initial setting time 35min
  Final setting time 230min
4. Fineness of cement (IS sieve no 9) 3.5%
5. Compressive strength (1:3 sand mortar cubes)  
  7 days 37 Mpa
28 days 53 Mpa

Table 1:Physical properties of Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade

Mix design

M30 grade concrete (mix proportions)

contents (Cube-2)50% (Cube-3)75% (Cube-4)100%
(Cube -1) 25%

Cement 1.65kg 1.65kg 1.65kg 1.65kg

Fine aggregate        
Sand 1.765kg 1.175kg 0.587kg  
Robo sand 0.587kg 1.175kg 1.765kg 2.35kg

Coarse 4.495kg 4.495kg 4.495kg 4.495kg

aggregate

water 750ml 750ml 750ml 750ml

Table : M30 grade concrete mix design

M40 grade concrete (mix proportions)
Content (Cube-1)25% (Cube-2)50% (Cube-3)75% (Cube-4)100%

Cement 1.8kg 1.8kg 1.8kg 1.8kg

Fine aggregate        
Sand 1.725kg 1.15kg 0.575kg  
Robo sand 0.575kg 1.15kg 1.725kg 2.3kg

Coarse aggregate 3.8kg 3.8kg 3.8kg 3.8kg

water 750ml 750ml 750ml 750ml

Table : M40 grade concrete mix design

CASTING OF CUBES AND CYLINDERS
• For casting the cubes, cylinder and beam specimens a standard cast iron metal
moulds of size 150x150x150 mm cubes, 150 mm diameter and 300mm height
cylinders and beams of size 150x150x700mm are used. The mould have been
cleaned off dust particles and applied with mineral oil on all sides, before
concrete is poured into the mould. Thoroughly mixed concrete is filled into the
mould in three layers of equal height followed by vibration with needle
vibrator. Excess concrete is removed with trovel and top surface is finished to
smooth level.
COMPACTION OF CONCRETE:
•Compaction of concrete is a process adopted for expelling the entrapped air
from the concrete. In the process of placing and mixing of the concrete, air is likely
to get entrapped in the concrete. If this air is not removed fully, the concrete looses
strength considerably.
• In order to achieve full compaction and maximum density with reasonable
compacting efforts available at the site, it is necessary to use a mix with adequate
workability. In the present investigation, the internal vibration is used for
compacting the concrete.
• Needle vibrator consists of a steel tube, which is inserted in fresh concrete.
Theirs steel tube is connected to an electric mortar through a flexible tube. The size
of poker is 40 mm diameter. The frequency of vibration is about 3000 rpm.
Compaction of concrete by vibration makes the concrete better quality, higher
strength with given cement content with less mixing water.  
CURING OF SPECIMEN:
• Curing is the process of preventing the loss of moisture from the concrete whilst maintaining a

satisfactory temperature regime. More elaborately, curing is defined as the process of maintaining satisfactory

moisture content and a favorable temperature in concrete during the period immediately following placement, so

that hydration of cement may continue until the desired properties are developed to sufficient degree to meet the

requirement at service.

• After casting, the moulded specimens are stored in the laboratory free from vibration, in moist air and room

temperature for 24 hours from the time at addition of water to the dry ingredients. After this period, the specimens

are removed from the moulds, immediately submerged in clean fresh water tank. The water in which specimens

are submerged are renewed at every 7 days and maintained at a temperature of 27+_2 degree. The specimens are

cured for 7 days and 28 days respectively.

Compressive strength of M30 & M40 grade concrete
s.no PERCENTAGE DATE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
(N/mm2)
M30GRADE    
  7 DAYS 28DAYS
1.(Cube-1) 25 14/4/22 36.44 43.5
2.(Cube-2) 50 14/4/22 24.44 42.6
3.(Cube-3) 75 15/4/22 26.44 42.6
4.(Cube-4) 100 15/4/22 25.7 39.5
M40GRADE        
1.(Cube-1) 25 4/5/22 31.1  
2.(Cube-2) 50 4/5/22 30.2  
3.(Cube-3) 75 4/5/22 24.8  
4.(Cube-4) 100 4/5/22 30.6  

Table : compressive strength of M30 & M40 grade concrete

CONCLUSION:
 100% replacement is reasonable where there is low workability requirement.
 And where there is high workability requirement, partial replacement can be
made keeping in view the strength and economy.
 Strength criteria can be fully ascertained with 100% replacement of natural sand
with manufactured sand.
 For big projects like highways, establishing a plant leads to economy as they
require large amount of fine aggregate.
 River beds can be safeguarded by reducing the excavations for natural sand.
REFERENCE:

Bhanuprabha(2003).‘‘Studies on useof manufactured sand as Fine Aggregate’’
M. Tech dissertation, submitted to JNTU, Hyderabad, India .

Bhikshma V. Nitturkar,K and Venkatesham,Y(2009), “Investigations on mechanical
properties of high strength silica fume concrete. ” Asian journal of civil
engineering (building and housing) Vol. 10, no. 3. pp.335-346. 

Giridhar, V(2000)., ‘‘Strength characteristics of concrete using crusher stone dust
as fine aggregate’’, 63rd Annual General meeting, Hyderabad. pp: 11-15.
Hudson, B.P.(1999), ‘‘Manufactured sand for concrete,’’ ICJ, August 1999.

Misra, V.H(1984)., ‘‘Use of Stone dust from crusher in cement and sand
• Mortar’’ ICJ, August 1984.