UNIT – 5

Construction Equipment
.
 Construction Equipment

• Construction equipment refers to heavy-duty

vehicles specially designed for executing
construction tasks, most frequently involving
earthwork operations
 Bull dozers
Bulldozers are considered one of the strongest and most
reliable heavy equipment used in the construction
industry. A bulldozer is a powerful and extremely heavy
machine used ​to move dirt along large open tracts of
land. Bulldozers have a wide, flat blade in front that can
be operated using two hydraulic pistons to move the
blade in a limited range of angles and depths. They are
normally used to push piles of earth and for rough or fine
grading, depending on the size of the bulldozer. A
bulldozer's considerable weight helps it crush large
boulders, among other operations.
 scraper
• A scraper can move dirt and aggregates quickly
around a construction site and is used primarily
for digging and leveling large areas of land.
Scrapers are large heavy equipment designed
for open areas, where they can run at high
speeds for cut and fill operations. Large self-
propelled scrapers are called motor scrapers.
There are also smaller scrapers, called pull
scrapers, that are pulled behind another vehicle.
 Wheel Tractor Scrapers
• Wheel Tractor Scrapers are earth moving equipment
used to provide flatten soil surface through scrapping.
Front part contains wheeled tractor vehicle and rear part
contain a scrapping arrangement such as horizontal front
blade, conveyor belt and soil collecting hopper. When
the front blade is lowered onto the ground and vehicle is
moved, the blade starts digging the soil above the blade
level and the soil excavated is collected in hopper
through conveyor belt. When the hopper is full, the rear
part is raised from the ground and hopper is unloaded at
soil dump yard.
 power shovel
• A power shovel (also stripping shovel or front
shovel or electric mining shovel or electric rope shovel[2]) is a
bucket-equipped machine, usually electrically powered, used
for digging and loading earth or fragmented rock and for 
mineral extraction.[3] Power shovels are a type of rope/cable
excavator, where the digging arm is controlled and powered by
winches and steel ropes, rather than hydraulics like in the
more common hydraulic excavators. Basic parts of a power
shovel include the track system, cabin, cables, rack, stick,
boom foot-pin, saddle block, boom, boom point sheaves and
bucket. The size of bucket varies from 0.73 to 53 cubic meters.
 Design and use
• Design of power shovel • Use of power shovel
• Power shovels normally consist of a
revolving deck with a power plant, drive • Power shovels are used
and control mechanisms, usually a  principally for excavation and
counterweight, and a front attachment,
such as a crane ("boom") which
removal of overburden in 
supports a handle ("dipper" or "dipper open-cut mining operations;
stick") with a digger ("bucket") at the they may also be used for the
end. The term "dipper" is also loading of minerals, such as 
sometimes used to refer to the handle
and digger combined. The machinery is coal. They are the modern
mounted on a base platform with tracks equivalent of steam shovels,
or wheels.[4] Modern bucket capacities and operate in a similar
range from 8m3 to nearly 80m3. fashion.
dragline clamshell

The terms "dragline" and

"clamshell" refer to the
particular type of bucket
used and to the digging
motion of the bucket. A
dragline works, as the
name implies, by dragging
a bucket toward the
machine. The clamshell
bucket is designed to
excavate material in a
vertical direction.
 Crane
Cranes in construction
are used to lift or lower
objects and move them
horizontally. Either way, all
cranes are equipped with
pulleys and cables that are
useful when it comes to
moving objects around.
They are usually temporary
structures that are either
mounted on a custom-built
vehicle or fixed to the
ground
 Backhoe
• Backhoe is another widely used equipment
which is suitable for multiple purposes. The
name itself telling that the hoe arrangement is
provided on the back side of vehicle while
loading bucket is provided in the front. This is
well useful for excavating trenches below the
machine level and using front bucket loading,
unloading and lifting of materials can be done.
 Trenching Machine
• A trencher is a piece of construction
equipment used to dig trenches, especially
for laying pipes or electrical cables, for
installing drainage, or in preparation for
trench warfare. Trenchers may range in size
from walk-behind models, to attachments for
a skid loader or tractor, to very heavy tracked
heavy equipment.
 Hauling Equipment:

• Hauling units transport the earth, aggregate,

rock, ore, coal and other materials. Hauling
units may be road vehicles or rail-road
locomotives. Haulage mainly consist of trailers
pulled by tractors or trucks.
 Drilling machine

• A drilling machine is a type of machine in

which the holes are being made on the
workpiece by making use of a rotating tool
called drill bit or the twist drill. Drilling is
basically a technology of creating holes.
Drilling operations can also be performed on
Lathe machines.
Drilling machine
 Blasting

• Airblast recognises the needs of the Anti

Corrosion Industry and our abrasive blast
equipment offers all the features that the
professional user requires. Our core range of
open blasting pots all feature a well designed
and proven single piece remote control &
dead-man handle system and silencer ensuring
reduced labour costs, high efficiency of
abrasive utilisation, as well as operator safety.
 Tunneling Equipment
• A tunnel boring machine (TBM), is used to excavate tunnels
with a circular cross-section through a variety of soil and rock
strata. They may also be used for micro tunneling. They can be
designed to bore through anything from hard rock to
• The method of tunnel construction depends on such factors as
the ground conditions, the groundwater conditions, the length
and diameter of the tunnel drive, the depth of the tunnel, the
logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation, the final use, and
the shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management.
Tunnel construction is a subset of underground construction.
The selection of the apt equipment therefore becomes pivotal.
Tunnel
 Pile Driving
• Pile driving is a method used to drive piles into the soil,
to provide foundation support for buildings and
structures. Piles can be fabricated from concrete, timber,
or steel. The piles act as a structural member to transfer
the load of the structure to a required depth in deep
foundations. Driving piles allows a structure to be placed
in an area that would otherwise be unsuitable given the
subsurface conditions. There are different types of
equipment used for pile driving in construction each of
the types, the features and applications are discussed
below.
 Pile Driving Equipments
• Types of Pile Driving Equipments
• Piling rigs.
• Rotary Drilling Rig
• Hydraulic impact pile hammer.
• Vibratory pile hammer
• Piling winches
.
Piling rigs
Piling rigs are mainly used to drill/create piles in soil,
clay, etc. It is widely used for cast-in-place piles,
diaphragm walls, and foundation reinforcement. It
consists of a tabular element or hard box, placed and
fixed on a crane base. Piling rigs in India come with
different features that can be utilized to dig within the
earth’s subsurface, making of the water wells, oil wells
or natural gas extraction wells, or to install sub-surface
fabrications. It is designed for multipurpose use and can
be equipped with special kits for different foundation
and geotechnical construction methods including,
drilled shafts, caissons, continuous flight auger,
diaphragm walls, etc.
Rotary Drilling Rig
Rotary Drilling Rig uses a sharp, rotating drill bit
and downward pressure to cut or crush,
through the subsurface. Impact energy is
supplied to the drill bit from either an above-
ground or down-hole impact hammer. This
impact force aids in the drilling. They can be
used in deeper depths and are capable of larger
diameter holes. Its feature include;
Hydraulic impact pile hammer
Hydraulic impact pile hammers are suitable for driving
steel tube pipes, sheet piles, precast concrete and
timber piles. The stroke and blow rates are adjustable
to optimize the pile driving performance in all
conditions. The ram weight can also be changed
according to pile type requirements. All this means
that one hammer serves efficiently a wide range of
different pile driving operations. The hammers can be
mounted on all kinds of pilling leaders or can be freely
suspended. It is suitable to be used as a leader
mounted on piling rigs and piling cranes as well as
crane suspended. Different features of this machine
utilized for Indian terrain includes;
Vibratory pile hammer
A vibratory hammer is used to drive sheet piles, pipes
or other elements into the soil by vertical vibrations.
The adjacent soil particles are put into motion and
thus the soil is ‘loosened’. The dynamic weight of the
hammer drives the elements into the soil. Apart from
driving and extracting elements such as sheet piles
and pipes, vibratory hammers are also used for soil
densifying or vertical drainage across multiple
projects in India. Its features include;
Piling winches
Piling winch is widely used in the construction
site, mine and port to hoist the object vertically.
This kind of hand control high-speed free rolling
winch can be used especially in the free fall
punching piling operation in the bridge, dock
and infrastructure construction project. It has a
special feature that the piling winch is the main
shaft rotating which is known as the rotating
shaft. It comes with added attachments like
Sludge Pumps, Casing of all sizes & all types,
Tripods, Chisels, Trimmie Hoppers etc. Piling
winches in India comes with features, such as,