Central Limit Theorem

CENTRAL
LIMIT
THEOREM
OBJECTIVES
1.Illustrates the Central Limit Theorem.
M11/12SP-IIIe-2
2. Solves problems involving sampling
distributions of the sample mean.
M11SP-IIIe-f-1
CLASSRO
OM RULES
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Activity 1: COMPLETE
ME!
A rowing team consists of four
rowers who weigh 152, 156, 160,
and 164 pounds. Find all possible
random samples of size two and
compute the sample mean for each
one.
Activity 2: CONSTRUCT
ME!
Construct a probability distribution of
the sample mean for the sample size
two drawn from the population of
four rowers. The probability
distribution is:
Activity 3: COMPARE ME!
Examine the two histograms. Think
critically about the comparison of the
histogram of the population and the
histogram of the sampling
distribution.
Population
0.33
0.17
0.17
0.17
154 156 158 160
Suppose we take samples of size 1,
5, 10, or 20 from a population that
consists entirely of the numbers 0
and 1, half the population 0, half 1,
so that the population mean is 0.5.
The Central Limit Theorem tells us
that as sample sizes get larger, the
sampling distribution of the mean
will become normally distributed,
even if the data within each sample
are not normally distributed.
This implies that the concept of the
standard error of the mean is very
significant, since it measures the
degree of accuracy of the sample
mean X̅ as an estimate of the
population mean μ.
As the sample size n increases, the
shape of the distribution of the sample
means taken from a population with
mean X̅ and standard deviation of s
will approach a normal distribution.
Thus, the distribution will have a mean
μ and standard deviation σ /√n.
The Central Limit Theorem
assures that no matter what the
shape of the population
distribution is, the sampling
distribution of the mean is closely
normally distributed whenever n is
large.
Consequently, it justifies the use of
the formula for the z-values when
computing for the probability that X̅
will take on a value within a given
range in the sampling distribution
Example:
The average time it takes a group of high
school students to complete a certain exam
is 46.2 minutes. The standard deviation is 8
minutes. If there are 50 randomly selected
students taking the examination, what is the
probability that the mean time it takes the
group to complete the test will be less than
43 minutes.
GROUP
ACTIVI
TY
Problem 1: A manufacturer of light bulbs
produces bulbs that last a mean of 950
hours with standard deviation of 120 hours.
What is the probability that the mean
lifetime of a random sample of 10 of these
bulbs is less than 900 hours?
Problem 2: A manufacturer of light bulbs
produces bulbs that last a mean of 950
hours with standard deviation of 120 hours.
What is the probability that the mean
lifetime of a random sample of 10 of these
bulbs is greater than 1050 hours?
Problem 3: The average public high school
has 468 students with a standard deviation
of 87. If a random sample of 38 public high
schools is selected, what is the probability
that the number of students enrolled is
greater than 440?
school is selected, what is the probability
between 445 and 485?
school is selected, what is the probability
between 468 and 490?
ASSESS
MENT
1. The numerical population of grade point averages
at a college has a mean 2.61 and standard deviation
0.5. If a random sample of size 100 is taken from
the population, what is the probability that the
sample mean will be between 2.51 and 2.71?
A. 0.9544 B. 0.9244
C.0.944 D. 0.9054
2. A prototype automotive tire has a
design life of 38,500 miles with a standard
deviation of 2,500 miles. Five such tires are
manufactured and tested, find the probability
that the sample mean will be less than 36,000
miles.
A. 0.0251 B. 0.0105
C. 0.0125 D. 0.2510
3. An automobile battery manufacturer claims that its
midgrade battery has a mean life of 50 months with a
standard deviation of 6 months. Suppose the distribution
of battery lives of this brand is approximately normal. On
the assumption that the manufacturer’s claims are true,
find the probability that a randomly selected battery of this
type will last less than 48 months.
A. 0.3707 B. 0.2525 C. 0.2565 D. 0.3525
4. On the same assumption in problem
number 3, find the probability that the mean
of a random sample of 36 such batteries will
be less than 48 months.
A. 0.0028 B. 0.2828
C. 0.0208 D. 0.0228
5. A population of 29-year-old males has a
mean salary of ₱29,321 with a standard
deviation of ₱2,120. If a sample of 100 men
is taken, what is the probability their mean
salaries will be less than ₱29,000?
A. 0.95 B. 0.10
C. 0.08 D. 0.07
ASSIG
NMEN
The Central Limit Theorem is important for statistics because it allows
T:
us to safely assume that the sampling distribution of the mean will be
normal in most cases. This means that we can take advantage of
statistical techniques that assume a normal distribution. And with this
information, as a Grade 11 students that would be taking a research
subject in Grade 12, how can you take advantage of this lesson?
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