STUDENT PROFILE

Name:-Sk Tammam Ali

Class-ix(9)
Roll:-30
Sub-geography
 DECLARATION
 This is to certify that present project work report is outcome of my own effort
and my indebtness to other publications or works which have been duly
acknowledged at the relevant place. I have taken proper care and shown
utmost sincerity in completion of this project.
 The project is prepared in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Indian
Certificate of Secondary Education(I.C.S.E).
 CERTIFICATE
 This is to certify that Sk Tammam Ali of Class-IX of Bharat Academy &
Sciences, Howrah has completed his project under my supervision. He has
taken proper care and shown utmost sincerity in completion of this project.
 I certify that his project is upto the mark and the guidelines issued by the
council.
 Sigature of Teacher:-
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I would like to express my special thanks to our Geography teacher, Shukla
Mam, whom gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on
“A POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON CURRENT ISSUES LIKE:-USE
OF EARTH RESOURCES/DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES/DANGERS OF
DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS LIKE
DROUGHTS,EARTHQUAKES,VOLCANOES,ETC.” and also helped me to
complete my project. I came to know about so many things while doing this
project. I am really thankful to her.
 Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a
lot in finalizing this project.
 topic
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON
CURRENT ISSUES LIKE:-USE OF EARTH
RESOURCES/DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITIES/DANGERS OF DEVELOPMENT
AND ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS LIKE
DROUGHTS,EARTHQUAKES,VOLCANOES,ETC
.
 Earth’s Natural Resources
The Earth is rich in natural resources that we use everyday. These resources are
any valuable material of geologic origin that can be extracted from the earth.

 Energy resources: A major natural resource that all humans rely on is

petroleum fuel (oil or natural gas). Petroleum is an earth material that forms
within the Earth and can be burned to produce heat and electricity or made into
gasoline. Other fuels are coal, uranium, and alternative energy (wind, tidal, solar).
 Nonmetallic resources: Another natural resource that is very important to us is
rock. We depend on sandstone, granite and other types of bedrock formed within
and on the Earth to build our schools, homes, and skyscrapers. We use the
mineral calcite as a main ingredient in cement and red clay to make bricks. We
use sand, gravel gypsum and sulfur in everyday items. Soil is yet another natural
resource that is necessary to support all plant life on Earth.
 Metallic resources: Iron, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, gold, silver and
many more are considered valuable resources that are vital for our modern
society
 Common Use of Earth’s Resources
 Common uses of natural resources are everywhere. It is nearly impossible to cease consuming natural or
geologic resources altogether. Here are just a few examples of things you commonly use, but probably don’t think
about:
 A pencil uses zinc and copper (to make the brass), petroleum for the eraser, iron (in the
machinery to make the pencil), pigments, clay and graphite. The only renewable resource
in your pencil is the wood!

 Your jeans, although they may be almost all cotton, are usually
blended with petroleum-based synthetic fibers to cut down on
shrinking
 The zipper on those same jeans is made out of copper and zinc.
 The dye in all your fabrics come from petroleum

 Eyeglasses and windows are made of quartz sand and

petroleum
 Dental fillings are made of mercury and silver
 Videotapes are made of vinyl and iron and chromium
 Nonrenewable vs. Renewable Resources
 Natural resources that can be replaced and reused by nature are termed renewable. Natural
resources that cannot be replaced are termed nonrenewable.
 Renewable resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater
than the rate at which they are used, and depletion is usually not a worry. Some common examples
include:
 Air (wind)
Fresh water
 Soil
 Living organisms (trees) TREE:A RENEWABLE RESOURCE
 Sunlight
Non-renewable resources are exhaustible and are extracted faster than the rate at which they formed.
Some common examples are:
 Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
 Diamonds and other precious gems and minerals
 Types of metals and ores
OIL:-A NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
 Nonrenewable vs. Renewable Resources
 Sometimes, however, renewable resources can be depleted if they are used too fast! Here are a few
examples of how this can happen:
 If an area undergoes severe deforestation and the soil erodes quickly,
this will deplete the land of fertile topsoil needed to support plant
growth, so trees and shrubs cannot grow back.
 If trees and vegetation are removed without being replanted, this
can have effects on the land, air, and water. Common effects include
runoff and water quality.
 While fresh water is a renewable resource, in some areas,
overpopulation and increased demand on the water supply,
lack of water conservation practices, and pollution of the
water source can cause water to become scarce. This is
especially a big problem in cities situated in dry areas. A
decrease in water availability can affect agriculture,
farmland, livestock, and other living organisms (including
humans) in the area.
 Humans and Pollution
 Unfortunately, humans have done more harm than good over the past 50 years by
contributing extreme amounts of pollution into Earth’s atmosphere, land, and water
ways. Pollution is anything that harms or degrades the natural environment.
 Water: The ocean supplies billions of living organisms and animals with nourishment
and is a sensitive ecosystem that can be polluted very easily. Oil spills, such as the
Exxon Juan-Valdez spill in 1989, can upset this delicate balance for decades to
WATER POLLUTION
centuries. The wetlands and salt marshes are also home to protected species and are
susceptible to the affects of pollution. It is easy to forget that all streams flow to the
oceans. People dumping trash in a mountains stream can affect plants and animals
(and humans) at the coast hundreds of miles away.
 Land: Landfills occur all over the U.S., and contaminants in the landfill can leach into
the nearby soils and groundwater, contaminating the ground we walk on and the
water we drink. Reservoirs and dams retain valuable sediment that would otherwise
LAND POLLUTION
make it to the coast, resulting in coastal erosion. They also prohibit fish migration
upstream and downstream.
 Atmosphere: We pollute the atmosphere mainly by burning fossil fuels. This produces
greater than 10 times the amount of greenhouse gases that make it to the atmosphere
through natural processes. The industrial revolution sparked the rise in manmade
air pollution and as a result, the world is now counting it’s “emission points.”
Pollution also comes from agriculture (animal waste), construction, and mining.
AIR pollution
 ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS
Droughts :
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall , leading to a shortage of
water is commonly known as drought.

Cyclones :
A system of winds rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure ,
with an anticlockwise ( northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern
hemisphere) circulation is known as cyclone.

Earthquakes :
A sudden violent shaking of ground , typically causing great destruction ,
as a result of movements within

Volcano :
A mountain or hill, typically conical the Earth’s crust or volcanic action is
known as earthquake., having a crater or vent through which lava , rock
fragments , hot vapour, and gas are erupted from earth’s crust is known as
volcano.
 ECOLOGICAL DISASTER
Floods :
An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits ,
especially over what is normally dry land is known as flood.

Landslides :
A collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff is known as
landslide .

Tornadoes :
A mobile , destructive vortex rotating winds having the appearance of a
funnel-shaped cloud and advancing beneath a large storm system is
known as tornado.
 CONCLUSION

This PowerPoint presentation goes forward to show the different types of resources on Earth,

the causes of pollution and the ecological disasters. One may gather knowledge about the

different types of resources and get to know of their uses. Whereas another may get to know

about the different ecological disasters on Earth. This presentation is a good source to know

about the mentioned topics.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

I have taken help of the following websites in completion of the project:-

 www.google.com

 www.wikipedia.com

 www.brainly.com

 www.toppr.com