HVAC Training

Engineering Process Outsourcing… Software Development…
Back Office Processes..

Geographical Information Systems…
India North America Middle East United Kingdom Australia
www.ramtech-corp.com
Quality Policy
Our commitment to excellence in providing our
customers with extremely accurate, reliable and
high performance products and services is the
key to our success and will be underlying tenet in
all our endeavors. Innovative systems, experience
and highly motivated skilled specialists ensure
cost-effective, on-time solutions that maximise
customer satisfaction and the value provided.
Implementation Approach
Live Project
Pilot Stage
Monitor/Control
Information
Process Design flow
Define Process,
Infrastructure Volume/Capacity
Steps,Volumes,
set-up reports
Systems and Implementation
SLA
Requirements
Quality
Training
Assurance
Process
Master Project
Management
Plan
RAMTeCH Domain
Engineering
Services
Strategic Software
GIS Services Business Development
Units
BPO Services
Introduction
 Established in the year 1992,
 Headquartered in New Delhi, India
 Multiple office locations in India and abroad
 Highly adept and dedicated team of over 1000
resources
 Execution of projects using the right combination of On-
site and Offshore development, resulting into
significant cost benefits and easy business R.O.I for our
clients and partners without compromising their
expectations
 High benchmarks in Delivering Consistent Quality,
Accurate and Time driven projects, heightening the
customer satisfaction and enhancing clientele.
 Expertise and Experience to Execute Complex and
Challenging Projects
ENGINEERING
PROCESS
OUTSOURCING
HVAC
HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING
SERVICES:
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEM:

 Portable air conditioning system (window units).
 Ducted Split system or DX system.
 package unit system.
 Central air conditioning system.
HVAC LAYOUTS:
 Ventilation Schematics.
 Chilled Water Schematics.
 Air Conditioning ducting.
 Ventilation ducting.
 Exhaust ducting.
ABBRIVATIONS:
A
AHU - AIR HANDLING UNIT
AD - ACCESS DOOR
AP - ACCEDD PANEL
ATT - ATTENUATOR
AFFL - ABOVE FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL
B
BL - BOTTOM LEVEL
BOP - BOTTOM OF DUCT
BOD - BOTTOM OF DUCT
BOU - BOTTOM OF UNIT
BTU - BRITISH THERMAL UNIT
C
C - DEGREES IN CENTIGRADE
CFM - CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE
CHWS - CHILLED WATER SUPPLY
CHWR - CHILLED WATER RETURN
D
DP - DRAIN POINT
DUC - DOOR UNDER CUT
E
EAD - EXHAUST AIR DUCT
ABBRIVATIONS:
F
FA or F/A - FROM ABOVE
Flex. - FLEXIBLE DUCT
FC - FALSE CEILING
FCU - FAN COIL UNIT
FD - FIRE DAMPER
FFL - FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL
FMS - FLOW MEASURING STATION
FAHU - FRESH AIR HANDLING UNIT
FAG - FRESH AIR GRILL
FAL - FRESH AIR LOUVER
F - DEGREES IN FAHRENHEIT
FPM - FEETPER MINUTE
G
GV - GATE VALVE
GPM - GALLONS PER MINUTE
H
HL - HIGH LEVEL
HP - HORSE POWER
I
IV - ISOLATING VALVE
IL - INVERT LEVEL
ABBRIVATIONS:
K
KED - KITCHEN EXHAUST DUCT
L
L/S - LETERS PER SECOND
LL - LOW LEVEL
N
NRD - NON RETURN DAMPER
N.T.S - NOT TO SCALE
O
OBD - OPPOSED BLADE DAMPER
R
RAR - RETURN AIR REGISTER
RALD - RETURN AIR LINEAR DIFFUSER
RLBG - RETURN LINEAR BAR GRILL
RPM - REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE
S
SAD - SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSER
RAD - RETURN AIR DIFFUSER
SALD - SUPPLY AIR LINEAR DIFFUSER
ABBRIVATIONS:
S
SAR - SUPPLY AIR REGISTER
STL - SAND TRAO LOUVER
SLBG - SUPPLYU LINEAR BAR GRILL
STR - STRAINER
SD - SMOKE DAMPER
SSL - STRUCTURAL SLAB LEVEL
T
TED - TOILET EXHAUST DUCT
TA or T/A - TO ABOVE
TB or T/B - TO BELOW
T - THERMOSTAT
U
U/G - UNDER GROUND
V
VD - VOLUME DAMPER
VCD - VOLUME CONTROL DAMPER
VAV - VARIABLE AIR VOLUME
DEFINATIONS :
AXIAL FAN : Type of fan where pressure is produced due to an increase
In air velocity thorough the rotating impeller. the air flow
through the fan is parallel to the impeller axis.
CENTRIFUGAL FAN : Type of fan where pressure and velocity are produced by the
centrifugal action of the rotating impeller and the velocity
of air leaving the tip of the impeller.
COMPRESSOR : A refrigerant compressor converts input electricity Into

mechanical energy In order to remove heat from air.
CONDENSER : The heat exchanger In a mechanical refrigeration cycle.

it removes heat from the hot, high pressure refrigerant
vapor. the removal of heat converts the vapor into a liquid.
CHILLER : A machine which uses mechanical shaft energy to chill water

through the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Chillers can
be air or water cooled , and typically have centrifugal,
reciprocating or screw compressors.
CONDENSATION : Condensation occurs when water vapor is converted to liquid.
COOLING COIL : A coil which is used to lower the temperature of an air stream.
heat is transferred from the air stream to chilled water or
refrigerant circulating through the coil tubes.
DEFINATIONS :
DUCT : A passageway made of galvanized sheet metal or other
suitable material that is used to distribute the air needed
to heat, ventilate, or cool the conditioned spaces.
DAMPER : A devise used to control the flow of air within a duct.
DEHUMIDIFICATION: Process where moisture is removed from the air.
DEHUMIDIFIER : A devise which removes moisture from the air.
DIFFUSER : A devise which evenly distributes high velocity supply air into
the conditioned space.
DISTRIBUTION : The transport of conditioned air or water throughout a facility.

Also refers to the equipment which performs this function.
DUCT : A passageway made of galvanized sheet metal or other

suitable
DEFINATIONS :
EXHAUST AIR : Building air which is expelled of “exhausted” from the building
to balance the incoming fresh outside air, Exhaust sir removes
airborne contaminants.
FAN COIL UNITS : Fan coil units (FCU) are typically mounted In the ceiling at
each zone and contain a blower, air filter, and water coil
or coils.
FILTER : A devise which removes particulate contaminants from an

air stream.
HEATING COIL : A coil used to increase the temperature of an air stream.

heat is transferred to the air stream from hot water circulating
through the coil tubes.
PACKAGED UNITS : HVAC units that contain all components for a complete air
cooled refrigeration cycle in one unit.
PLENUM : An enclosure that is part of the air distribution system and is

distinguished by having almost uniform air pressure.
BOTTOM OF PIPE : BOP is the distance between the finished floor level to the
bottom of the pipe.
BOTTOM OF DUCT : BOD is the distance between the finished floor level to the
bottom of the duct.
HVAC:
A simple definition of air conditioning is the simultaneous

control of Temperature , humidity, air movement,
and the quality air in a space.
The human body may be compared to a furnace using food as fuel.

Its individual comfort depends upon how fast or how slow the body Loses or gains heat.
Proper air circulation in a conditioned space is essential for maintaining good comfort.
Proper circulation of the air will absorb heat and
moisture uniformly throughout the entire room. It is also important that air movement be
gentle so as not to cause Objectionable drafts.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM: Drawings from
consultant
Structural Services design

Arch. drawings
drawings drawings
Comments Shop drawings

updated (ISD Dwgs.)
Rejected
Approved
MEP Coordination
Drawings
(CSD Dwgs.)
Approved
Builders work
drawings
As built drawings
DESIGN GUIDE ORGANIZATION :
The Design Guide is organized around eight design areas that help achieve a high-
performance HVAC system.
Integrated design describes an approach to the design of a small commercial buildings

that provides high performance with minimal first cost impacts.
Unit sizing provides information on right-sizing HVAC systems to improve efficiency and
reduce first costs.
Unit selection provides information on features to look for when specifying packaged
rooftop equipment.
Distribution systems provides information on the design of the HVAC distribution system
to minimize fan energy consumption, duct leakage and improve comfort.
Ventilation provides information on how to provide adequate ventilation to commercial

building spaces without excessive energy costs.
Thermostats and controls provides information on control system selection and

installation for small rooftop systems.
Commissioning provides information on commissioning procedures to ensure the building

as constructed meets the intent of the designer.
Operations and maintenance provides information on recommended operations and

maintenance practices to preserve system efficiency and performance over time.
PORTABLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM:
Window air conditioner
*Many traditional air conditioners in use are single rectangular units (window mounted)
*These are compressor based refrigerant system that uses air to exchange heat, with this type of
system
the air is dehumidified as it is cooled.
*Normally outside air is used to cool the condenser section for this reason these units are placed in
windows or through openings in a wall.
*These are for small capacity cooling loads (usually upto2.5 Ton)
PACKAGE UNIT SYSTEM:
*Package units located on roof
*Package units system: All components (condenser, compressor and the evaporator) are located in a
single outdoor unit that may be located on the ground floor are on the roof floor.
*Package unit system doesn’t need chilled or refrigerant pipe connections they act as independent
cooling system
Ducted split (DX system):
Input drawing Output drawing
*In ducted split system the condenser and compressor are located In an outdoor unit and the
evaporator is mounted in the indoor unit.
*When air conditioner is turned on, room air is drawn from various parts of the room through return
air outlets. this air is pulled through a filter where airborne particles such as dust and lint are removed.
the filtered air routed to supply duct through FCU back to the room.
*Condenser unit is connected to the indoor unit through refrigerant pipes.
Ducted split (DX system):
Typical ducted split units

arrangement
Central air conditioning system:
*In ducted split system the condenser and compressor are located In an outdoor unit and the
evaporator is mounted in the indoor unit.
*When air conditioner is turned on, room air is drawn from various parts of the room through return
air outlets. this air is pulled through a filter where airborne particles such as dust and lint are removed.
the filtered air routed to supply duct through FCU back to the room.
*Condenser unit is connected to the indoor unit through refrigerant pipes.
AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU):
Air handling unit is a devise used as part of a

HVAC system. usually, an air handler is a large
metal box Containing a blower, heating and or
cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound
attenuators, and Dampers.
Air handling units usually connect to ductwork that
OUTPUT DRAWING distributes the conditioned air through the
building, and returns to the unit .
AHU are mounted on anti vibration pads.
While placing AHU, maintenance place should be
taken in to consideration to the left or to the right
side of the unit
INPUT DRAWING
AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU):
Access doors:
Access doors are provided for fire dampers as they need inspecting and testing.
These access doors are fitted to the duct vertically down are on either side of the duct.
THERMOSTAT:
Input drawing Output drawing
*Thermostats control the operation of HVAC systems.

*Turning on and off, or modulating, the heating or cooling systems to bring the building to the set
temperature.
*Usually thermostat location is as shown in the design drawing (input drawing). other wise it has to shown
near to the return grill area and near to the door.
SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSER:
OUTPUT DRAWING
Supply air diffusers or square diffusers are the most common air outlets that we may found in air
conditioning.
Available standard sizes of SAD are 150x150, 225x225, 300x300, 375x375, 450x450, etc.,
Factors to be considered while designing SAD sizes are cfm ,noise level, through area, type of false
ceiling.
RETURN or EXHAUST AIR DIFFUSER:
INPUT DRAWING OUTPUT DRAWING
Return air diffusers (RAD) or Extract air diffusers (EAD) are available in standard sizes of 150x150,
225x225, 300x300, 375x375, 450x450, etc.,
Factors to be considered while designing RAD or EAD sizes are cfm ,noise level, type of false ceiling.
SAMPLE CHILLED WATER PUMP ROOM LAYOUT AND SECTIONS:
FAN COIL UNIT (FCU):
A fan coil unit is, just as the name implies, a small unit with a fan and a chilled and/or heating water coil
enclosed in a common cabinet. fan coil units are usually small enough to be located in the space that
they serve.
Fan coil units typically have a small fan, fan motor, filters, a single water coil, and controls mounted
inside a decorative cabinet.
FCU are usually located in bath rooms, toilets are in kitchens.
VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV):
INPUT DRAWING OUTPUT DRAWING
VAV is an all air HVAC system that has relatively fixed supply air temperature, but the volumetric flow
Rate of air varies to meet the thermal load.
FLEXIBLE DUCTS:
FLEXIBLE DUCTS CONNECTED TO DIFFUSERS
DAMPERS:
MOTORISED DAMPERS
Ducting systems must provide a method of adjusting the volume of air flow to various parts of the system.
Balancing , flow-control, and fire/smoke dampers provide this function. besides the regulation provided at
the registers or diffusers that spread air into individual rooms, dampers can be fitted within the ducts
themselves. These dampers may be manual or automatic.
FLEXIBLE DUCTCONNECTION DETAILS:
Flex duct connections to a diffuser from a main The flex duct used in this connection is too
Branch showing smooth duct routing without long, resulting in kinking at the branch
kinks or compression. connection and duct length compression.
To avoid kinking, maintain a bend radius at Support flex duct at minimum 5 ft intervals, with
least equal to the duct diameter. hanging straps at least 2 in. wide.
BASIC DESIGN OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM:
OUTPUT:HVAC LAYOUT 3D (ABS) :
OUTPUT:EQUIPMENT (AHU) 3D (ABS) :
OUTPUT:CHILLED & HOT WATER
CONNECTION 3D (ABS) :
OUTPUT:COORDINATED LAYOUT:
OUTPUT:COORDINATED LAYOUT 3D (ABS) :
FIRE DAMPER:
INPUT DRAWING
STANDARD DETAIL OUTPUT DRAWING

*Fire dampers are used to isolate the fire by stopping the flow of air when there is any fire hazard.
*In most of the cases access doors are shown with fire dampers.
*Connecting duct shall not be continuous thru the wall or floor opening but shall terminate at the sleeve.
*sleeves shall extend a maximum of 6”(150mm) on either side of the wall or floor opening or 16” (400mm)
on one side when incorporating a factory installed access door.
*The maximum size of the opening shall be 2”(50mm) larger in either dimension than the allowable
minimum size. for example a sleeve dimension of 36”x12”(900x300) shall be of 38”x14”(950x350).
*Installation shall be in accordance with appropriate requirements of the national fire Protection
Association Standard NFPA.
STANDARD DETAILS:
TYPICAL DUCT JOINT VERTICAL DUCT SUPPORT

DETAILS IN SHAFT RISERS
SECTIONS
:
Abbreviations:
BOD : Bottom Of Duct

BOP : Bottom Of Pipe
BOFC : Bottom Of False Ceiling
S.S.L : Structural Slab Level
F.F.L : Finished Floor Level
BOCT : Bottom of Cable Tray
BOB : Bottom of Beams
TYPICAL SECTION
Sections must be shown to have better idea of the services where they are fouling.
First check the distance between S.S.L to S.S.L in this case it is 4650mm.
Check the height from F.F.L to bottom of the slab in this case it is 4225mm.
False ceiling is at 3000mm, so we have 1175mm to run all our services.
As a general rule we should run all the drainage pipes just below the slab.
All ducts can be run minimum 150mm above false ceiling.
SUPPLY AIR DUCT:
Duct which carries conditioned air from FCU or AHU or FAHU is called supply air duct.
This duct must be properly insulated with insulation (normally fiber glass wool ), insulation will be 25mm
Thick if the duct is internal and 50mm thick if duct is exposed to sun.
CHILLERS:
A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a

liquid via a vapor-compressor or absorption
refrigeration cycle.
Most often water is chilled, this chilled water is used
OUTPUT DRAWING to cool and dehumidify air in mid-to large
commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities.
Most chillers are weather proof.
Chilled water is distributed to heat exchangers,
FCU’s, AHU’s, FAHU’s and used water is returned to
the chiller.
Chiller is a huge machine and makes lot of noise, so
these are mounted on concrete foundations with
inertia base system
INPUT DRAWING
CHILLERS:
EXPANSION JOINT:
Buildings will have expansion joints. services which are crossing these expansion joint must be provided
SAND TRAP LOUVER (STL):
Turning vanes in rectangular duct elbow reduce

pressure drop and turbulence
VOLUME CONTROL DAMPER
{VD}:
INPUT DRAWING
OUTPUT DRAWING
TYPICAL CONNECTIONS
SHOE NECK CONNECTION
SPLITTER DAMPPER

HVAC Training

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HVAC Training

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HVAC Training

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Engineering Process Outsourcing… Software Development…

Back Office Processes..

India North America Middle East United Kingdom Australia

TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEM:

COMPRESSOR : A refrigerant compressor converts input electricity Into

CONDENSER : The heat exchanger In a mechanical refrigeration cycle.

CHILLER : A machine which uses mechanical shaft energy to chill water

CONDENSATION : Condensation occurs when water vapor is converted to liquid.

DAMPER : A devise used to control the flow of air within a duct.

DEHUMIDIFICATION: Process where moisture is removed from the air.

DEHUMIDIFIER : A devise which removes moisture from the air.

DISTRIBUTION : The transport of conditioned air or water throughout a facility.

DUCT : A passageway made of galvanized sheet metal or other

FILTER : A devise which removes particulate contaminants from an

HEATING COIL : A coil used to increase the temperature of an air stream.

PLENUM : An enclosure that is part of the air distribution system and is

A simple definition of air conditioning is the simultaneous

The human body may be compared to a furnace using food as fuel.

Structural Services design

Comments Shop drawings

Integrated design describes an approach to the design of a small commercial buildings

Ventilation provides information on how to provide adequate ventilation to commercial

Thermostats and controls provides information on control system selection and

Commissioning provides information on commissioning procedures to ensure the building

Operations and maintenance provides information on recommended operations and

Window air conditioner

*Package units located on roof

Input drawing Output drawing

Typical ducted split units

Air handling unit is a devise used as part of a

Input drawing Output drawing

*Thermostats control the operation of HVAC systems.

INPUT DRAWING OUTPUT DRAWING

INPUT DRAWING OUTPUT DRAWING

FLEXIBLE DUCTS CONNECTED TO DIFFUSERS

STANDARD DETAIL OUTPUT DRAWING

TYPICAL DUCT JOINT VERTICAL DUCT SUPPORT

BOD : Bottom Of Duct

A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a

Turning vanes in rectangular duct elbow reduce

SHOE NECK CONNECTION

You might also like