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    MSP Automatic-Street-Light-Using-Ldr

    Uploaded by

    jigyasa Bhardwaj
    This document describes an automatic street light circuit that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to sense light levels and control a relay switch. When light levels are high, the LDR has low resistance which keeps a transistor on and prevents the relay from activating. At night when light levels drop, the LDR's resistance increases which turns the transistor off and activates the relay to power the street light. The circuit uses additional components like a voltage regulator, fuse, resistors and transistors to operate the relay and light based on the LDR sensor. The automatic light can be used to implement night lights and has applications in street lighting, alarms, and automatic lighting controls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MSP Automatic-Street-Light-Using-Ldr

    Uploaded by

    jigyasa Bhardwaj
    63 views16 pages
    This document describes an automatic street light circuit that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to sense light levels and control a relay switch. When light levels are high, the LDR has low resistance which keeps a transistor on and prevents the relay from activating. At night when light levels drop, the LDR's resistance increases which turns the transistor off and activates the relay to power the street light. The circuit uses additional components like a voltage regulator, fuse, resistors and transistors to operate the relay and light based on the LDR sensor. The automatic light can be used to implement night lights and has applications in street lighting, alarms, and automatic lighting controls.

    Original Description:

    Sutomatic street light

    Original Title

    msp automatic-street-light-using-ldr-ppt

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document describes an automatic street light circuit that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to sense light levels and control a relay switch. When light levels are high, the LDR has low resistance which keeps a transistor on and prevents the relay from activating. At night when light levels drop, the LDR's resistance increases which turns the transistor off and activates the relay to power the street light. The circuit uses additional components like a voltage regulator, fuse, resistors and transistors to operate the relay and light based on the LDR sensor. The automatic light can be used to implement night lights and has applications in street lighting, alarms, and automatic lighting controls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    63 views16 pages

    MSP Automatic-Street-Light-Using-Ldr

    Uploaded by

    jigyasa Bhardwaj
    This document describes an automatic street light circuit that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to sense light levels and control a relay switch. When light levels are high, the LDR has low resistance which keeps a transistor on and prevents the relay from activating. At night when light levels drop, the LDR's resistance increases which turns the transistor off and activates the relay to power the street light. The circuit uses additional components like a voltage regulator, fuse, resistors and transistors to operate the relay and light based on the LDR sensor. The automatic light can be used to implement night lights and has applications in street lighting, alarms, and automatic lighting controls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

     

    AUTOMATIC STREET
    LIGHT
    Using LDR

    Submitted To: Submitted By:


    Dr. Anand Jigyasa Bhardwaj
    Content
     INTRODUCTION
     BLOCK DIAGRAM
     RELAY
     VOLTAGE REGULATOR
     FUSE
     LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
     RESISTOR
     TRANSISTOR
     BATTERY
     APPLICATIONS
     DISADVANTAGES
    ABSTRACT
     A street light that automatically switches ON when the night falls and
    turns OFF when the sun rises.
     In fact we can use this circuit for implementing any type of automatic
    night light.
     The circuit uses a LDR to sense the light .
     When there is light the resistance of LDR will be low.
     So the voltage drop across POT R2 will be high.This keeps the transistor
    Q1 ON. The collector of Q1(BC107) is coupled to base of Q2(SL100).
     So Q2 will be OFF and so do the relay. The bulb will remain OFF.
     When night falls the resistance of LDR increases to make the voltage
    across the POT R2 to decrease below 0.6V.
     This makes transistor Q1 OFF which in turn makes Q2 ON. The relay
    will be energized and the bulb will glow.
    BLOCK DIAGRAM
    Relay
     Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits
    electrically and connect them magnetically.
     They are very useful devices and allow one circuit to switch another one while
    they are completely separate.
     They are often used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a low
    voltage) to an electrical circuit which works at very high voltage.
     For example, a relay can make a 5V DC battery circuit to switch a 230V AC
    mains circuit. Thus a small sensor circuit can drive, say, a fan or an electric
    bulb.
     A relay switch can be divided into two parts: input and output.
    VOLTAGE REGULATOR
     It is a voltage regulator (7805) integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx
    series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may
    have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output.
     The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value.
    The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. It
    provides +9V regulated power supply.
     Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins
    depending upon the respective voltage levels.
    FUSE[1A]
     Fuse is an electronics safety device placed in a circuit consisting of a
    replaceable plug or tube containing wire or metal that will melt and
    break the circuit if the current exceeds a specified amperage.
     Blow a fuse: to cause an electrical fuse to melt.
    LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
     An LDR (Light dependent resistor), as its name suggests, offers
    resistance in response to the ambient light.
     The resistance decreases as the intensity of incident light increases,
    and vice versa.
     In the absence of light, LDR exhibits a resistance of the order of mega-
    ohms which decreases to few hundred ohms in the presence of light.
     It can act as a sensor, since a varying voltage drop can be obtained in
    accordance with the varying light.
     It is made up of cadmium sulphide (CdS). 
     An LDR has a zigzag cadmium sulphide track. It is a bilateral device,
    i.e., conducts in both directions in same fashion.
    RESISTOR

     Resistor is a passive component used to control current in a


    circuit.
     Its resistance is given by the ratio of voltage applied across its
    terminals to the current passing through it.
     Thus a particular value of resistor, for fixed voltage, limits the
    current through it.
     They are omnipresent in electronic circuits.  
     Resistors can be either fixed or variable.
     The low power resistors are comparatively smaller in size than
    high power resistors.
    TRANSISTOR
     BC107 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor, stands for transfer
    of resistance, is commonly used to amplify current.
     A small current at its base controls a larger current at collector & emitter
    terminals.
     BC107 is mainly used for amplification and switching purposes. It has a
    maximum current gain of 800.
     The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired
    region of its characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing.
     The voltage divider is the commonly used biasing mode.
     For switching applications, transistor is biased so that it remains fully on if
    there is a signal at its base.
     In the absence of base signal, it gets completely off.
    TRANSISTOR[SL100]

     SL100 is a general purpose, medium power NPN transistor. It is mostly used


    as switch in common emitter configuration.
     The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired
    region of its characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing.
     For switching applications, SL100 is biased in such a way that it remains
    fully on if there is a signal at its base. In the absence of base signal, it gets
    turned off completely.
      The emitter leg of SL100 is indicated by a protruding edge in the transistor
    case. The base is nearest to the emitter while collector lies at other extreme of
    the casing.
    BATTERY
     It is a collection of one or more electrochemical cells in which stored chemical
    energy is converted into electrical energy.
     One half cell houses the Anode to which the positive ions migrate from the
    Electrolyte and the other houses the Cathode to which the negative ones drift.
     The two cells are may be connected via a semi permeable membranous
    structure allowing ions to flow but not the mixing of electrolytes as in the case
    of most primary cells or in the same solution as in secondary cells.  
     The performance of the cell continues to dip gradually as the concentration of
    ions in the solutions decrease, marked by an increase in internal resistance
    eventually leading to the exhaustion of the battery.
    Applications
    Photo resistors are applied, most of which involve recognizing
    the presence of light.
    Photo resistors are also used in digital cameras to perceive how
    much light camera sees and adjust the picture quality
    accordingly.
    They are also used in some clocks, alarms, and other electronic
    devices that are semi-dependent on sunlight.
    Smoke detection.
    Automatic lighting control.
    Burglar alarm systems.
    Camera (electronic shutter).
    Strobe (color temperature reading).
    13
    Disadvantages
    Can be more intricate to align detector pairs.
    Is sensitive to ambient light and require careful
    shielding.
    Photo resistors are only sensitive to light and no other
    force can power it without risking damage. Also, they
    are unable to detect low light levels and may take a
    few seconds to deliver a charge while their electrons
    build up momentum.

    14
    References
    www.google.com
    www.wikipedia.com
    www.studymafia.org
    Thanks

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