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    Ex 07 Climbing

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    Mrunali Mhatre
    1. There are different climb techniques used for various situations, such as best angle of climb for obstacle clearance and best rate of climb to minimize time close to the ground. 2. Factors like air density, weight, flaps, winds, and mixture all affect an aircraft's climb performance. Proper use of these factors and flight controls allows for optimal climbing. 3. The correct procedure for entering a climb involves applying full power after establishing a nose-up attitude, then trimming to relieve control pressures and maintaining focus outside the aircraft.

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    Ex 07 Climbing

    Uploaded by

    Mrunali Mhatre
    51 views22 pages
    1. There are different climb techniques used for various situations, such as best angle of climb for obstacle clearance and best rate of climb to minimize time close to the ground. 2. Factors like air density, weight, flaps, winds, and mixture all affect an aircraft's climb performance. Proper use of these factors and flight controls allows for optimal climbing. 3. The correct procedure for entering a climb involves applying full power after establishing a nose-up attitude, then trimming to relieve control pressures and maintaining focus outside the aircraft.

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    1. There are different climb techniques used for various situations, such as best angle of climb for obstacle clearance and best rate of climb to minimize time close to the ground. 2. Factors like air density, weight, flaps, winds, and mixture all affect an aircraft's climb performance. Proper use of these factors and flight controls allows for optimal climbing. 3. The correct procedure for entering a climb involves applying full power after establishing a nose-up attitude, then trimming to relieve control pressures and maintaining focus outside the aircraft.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    51 views22 pages

    Ex 07 Climbing

    Uploaded by

    Mrunali Mhatre
    1. There are different climb techniques used for various situations, such as best angle of climb for obstacle clearance and best rate of climb to minimize time close to the ground. 2. Factors like air density, weight, flaps, winds, and mixture all affect an aircraft's climb performance. Proper use of these factors and flight controls allows for optimal climbing. 3. The correct procedure for entering a climb involves applying full power after establishing a nose-up attitude, then trimming to relieve control pressures and maintaining focus outside the aircraft.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    EX 07 - CLIMBING

    AIM
    • Learning how to initiate climbs to altitude and at different airspeeds
    • How to safely level off at specific altitudes
    MOTIVATION
    1.Climbing to different altitude for weather
    2.To avoid traffic
    3.After take off
    LINK
    • Attitudes and movements
    TKT
    • Show me a nose up attitude
    • How would you trim off back pressure on the control column?
    • What two factors control aircraft performance?
    • What is asymmetric thrust?
    • What is air density and how does it affect the performance of your airplane?
    WHAT IS CLIMBING
    • This is the process of gaining altitude by the use of the flight controls and engine power.
    • Climbs can be flown at different speeds. Each airspeed will provide a different
    performance and are used in different situations.
    • We will use all primary flight controls to climb
    • Ailerons: to maintain wings level
    • Elevators: pitch up the nose of the aircraft to increase lift
    • Rudder: Control yaw ( Asymetric thrust, slipstream)
    FORCES ON A PLANE
    FORCES WHILE CLIMBING
    Procedures to climb
    • Look around for other aircraft, especially in the area ahead and above

    • Select a visual reference (cloud) to maintain a constant heading

    1. ATTITUDE : Establish a nose-up attitude


    2 POWER : Due to momentum, transition from cruise airspeed to climb airspeed is
    gradual. Once you have established the desired nose-up attitude, apply full power.    
                       
    3. Trim: Trim the aircraft to relieve control pressure.
    • A P T = Attitude - Power - Trim
    CLIMB RECOVERY
    • A – ATTITUDE : Set cruise attitude
    • P – POWER : Set cruise power
    • T – TRIM : Trim to relieve pressure

    When to start levelling off, rule of thumb is 10% of VSI


    Ex 10% of 500 ft/min = 50 ft early
    POH 4-7

    TYPES OF CLIMB FTM 54

    • BEST ANGLE OF CLIMB (Vx) • BEST RATE OF CLIMB  (Vy)


    • Airspeed that provides the greatest gain in • Airspeed that provides the greatest gain of
    height in the shortest distance  height in the shortest period of time

    • Used for Obstacle Clearance • Used after take-off to minimize the time
    flying close to the ground and / over
    populated areas
    C172S : 62 knots indicated 

    C172S : 74 knots indicated


    NORMAL CLIMB
    • Airspeed used under normal circumstances of flying
    • Higher than the best angle of climb (Vx) and Best rate of climb (Vy)
    • Forward visibility is improved relatively, proper engine cooling because of the higher
    airspeed
    • Used when there is no restriction of distance or time to climb
    • C172s : 75 - 85 knots indicated airspeed
    FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMB
    1.AIR DENSITY
    2.FLAPS
    3.WIND
    4.WEIGHT

    5.MIXTURE
    AIR DENSITY
    • As the air density decreases (High Density Altitude) the performance of the
    aircraft decreases too

    • The maximum RPM the engine can produce will be reduced with a less dense air   
    (less power and less thrust available to climb)

    • Density of the air decreases as :


    • Height increases 
    • Temperature increases 
    • Moisture in the air increases
    FLAPS
    • C172s : for a constant airspeed, 10 of flaps are used to maximize / steepen the angle of
    climb (more lift at low airspeeds ). Initial climb of a take-off with an obstacle at the end of
    the runway.
    • C172: flap extension greater than 10 will increase drag significantly, reducing the rate
    and angle of climb
    • Flaps should be retracted as soon as there is no operational requirement and all obstacles
    have been cleared.
    WINDS
    WEIGHT
    •Effects of weight on climb performance p.27
    FTGU Explanation
    •The ability of an aircraft to climb is dependent
    on the extra power that is available from the
    engine when in straight and level flight
    •In level flight, the aircraft accelerates because
    of an excess power over what is required  to
    maintain a steady speed.          
    •This is the same excess power used to climb
    MIXTURE
    • Leaning the mixture during a climb will increase engine output
    • Always determine density altitude to make informed decision about the use of mixture
    • Use checklist to compete cockpit checks before
    initiating a climb 
    • Before establishing a nose up attitude, look out for
    other traffic, especially straight ahead and above
    you.
    • Reduce the pitch attitude every 500 ft to scan for
    SAFETY traffic and to allow for some engine cooling.
    • Spend most of the time looking outside the
    airplane, gaze instruments just to confirm
    information.
    • Transfer of control during training
    • Optimum performance on climbs can be achieved
    with different speeds.
    • Ability of an aircraft to climb depends on the extra
    power/ thrust that is available on the engine  when
    in straight and level flight.
    CONCLUSI • All flight controls are used during a climb. Ailerons
    to control direction , rudders to control yaw and
    ON elevators to pitch the nose up.
    • Note A P T for climb 
    • Use trim to keep a constant airspeed during the
    climb. A P T
    • What is the correct procedure to enter a climb?
    • By how much do we need to anticipate the level off
    procedure to return to straight and level flight?

    REVIEW • What is the difference between best rate and best


    angle?

    QUESTIO • For a given airspeed, what is the effect of wind on


    angle and rate of climb?

    NS • For a constant airspeed, what is the effect of 10


    flaps on a C172s on the angle and rate of climb?

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