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Lecture 1

This document provides an overview of bridge design for a course titled CE 417: Design of Bridges. It discusses key topics like bridge components, types of bridges, selection criteria, and design codes. The main components of a bridge include the superstructure (deck and girders), substructure (piers and abutments), and foundations. Common bridge types are categorized based on materials, structural form, and span length. Selection depends on geological conditions, hydrological data, and roadway characteristics. Design must follow the specifications in codes like BS 5400.

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Joha
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84 views

Lecture 1

This document provides an overview of bridge design for a course titled CE 417: Design of Bridges. It discusses key topics like bridge components, types of bridges, selection criteria, and design codes. The main components of a bridge include the superstructure (deck and girders), substructure (piers and abutments), and foundations. Common bridge types are categorized based on materials, structural form, and span length. Selection depends on geological conditions, hydrological data, and roadway characteristics. Design must follow the specifications in codes like BS 5400.

Uploaded by

Joha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 417: Design of Bridges ( 2 units)

Presenter: Mr. Jabiri Said


Assessment: 2 Tests + 2 Assignments = 30%
contents
Introduction to Bridges
Bridge loads and load Analysis
Design and detailing of Superstructure
Design of substructure
Design of bridge foundations
Principles of Bridge Maintenance
1.0 Introduction to Bridges

Definition of a bridge
Types of bridges
Selection of Bridges
Bridge components
Bridge codes/specifications
1.1 What is a bridge?
A bridge is a structure to carry loads over a depression
or obstruction.
These includes rivers, valleys, roads or highways.
It is a key element in transportation system as it controls
both volumes and weight of the traffic.
It is also expensive element in transportation system.
1.2 Types of bridges
 Function (usage) – Highway, Railway, pedestrians,
pipelines etc.
 Materials used – Timber, masonry, steel, concrete, pre
stressed concrete , composite bridges etc.
 Structural form – slabs, beams, truss, arches, cable
stayed or suspension bridges.
 Span length – culverts (<8m), minor bridges ( 8 to 30m),
major bridges (30 to 120m) or long span bridges (>
120m).
 Position of the deck- Deck, half through, through bridges
Truss bridge
ARCH BRIDGE
Cable stayed
suspension
Deck truss bridge
1.3 Criteria for selection of bridges
Geological conditions
Road approach characteristics
Hydrological data
1.3.1 Geological conditions
 The foundation soil on the site determines type of
abutments and piers to be used such as spread footing,
driven piles or drilled shafts.
 The potential for seismic activity at a site should also be a
part of the subsurface investigation. If seismicity is high,
the substructure details will change, affecting the
superstructure loads as well
 Drainage conditions below the ground influence the
magnitude of earth pressure and stability of cut or fill.
1.3.2 Road Approach Characteristics
 The bridges is designed to carry present and future
volumes of traffic.
 Dictates the no. of lanes, need for side walks or bike
paths, whether width of a bridge include medians,
drainage of surface runoff and wearing surface.
1.3.3 Hydrological data
 River characteristics influences the dimensions of the
bridges.
 These bridge dimensions include height of bridge piers,
abutments etc.
 The bridge must continue to function during periods of
high water and not impose severe constriction to flow of
water or debris.
Debris
1.4 Bridge Componenets
 Superstructure
Decks
Beams/Girders
Bearings

 Substructure
Piers
Abutments
Foundations
Parts of a bridge
Parts of a bridge
1.4.1 Decks
 Part of bridge to which live loads applied and transmit to
members below it
 .Provides a smooth and safe riding surface for traffic utilizing
the bridge.
 Materials commonly used are timber, concrete or steel.
 Wearing course is applied on top to protect it from
weathering agents and effects of vehicular traffic.
1.4.2 Girders/ Beams
 Mainly consists of floor system and main supporting
members.
 Floor system may consists of longitudinal (main) girders.
Cross girders (stringers) or diaphragms
 Transmit loads to the substructure.
1.4.3 Bearings
 Provides an interface between superstructure and
substructure.
 Functions:
Transmit loads to the substructure
Permit longitudinal movements of superstructure due to
thermal expansion and contraction
Allow rotations caused by loads deflections.
 Bearings can be fixed (do not allow translational movement)
or expansion (allow both displacement and rotation)
 Types of bearing are sliding plate, roller, rocker, elastomaric
etc.
Roller parts
1.4.3 Abutments

 Provides supports to the ends of a superstructure.


 Also retain roadway approach embankments.
Bridge seat
backwall

stem

footing
abutments
1.4.4 Piers
Provides intermediate supports.
Types of piers are solid shaft pier, column pier,
Hammerhead pier.
Solid shaft pier
1.4.5 Design Codes/Specifications
Design codes/specifications are collection of work
description upon which there is a mutual agreement of the
most experienced group of people based upon their practical
and theoretical knowledge.
Design codes results into economical and quality bridge
structures.
In this course, design bridge code which is to be used is BS
5400.

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