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    Cell Bio Chapter 4 - Few Slides

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    This document summarizes the history of models of the cell membrane structure. It describes the early lipid bilayer model proposed by Gorter and Grendel in 1925 based on their experiments on red blood cells. The Danielli-Daveson sandwich model from 1935 proposed that the membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer lined by protein layers. Robertson's 1957 unit membrane model modified this to show a trilaminar appearance. The currently accepted fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 depicts the membrane as a fluid lipid bilayer with embedded and peripheral proteins that can move laterally.

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    Cell Bio Chapter 4 - Few Slides

    Uploaded by

    Gute
    77 views11 pages
    This document summarizes the history of models of the cell membrane structure. It describes the early lipid bilayer model proposed by Gorter and Grendel in 1925 based on their experiments on red blood cells. The Danielli-Daveson sandwich model from 1935 proposed that the membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer lined by protein layers. Robertson's 1957 unit membrane model modified this to show a trilaminar appearance. The currently accepted fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 depicts the membrane as a fluid lipid bilayer with embedded and peripheral proteins that can move laterally.

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    Cell Bio Chapter 4---Few Slides

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    This document summarizes the history of models of the cell membrane structure. It describes the early lipid bilayer model proposed by Gorter and Grendel in 1925 based on their experiments on red blood cells. The Danielli-Daveson sandwich model from 1935 proposed that the membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer lined by protein layers. Robertson's 1957 unit membrane model modified this to show a trilaminar appearance. The currently accepted fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 depicts the membrane as a fluid lipid bilayer with embedded and peripheral proteins that can move laterally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    77 views11 pages

    Cell Bio Chapter 4 - Few Slides

    Uploaded by

    Gute
    This document summarizes the history of models of the cell membrane structure. It describes the early lipid bilayer model proposed by Gorter and Grendel in 1925 based on their experiments on red blood cells. The Danielli-Daveson sandwich model from 1935 proposed that the membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer lined by protein layers. Robertson's 1957 unit membrane model modified this to show a trilaminar appearance. The currently accepted fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 depicts the membrane as a fluid lipid bilayer with embedded and peripheral proteins that can move laterally.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 4.

    Structure of the cell membrane and its discovery


    4.1. An over view of CM and its functions
     All true cells have plasma membrane
     CM surrounds cytoplasm of the cells
    Function of CM
     Define the boundaries of the cell and its organelles
     Serve as a selectively permeable barrier (in & out)
     Give structural strength (keeping the cell contents together)
     Provide mechanisms for
     Cell-to-cell contact, Communication & adhesion
     Regulate transport processes and Recognition of other external
    substances & signals by its receptors
     The site of various chemical reactions for prokaryotes
     Location of respiratory enzymes and Assists DNA replication

    1
    Functions of Cell membrane

    2
    3
    4.2.Early Models of Cell Membrane on its structure
    4.2.1. Gorter and Grendel model
     In 1925, E. Gorter and F. Grendel proposed first a lipid
    bilayer model of CM structure.
     From their experiments on red blood cells.
     They concluded that CM covered by:
     Lipid bilayer oriented with polar groups toward the inside
    and outside of the cell and this type of structure of lipid
    bilayer would be most stable.
     The Groter and Grendel model gives a new force to membrane
    research.

    4
     they first tried to describe the structure of membrane at the
    molecular level.

    5
     These researchers extracted the lipid from human red blood
    cells and measured the amount of surface area the lipid
    would cover when spread over the surface of water.
    4.2.2. Danielli-Daveson model
     In 1935, Proposed a sandwich model for CM structure.
     They stated that the CM is composed of a lipid bilayer that
    is lined by globular protein layers on both inner and outer
    surfaces and Polar solutes.
     Proposed a sandwich model in which the phospholipid
    bilayer lies between two layers of globular proteins

    6
     They thought that the stability of CM maintained by mutual
    attraction b/n lipids and electrostatic force b/n the protein and the
    head of lipids

    Danilli-Daveson model
    7
    4.2.3 Unit membrane model – by Robertson
     Robertson in 1957 proposed a modified version of the
    membrane model called the "unit membrane".
     membranes have a characteristic "trilaminar" appearance
    consisting of two darker outer layers and a lighter inner
    region.
     According to the unit membrane model, the two outer, darker
    lines are the protein layers and the inner region the lipid
    bilayer.

    Fig Robertson trilaminar unit membrane model


    8
    4.2.4. The fluid mosaic model
     It is proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972.
     It is the central dogma of membrane.
     It is the current and widely accepted model of CM.
     It had two key features, both implied in its name.
    1. The core lipid bilayer exists in a fluid state, capable of dynamic
    movement (ever-changing structure).
    -Lipid present in a fluid state like vegetable oil.
    2. Proteins form a mosaic of particles penetrating the lipid to varying
    degrees.
     Proteins are dotted here and there in a mosaic pattern.
     Most protein and individual lipid molecules move laterally.

    9
    Fig The fluid mosaic model
    10
    Cell membrane structure based on fluid mosaic model
    11

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