ELECTRIC

AL
ENERGY
TOPICS
• IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

• GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

• SOURCES OF ENERGY
OBJECTIVES
• DETERMINE THE IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

• LEARN ABOUT THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL

ENERGY

• IDENTIFY THE SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

• IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT POWER PLANT

• LEARN ABOUT THE PROCESS OF POWER PLAN

GROUP MEMBERS

01 CYMUND
BILLANTE 02 MATT ANGELO
GACOT

03 STEAVEN JOHN
PARUCO 04 KEITH JASPER
D. ROMERO
WHAT IS ELECTRICAL ENERGY?
Electrical energy is the energy derived from electric
potential energy or kinetic energy of the charged
particles. In general, it is referred to as the energy
that has been converted from electric potential
energy. We can define electrical energy as the
energy generated by the movement of electrons from
one point to another.
Electrical energy is caused by moving electric
charges called electrons.

Electricity is a type of energy that comes from

electrical energy.

Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object.

Potential energy is Electrical energy is caused by

moving electric charges called electrons.
EXAMPLES OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
• Electrical charges moving through a wire or electricity.

• Lightning.

• Batteries.

• Static electricity.

• Electric wheels generate electrical energy.

• Electricity stored in capacitors.

• Audio speakers.

• Doorbells.
“If you want to find the secrets of the
universe, think in terms of energy,
frequency and vibration”
—NIKOLA TESLA
ELECTRICAL ENERGY FORMULA
A cell has two terminals, a negative and a positive terminal. The negative
terminal has the excess of electrons whereas the positive terminal has a
deficiency of electrons. Let us take the positive terminal as A and the electrical
potential at A is given by V(A). Similarly, the negative terminal is B and the
electrical potential at B is given by V(B). Electric current flows from A to B, and
thus V(A) > V (B).

The potential difference between A and B is given by,

V = V(A) – V(B) > 0

Mathematically, electric current is defined as the rate of flow of charge through

the cross-section of a conductor.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY FORMULA
E = QV

Where,

Q is charge

V is the potential difference

V=IxR
Ohm's law describes the relationship between the intensity of
current flowing through a circuit, the voltage of that electric
current and the resistance offered by the circuit to the passage
of said current: the potential difference (V) is directly
proportional to the current intensity (I) and resistance (R)
UNITS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• Joule (J)

• Kilowatt-hour(kWh)

• Electron-Volt(eV)
 CONDUCTIVITY RESISTIVITY
Conductivity is the measure of the Electrical resistivity quantifies how
ease at which an electric charge or strongly a given material opposes
heat can pass through a material. A the flow of electric current. A low
conductor is a material which gives resistivity indicates a material that
very little resistance to the flow of readily allows the movement of
an electric current or thermal electric charge.
energy.
IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
Electricity is a crucial aspect of modern living and the
economy. Electricity is used for lighting, heating, cooling, and
refrigeration, as well as to power appliances, computers,
electronics, industrial systems, and public transit systems.

Energy may be needed as heat, as light, as motive power etc.

The present-day advancement in science and technology has
made it possible to convert electrical energy into any desired
form.
IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
Electrical energy is the most convenient form of energy for most
human uses. Electrical energy is easy use and move from one
location to another, but it is almost impossible to store in any large
quantity.

It can be used for running computers and most appliances, home

heating, and even transportation. Electricity is used by industry,
households, and businesses accounting for 18% of end use
energy worldwide.
IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
Electrical energy is not a primary energy source, but rather
an energy currency

Primary energy (like wind or natural gas) goes into an electric

generator to make electricity for easy use and transport. The energy
that is transported and used by so much of the modern high energy
society must come, fundamentally, from some primary fuel or primary
flow.
Electrical energy is superior to all other forms of energy due to the following
reasons:

• Convenient form

• Easy to control

• Greater Flexibility

• Cheapness

• Cleanliness

• High Transmission Efficiency

IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
Electric power has become so important because of its ability
to improve quality of life, drive economic development, provide
essential services, foster technological advancement, and
transform the way we live and work. Its dominance has led to
the creation of a robust and reliable electrical infrastructure,
allowing electricity to play a central role in modern life.
GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL
ENREGY
Electricity is most often generated at a power
plant by electromechanical generators, primarily
driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or
nuclear fission but also by other means such as
the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind.
Other energy sources include solar
photovoltaics and geothermal power.
GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL
ENREGY
Electricity is an energy currency, rather than
an energy source, which means that electrical
generation needs to start from a primary energy source like
a fuel or a primary energy flow. These fuels and flows are
usually turned into electric current which transmits electric
power to the grid.

Power plants are the most commonly used energy conversion

technology to create electricity from primary energy.
GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL
ENREGY
It is possible to have both AC electrical generation and DC electrical
generation, almost all electricity that is produced with
a generator is alternating current. Motion (kinetic energy) is converted
into the electric and magnetic fields that create an electromotive
force, which makes current flow in a wire.

This electricity usually travels through the electrical grid allowing

some electrical device to use the energy in the electrons and then
send the electrons back. This is what is meant by an electric circuit,
the electrons must be capable of making the round trip.
HOW ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED
An electric generator is a device that converts a form of energy into
electricity. There are many different types of electricity generators.
Most of world electricity generation is from generators that are based
on scientist Michael Faraday’s discovery in 1831 that moving a
magnet inside a coil of wire makes (induces) an electric current to
flow in the wire.

Electromagnetic generators use an electromagnet a magnet

produced by electricity not a traditional magnet. A basic
electromagnetic generator has a series of insulated coils of wire that
form a stationary cylinder called a stator surrounding an
electromagnetic shaft called a rotor.
TURBINE DRIVEN GENERATORS
In a turbine generator, a moving fluid water, steam,
combustion gases, or air pushes a series of blades mounted
on a rotor shaft. The force of the fluid on the blades
spins/rotates the rotor shaft of a generator. The generator, in
turn, converts the mechanical (kinetic) energy of the rotor to
electrical energy. Different types of turbines include steam
turbines, combustion (gas) turbines, hydroelectric turbines,
and wind turbines.
TURBINE DRIVEN GENERATORS
Steam turbines - A steam turbine is a machine that extracts thermal energy
from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating
output shaft.

Combustion gas turbines - which are similar to jet engines, burn gaseous or
liquid fuels to produce hot gases to turn the blades in the turbine.

Hydroelectric turbines - use the force of moving water to spin turbine blades
to power a generator. Most hydroelectric power plants use water stored in a
reservoir or diverted from a river or stream.

Wind turbines - Use the power in wind to move the blades of a rotor to power
a generator.
WORLD ELECTRICITY GENERATION
0.40% 0.40% 0.30% 0.20%
2.60% 2.40%

7.00% Coal
Natural Gas
Hydro
10.20% Nuclear
38.00%
Solar/Wind/Other
Oil
Biofuels
Crude
15.80% Geothermal
Peat
Heat

23.10%
COMMON TYPES OF POWER PLANT
• Coal-fired power plants

• Hydroelectric power plants

• Geothermal power plants

• Nuclear power plants

COAL FIRED POWER PLANT
Coal fired power plant are
facilities that burn coal to make
steam in order to generate
electricity. Countries such as
South Africa use coal for 94% of
their electricity and China and
India use coal for 70-75% of their
electricity needs.

The use of coal provides access to

electricity however it produces
large quantities of
different pollutants which
reduces air quality and contributes
to climate change.
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Hydroelectric power, also
called hydropower, electricity produced from
generators driven
by turbines that convert the potential energy of
falling or fast-flowing water into mechanical
energy.

In the generation of hydroelectric power, water

is collected or stored at a higher elevation and
led downward through large pipes or tunnels
(penstocks) to a lower elevation; the difference
in these two elevations is known as the head.
At the end of its passage down the pipes, the
falling water causes turbines to rotate.

The turbines in turn drive generators, which

convert the turbines’ mechanical energy into
electricity.
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
Geothermal power plants are used in order to
generate electricity by the use of geothermal
energy (the Earth's internal thermal energy).

Geothermal power plants draw fluids from

underground reservoirs to the surface to produce
steam. This steam then drives turbines that
generate electricity.

The presence of hot rocks, fluid, and permeability

underground creates natural geothermal systems.
Small underground pathways, such as fractures,
conduct fluids through the hot rocks. In geothermal
electricity generation, this fluid can be drawn as
energy in the form of heat through wells to the
earth’s surface. At the surface, that energy is
converted to steam, which drives turbines that
produce electricity.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Nuclear power plants are a type of power
plant that use the process of nuclear
fission in order to generate electricity.

In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart to

form smaller atoms, releasing energy.
Fission takes place inside the reactor of a
nuclear power plant. At the center of the
reactor is the core, which contains uranium
fuel.

They do this by using nuclear reactors in

combination with the Rankine cycle, where
the heat generated by the reactor converts
water into steam, which spins a turbine and
a generator.
WHAT IS ENERGY?
Energy is the ability of a system to perform work,
but as energy exists in so many forms, it is hard to
find one comprehensive definition. It is the property
of an object that can be transferred from one object
to another or converted to different forms but cannot
be created or destroyed.
SOURCES OF ENERGY
Sources of energy can be classified into:

• Renewable sources

• Non-renewable sources
SOURCES OF ENERGY
Renewable sources

Renewable sources of energy are available plentiful in nature and are

sustainable. These resources of energy can be naturally replenished and are
safe for the environment.

Non-renewable sources

A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that is found underneath the

earth. These type of energy resources do not replenish at the same speed at
which it is used. They take millions of years to replenish.
RENEWABLE SOURCES
• Solar energy

• Geothermal energy

• Wind energy

• Biomass

• Hydropower
NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES
• Petroleum

• Hydrocarbon gas

• Natural gas

• Coal

• Nuclear energy