This presentation discusses outliers and influential points in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate cases. Outliers are data points that are distant from the main distribution or cloud of points, and can be identified by having extreme X or Y values, or being distant from other points. Leverage points are outliers that influence the slope of the regression line, while influential points greatly affect the slope and coefficient of determination. Various graphical methods are presented for detecting outliers in different situations, such as box plots, scatter plots, Cook's D plots, and residuals plots.
This presentation discusses outliers and influential points in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate cases. Outliers are data points that are distant from the main distribution or cloud of points, and can be identified by having extreme X or Y values, or being distant from other points. Leverage points are outliers that influence the slope of the regression line, while influential points greatly affect the slope and coefficient of determination. Various graphical methods are presented for detecting outliers in different situations, such as box plots, scatter plots, Cook's D plots, and residuals plots.
This presentation discusses outliers and influential points in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate cases. Outliers are data points that are distant from the main distribution or cloud of points, and can be identified by having extreme X or Y values, or being distant from other points. Leverage points are outliers that influence the slope of the regression line, while influential points greatly affect the slope and coefficient of determination. Various graphical methods are presented for detecting outliers in different situations, such as box plots, scatter plots, Cook's D plots, and residuals plots.
This presentation discusses outliers and influential points in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate cases. Outliers are data points that are distant from the main distribution or cloud of points, and can be identified by having extreme X or Y values, or being distant from other points. Leverage points are outliers that influence the slope of the regression line, while influential points greatly affect the slope and coefficient of determination. Various graphical methods are presented for detecting outliers in different situations, such as box plots, scatter plots, Cook's D plots, and residuals plots.
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Welcome
to The presentation on the topic:
Outliers and Influential Points
Outliers and Influential Points START
Contents
1. Definition of Outliers 1
2. Graphical Display of Outliers 2
3. Leverage Points 3
4 4. Influential Points 5. Necessity and Situation of Detecting Outliers 5
6. Detecting Outliers in Univariate Case 6
Fazlur Rahman 7. Detecting Outliers in Bivariate Case 7 MS 2nd Semester Reg: 2017124009 8. Detecting Outliers in Multivariate Case 8 11 Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114 1 Outliers Outliers are points that falls away from the cloud of points
Data points that diverge in a big way from the overall pattern are called outliers
There are four ways that a data point might be considered an outlier: Broadly
1. It could have an extreme X value compared to other data points.
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2. It could have an extreme Y value compared to other data points.
3. It could have extreme X and Y values. 4. It might be distant from the rest of the data, even without extreme X or Y values. Graphically 2
Extreme X values Extreme Y values
1 2 Extreme X and Y values Distant data point 3 4 3
Leverage Points
Outliers that fall horizontally (x-values) away from the center of the cloud but don’t influence the slope of the regression line are called leverage points 4
Influential Points
The outliers which influence the slope of the regression line are called influential points
Y Y
X X
Therefore, an influential point will typically have high leverage,
But a high leverage point is not necessarily an influential point 5 Detecting Outliers (Influential Points)
The influential points:
1. Greatly affects the slope of the regression line 2. Roughly increases or decreases the coefficient of determination 3. Mislead the results and very much affect the prediction Therefore, in model fitting and prediction, detecting the influential points is very necessary.
Situation of detecting outliers (influential points):
There are three main situation in detecting the outliers
