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    The Earth and Beyond

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    aungnaingoo44
    This document discusses the solar system, stars, galaxies, comets, the life cycle of stars, evidence of the expanding universe from red-shift, theories about the history and future of the universe, and the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI). It provides information on the composition and orbits of planets and comets, how stars emit light and age, the structure of galaxies and the universe, and methods scientists use to understand the origin and fate of the universe.

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    The Earth and Beyond

    Uploaded by

    aungnaingoo44
    34 views14 pages
    This document discusses the solar system, stars, galaxies, comets, the life cycle of stars, evidence of the expanding universe from red-shift, theories about the history and future of the universe, and the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI). It provides information on the composition and orbits of planets and comets, how stars emit light and age, the structure of galaxies and the universe, and methods scientists use to understand the origin and fate of the universe.

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    This document discusses the solar system, stars, galaxies, comets, the life cycle of stars, evidence of the expanding universe from red-shift, theories about the history and future of the universe, and the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI). It provides information on the composition and orbits of planets and comets, how stars emit light and age, the structure of galaxies and the universe, and methods scientists use to understand the origin and fate of the universe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    34 views14 pages

    The Earth and Beyond

    Uploaded by

    aungnaingoo44
    This document discusses the solar system, stars, galaxies, comets, the life cycle of stars, evidence of the expanding universe from red-shift, theories about the history and future of the universe, and the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI). It provides information on the composition and orbits of planets and comets, how stars emit light and age, the structure of galaxies and the universe, and methods scientists use to understand the origin and fate of the universe.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Earth and Beyond

    Contents
     The Solar System
     Stars
     Solar Systems, Galaxies & the Universe
     Comets
     Life Cycle of Stars
     Red-Shift
     History of the Universe
     Future of the Universe
     SETI
    The Solar System

    My
    Very
    Efficient
    Mind
    Just
    Stores
    Up
    Nine
    Planets
    Stars
     Stars are burning balls of gas e.g. our Sun

     Stars give out light

     This light reflects off planets so we can see them

     Planets are much smaller than stars


    … but they seem much bigger as they are much closer

     The 9 planets orbit the sun, Earth orbits the Sun once a year
    Stars
     Stars are burning balls of gas e.g. our Sun

     Stars give out light

     This light reflects off planets so we can see them

     Planets are much smaller than stars


    … but they seem much bigger as they are much closer

     The 9 planets orbit the sun, Earth orbits the Sun once a year
    Solar Systems, Galaxies & the Universe
    Our Sun is one of
    millions of stars that
    orbit the centre of the
    Universe

    The Milky Way is one of


    more than a billion
    galaxies in the Universe
    The Universe is expanding
    Comets
    Comets appear every few years
    Comets have highly elliptical orbits around the Sun
    Tail is pushed away from sun by solar pressure

    Tail is made of ice and rock

    Comets are visible when they are close to the Sun


    A comet’s orbit is fastest near the Sun due to the Sun’s
    gravity. It slows as it moves further away from the Sun
    Life Cycle of Stars

    cools and
    Layers of contracts
    dust & gas
    are ejected

    clouds of HHe
    dust & gas heat & light H runs
    dense core =
    ejectedstar outswells
    neutron star
    red = cooler
    explode
    supernova
    or black hole
    (crushes atoms!)
    Red-Shift

     Light from distant galaxies is shifted towards the red end of


    the spectrum

     Frequencies become lower as they move away (like the


    Doppler Effect for sound)

     Further away = greater red-shift

     Universe is expanding

     Also evidence from microwave


    radiation (background radiation)
    that Universe is cooling
    History of the Universe
     1. Steady State Theory

     Universe has always existed…


     and Universe will always exist

     No convincing evidence

     Not much support for the Steady State Theory


    History of the Universe
     2. Big Bang Theory

     Universe was compressed and exploded – Big Bang

     Occurred 15 billion years ago

     Estimated by current rate of expansion

     Expansion is slowing due to gravity


    Future of the Universe
    According to the Big Bang Theory…
     1. Expand Forever

     If too little mass for gravity to stop expansion…


     Universe will expand and spread out into eternity

     2. Big Crunch

     If enough mass to stop expansion, universe will contract


     Big Crunch!
     Big Crunch would produce another Big Bang… and so on!
    SETI
    Scientists search for extra terrestrial intelligence
     Radio Signals

     SETI looks for radio wavelength signals being sent to Earth


     These signals can only be sent by a transmitter

     SETI has been running for 40 years… not found anything


     Now searching for laser signals too!

     Robots Collect Photos and Samples

     Spacecraft are sent to planets to look for microorganisms


     Collect samples and take photos
     Scientists analyse samples and look for fossils etc.
    Summary
     Solar system – 9 planets & 1 star
     Stars emit light, planets reflect this light
     Solar systems are in galaxies which are in the Universe
     Comets (rock and ice) have long elliptical orbits around Sun
     Life cycle of stars – differs for massive & small stars
     Red-shift – evidence for fast expansion of galaxies
     History of the Universe – Big Bang or Steady State
     Future of the Universe – Big Crunch or Eternal Expansion
     SETI – Radio signals, laser signals, collect photos & samples

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