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Chapter1 CV

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that uses digital images and videos to analyze real-world scenes and objects. It enables computers to derive meaningful information from visual inputs and take actions. Computer vision involves understanding the content of images and videos through techniques like object detection, image classification, and semantic segmentation. It is related to fields like computer science, electrical engineering, mathematics, and cognitive science. Computer vision is different from image processing in that its goal is to understand a scene rather than transform images. It has applications in areas like autonomous vehicles, medical imaging, surveillance, and photo editing software.

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Aschalew Ayele
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11 views

Chapter1 CV

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that uses digital images and videos to analyze real-world scenes and objects. It enables computers to derive meaningful information from visual inputs and take actions. Computer vision involves understanding the content of images and videos through techniques like object detection, image classification, and semantic segmentation. It is related to fields like computer science, electrical engineering, mathematics, and cognitive science. Computer vision is different from image processing in that its goal is to understand a scene rather than transform images. It has applications in areas like autonomous vehicles, medical imaging, surveillance, and photo editing software.

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Aschalew Ayele
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Outlines…
What is a computer vision?
What is image?
Related fields in CV
Computer Vision Vs image processing
Application of CV and IP
What is computer vision?
Vision is a process that produces, from images of
the external world, a description that is useful to
the viewer and not cluttered with irrelevant
information.”(Marr and Nishihara, 1978)
“Computer vision is the science and technology of
machines that see and concerned with the theory
and technology for building artificial systems that
obtain information from images or multi-
dimensional data. ”(Wikipedia)
Con’t…
Computer Vision and Machine Learning have
played together decisive roles in the
development of a variety of image-based
applications within the last decade
e.g., various services provided by Google,
Facebook, Microsoft, Snapchat.
This time, the vision-based technology has
transformed from just a sensing modality to
intelligent computing systems which can
understand the real world.
Con’t…
Is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that
enables computers and systems to derive
meaningful information from digital images,
videos and other visual inputs and take actions
or make recommendations based on that
information
AI enables computers to think, computer vision
enables them to see, observe and understand
Humans use their eyes and their brains to see
and understand the 3D world around them
Computer vision vs machine learning
CV is a technology that attempts to train
computers to recognize pattern in visual
data as human do
ML is a process that enables computers to
learn how to process and react to data
inputs based on precedents(prior in time)
set by previous action
Con’t…
Con’t…

Simply Computer Vision is about: Understanding


the content of images and videos
WHAT IS IMAGE?
An image is a two-dimensional function f(x,y),
where x and y are the spatial (plane)
coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair
of coordinates (x,y) is called the intensity of the
image at that level
If x,y and the amplitude values of f are finite
and discrete quantities, we call the image a
digital image
Con’t…
A digital image is composed of a finite
number of elements called pixels, each of
which has a particular location and value
Image speaks lauder than word
Thank to the available high speed processing
engine which are affordable today
Is an array or matrix of multiple pixels which
are properly arranged in columns and rows
Digital Image
Is a representation of a real image as a set of
numbers that can be stored and handled by a digital
computer
In order to translate the image into numbers, it is
divided into small areas called pixels (picture
elements).
For each pixel, the imaging device records a
number, or a small set of numbers, that describe
some property of this pixel
Digital Image Processing
Deals with manipulation of digital images
through a digital computer
Focuses on developing a computer system that
is able to perform processing on an image
Pixel is the smallest unit of an image
Each pixel consists of three color namely Red,
Green and Blue
Con’t…
Digital Image Processing (DIP) has two
principal application areas:
 Improvement of pictorial information
for human interpretation
 Processing of image data for storage,
transmission and representation for
autonomous machine perception
Con’t…
Processing of digital images by means of
computer, it covers three categories
Computer Vision Vs Image
Processing
con’t…
Image processing studies image to image
transformation.
The input and output of image processing
are both images. E.g. Adobe Photoshop
Computer vision is the construction of
explicit, meaningful descriptions of physical
objects from their image.
The output of computer vision is a
description or an interpretation of
structures in 3D scene.
Related Fields in cv
It needs knowledge from the following fields in
order to understand and stimulate the operation of
human vision system
Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
Mathematics
Physiology
Biology
Cognitive Science
Application of CV and IP
Why some one process image
Will help the user in understanding the
content and context as well from any image
Appreciate image processing techniques are
to be chosen to get better result
Types of image processing
There are five main types of image processing:
Visualization - Find objects that are not visible in the image
Recognition - Distinguish or detect objects in the image
Sharpening and restoration - Create an enhanced image
from the original image
Pattern recognition - Measure the various patterns
around the objects in the image
Retrieval - Browse and search images from a large
database of digital images that are similar to the original
image
Fundamental image processing steps
1. Image Acquisition:
Is the first step in image processing
This step is also known as pre-processing in image
processing
It involves retrieving the image from a source, usually a
hardware-based source
2. Image Enhancement
Is the process of bringing out and highlighting certain
features of interest in an image that has been obscured
(not well known).
This can involve changing the brightness, contrast, etc.
Con’t…
3. Image Restoration
Is the process of improving the appearance of an
image
However, unlike image enhancement, image
restoration is done using certain mathematical or
probabilistic models
4. Color Image Processing
It includes a number of color modeling
techniques in a digital domain
This step has gained prominence due to the
significant use of digital images over the internet
Con’t…
5. Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing
Wavelets are used to represent images in
various degrees of resolution
The images are subdivided into wavelets or
smaller regions for data compression and for
pyramidal representation
6. Compression
Is a process used to reduce the storage required to save an
image or the bandwidth required to transmit it
This is done particularly when the image is for use on the
Internet
E.g jpg file extension used in jpeg (joint photograph expert
group) for compression standard
Con’t…
7. Morphological Processing
Is a set of processing operations for morphing
images based on their shapes
8. Segmentation
Is one of the most difficult steps of image processing
It involves partitioning an image into its constituent
parts or objects
Con’t…
9. Representation and Description
After an image is segmented into regions, each
region is represented and described in a form
suitable for further computer processing
Representation deals with the image’s
characteristics and regional properties
Description deals with extracting quantitative
information that helps differentiate one class of
objects from the other.
10. Recognition
Recognition assigns a label to an object based on
its description.
Figure1: Fundaments steps in digital image processing
Benefit of Image processing
The digital image can be made available in any
desired format (improved image, X-Ray, photo
negative, etc)
It helps to improve images for human interpretation
Information can be processed and extracted from
images for machine interpretation
The pixels in the image can be manipulated to any
desired density and contrast
Images can be stored and retrieved easily
It allows for easy electronic transmission of images
to third-party providers
Signal processing
Signal processing involves converting or
transforming data in a way that allows us to
see things in it that are not possible via
direct observation
Signal processing is essential for the use of
X-rays and MRIs .
Allowing medical images to be analysed and
deciphered by complex data processing
techniques
The end

Thank you

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