The document discusses the classification of animals based on 6 key characteristics: 1) levels of organization, 2) body symmetry, 3) germinal layers, 4) presence of a coelom, 5) embryonic development, and 6) metamerism. It provides details on the different types within each characteristic and examples of phyla that fall under each type. The major phyla of animals are also listed.
The document discusses the classification of animals based on 6 key characteristics: 1) levels of organization, 2) body symmetry, 3) germinal layers, 4) presence of a coelom, 5) embryonic development, and 6) metamerism. It provides details on the different types within each characteristic and examples of phyla that fall under each type. The major phyla of animals are also listed.
The document discusses the classification of animals based on 6 key characteristics: 1) levels of organization, 2) body symmetry, 3) germinal layers, 4) presence of a coelom, 5) embryonic development, and 6) metamerism. It provides details on the different types within each characteristic and examples of phyla that fall under each type. The major phyla of animals are also listed.
The document discusses the classification of animals based on 6 key characteristics: 1) levels of organization, 2) body symmetry, 3) germinal layers, 4) presence of a coelom, 5) embryonic development, and 6) metamerism. It provides details on the different types within each characteristic and examples of phyla that fall under each type. The major phyla of animals are also listed.
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ANIMAL
DIVERSITY WHAT IS AN ANIMAL? • Animals are multicellular and heterotrophic organisms without cell wall and chlorophyll. 11 MAJOR PHYLA OF KINGDOM ANIMALIA
1. Porifera 7. Arthropoda
2. Cnidaria 8. Mollusca
3. Ctenophora 9. Echinodermata
4. Platyhelminthes 10. Hemichordata
5. Aschelminthes 11. Chordata
6. Annelida Neerajbamania BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION 1. Levels of organisation
2. Body symmetry
3. Germinal (Embryonic) layers
4. Coelom (Body cavity)
5. Metamerism (Segmentation)
rd 6. Neerajbamania BASIS OF 1. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION ORGANISATION BASED ON ORGANIZATION OF CELLS, ANIMALS ARE GROUPED INTO 4 LEVELS: 1.Cellular level of organization
2.Tissue level of organization
3.Organ level of organization
4.Organ system level of
Neerajbamania
organization Neerajbamania BASIS OF 1. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION ORGANISATION Cellular level of Tissue level of Organ level of Organ system level organization organization organization of organization
Cells are arranged Cells are arranged Tissues are arranged organs are associated to as loose cell into tissues. into organs. organ system. Each aggregates. E.g. Higher animals system performs a E.g. Cnidarians & (Platyhelminthes to physiological function. E.g.NPeeorajbraimfaeniara. Ctenophores. chordates). E.g. Higher animals.
Neerajbamania BASIS OF 1. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION ORGANISATION ORGAN SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENT Single ANIMALS SHOW COMPLEXITIES. opening E.G. • DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IS 2 TYPES: ⮚ INCOMPLETE: IT HAS ONLY A SINGLE OPENING THAT ACTS AS MOUTH & ANUS. E.G. Incomplete digestive system in Hydra & Planaria CNIDARIA & PLATYHELMINTHES. ⮚ COMPLETE: IT HAS 2 OPENINGS- MOUTH & ANUS. ⮚ CLOSE • CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS 2 Neerajbamania Complete digestive system in Roundworm D TYPES: Neerajbamania BASIS OF 2. CLASSIFICATION SYMMETRY It is the arrangement of similar body parts on 2 sides of main axis of the body. Based on symmetry, animals are 2 types:
1. Asymmetrical Body cannot be divided into 2 similar parts. E.g. Most poriferans, Snails etc.
2. Symmetrical Body can be divided into 2 similar Neerajbamania parts. Neerajbamania BASIS OF 2. CLASSIFICATION SYMMETRY Symmetry is 2 types: • Here, body can be divided into 2 equal halves by any vertical plane along central a. axis (oral-aboral axis) of the body. Radial • E.g. some Poriferans, Cnidarians, Symmetry Ctenophores and Echinoderms (adult).
• Here, body can be divided into right & left
b. halves in only one plane. Bilateral • E.g. Platyhelminthes to Chordata (except Symmetry adult Echinodermata).
Neerajbamania BASIS OF 3. GERMINAL CLASSIFICATION LAYERS • THESE ARE LAYERS OF EMBRYO FROM WHICH ALL THE BODY ORGANS ARE FORMED. • BASED ON THE NUMBER OF GERM LAYERS, ANIMALS Diploblastic ARE 2 TYPES: animals
❖ Triploblastic animals Neerajbamania BASIS OF 3. GERMINAL CLASSIFICATION LAYERS a. Diploblastic animals b. Triploblastic animals
• 2 germ layers- outer ectoderm and inner
endoderm. • In between these layers, an • 3 germ layers- Outer ectoderm, middle mesoderm and inner endoderm. undifferentiated jelly-like layer called • E.g. Platyhelminthes to Chordata. mesoglea is present. • E.g. Cnidaria & Ctenophora. Neerajbamania BASIS OF 4. COELOM (BODY CLASSIFICATION CAVITY) Mesoderm • IT IS THE CAVITY LINED BY MESODERM. • IT IS SEEN BETWEEN BODY WALL & GUT WALL. • COELOM SEPARATES THE MUSCLES OF GUT & BODY WALL. Gut wall Coelom • BASED ON THE NATURE OF a. Acoelomate COELOM, ANIMALS ARE 3 TYPES: Body wall b. Pseudocoelomate
c. C o e l o mate Nee rajb am a nia BASIS OF 4. COELOM (BODY CLASSIFICATION CAVITY) • The space between body wall and a) Acoelomate digestive cavity is filled with matrix (No Coelom) (parenchyma). • E.g. Porifera to Platyhelminthes.
• Here, the body cavity is not lined by
b) Pseudocoelomate mesoderm. (False coelom) • Mesoderm is scattered pouches. • E.g. Aschelminthes.
• Here, coelom arises from mesoderm.
c) Coelomate • Coelom is lined by peritoneal layer and (True coelom) filled with coelomic fluid. • E.g. Annelida to Chordata. Neerajbamania BASIS OF 4. COELOM (BODY CLASSIFICATION CAVITY) • The space between body wall and a) Acoelomate digestive cavity is filled with matrix (No Coelom) (parenchyma). • E.g. Porifera to Platyhelminthes.
• Here, the body cavity is not lined by
b) Pseudocoelomate mesoderm. (False coelom) • Mesoderm is scattered pouches. • E.g. Aschelminthes.
• Here, coelom arises from mesoderm.
c) Coelomate • Coelom is lined by peritoneal layer and (True coelom) filled with coelomic fluid. Neerajbamania • E.g. Annelida to Chordata. BASIS OF 5. Embryonic CLASSIFICATION Development Embryonic Development Applies to organisms with bilateral symmetry, primarily coelomates Protostomes Spiral cleavage Schizocoelous Opening formed during gastrulation (blastopore) becomes mouth Mollusks, annelids, arthropods Deuterostomes Radial cleavage Enterocoelous Blastopore develops into anus
