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    2.3 Relation and Function

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    Alma G. Florida
    The document defines and discusses relations and functions. It provides definitions of relations as subsets of Cartesian products that relate elements. Relations can be visualized using arrow diagrams. Properties of relations like reflexive, symmetric, and transitive are explained. Functions are defined as a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. Operations on functions like sum, difference, product, quotient, and composition are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2.3 Relation and Function

    Uploaded by

    Alma G. Florida
    40 views41 pages
    The document defines and discusses relations and functions. It provides definitions of relations as subsets of Cartesian products that relate elements. Relations can be visualized using arrow diagrams. Properties of relations like reflexive, symmetric, and transitive are explained. Functions are defined as a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. Operations on functions like sum, difference, product, quotient, and composition are also outlined.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document defines and discusses relations and functions. It provides definitions of relations as subsets of Cartesian products that relate elements. Relations can be visualized using arrow diagrams. Properties of relations like reflexive, symmetric, and transitive are explained. Functions are defined as a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. Operations on functions like sum, difference, product, quotient, and composition are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views41 pages

    2.3 Relation and Function

    Uploaded by

    Alma G. Florida
    The document defines and discusses relations and functions. It provides definitions of relations as subsets of Cartesian products that relate elements. Relations can be visualized using arrow diagrams. Properties of relations like reflexive, symmetric, and transitive are explained. Functions are defined as a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. Operations on functions like sum, difference, product, quotient, and composition are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 41

    The Language of

    Relations and
    Functions
    Let and ,
    an element in is related to an
    element in if, and only if, is less
    than .
    “ is related to ”
    since
    since
    since
    since
    since
    since
    Recall the Cartesian product:
    What are the elements (ordered pair)
    in , based on the given conditions, that
    are related?
    The relation can be thought of the
    totality of ordered pairs whose
    elements are related by the given
    condition.
    Charles Sanders
    Peirce
    American
    mathematician and
    logician who
    introduced the formal
    mathematical
    definition of relation in
    the nineteenth
    century.
    What is relation?

    •A relation from set to is the set of


    ordered pairs of real numbers such that
    to each element of the set corresponds
    at least one element of the set .
    What is relation?

    • Let and sets. A relation from to is a subset


    of . Given an ordered pair in , is related to
    by , written , if and only if, is in . The set is
    called the domain of and the set is called its
    co-domain.
    Notation
    The notation for a relation may be written
    symbolically as follows:
    meaning
    The notation means that is not related to by ;
    meaning
    Arrow Diagram of a Relation
    Suppose is a relation from a set to a
    set . The arrow diagram for is
    obtained as follows:
    1. Represent the elements of as
    points in one region and the
    elements of as points in another
    region.
    2. For each in and in , draw an
    arrow from to , if and only if, is
    related to by .
    Symbolically:
    Draw an arrow from to
    If and only if,
    If and only if,
    Example:
    1. Given a relation

    Illustrate the given relation into an arrow


    diagram.
    2. What is the domain and co-domain?
    Properties of a Relation
    When a relation is defined from
    set into the same set , the three
    properties are useful:
    1. Reflexive
    2. Symmetric
    3. Transitive
    A relation on is said to
    be reflexive if every
    element of is related to
    Reflexive itself.
    In notation,
    for all
    “is equal to” (equality)
    “is a subset of” (set
    inclusion)
    Reflexive “is less than or equal to”
    and “is greater than or
    equal to” (inequality)
    “divides” (divisibility)
    Reflexive
    A relation is
    reflexive if
    every element
    of has an arrow
    pointing to
    itself.
    Symmetri A relation on is
    symmetric if given
    c then .
    The arrow diagram of a symmetric
    Symmetri relation has the property that whenever
    c there is a directed arrow from to , there is
    also a directed arrow from to .
    Transitiv A relation on is
    transitive if given and
    e then .
    “is equal to” (equality)
    “is a subset of” (set
    Transitiv inclusion)
    “is less than or equal to”
    e and “is greater than or
    equal to” (inequality)
    “divides” (divisibility)
    The arrow diagram of a transitive relation has
    Transiti the property that whenever there are directed
    ve arrows from to and from to , then there is
    also a directed arrow from to .
    A relation that is reflexive,
    symmetric, and transitive is called
    an equivalence relation on .
    It includes:
     The equality “” relation between real
    numbers or sets.
     The relation “is similar to” on the set
    of all triangles.
     The relation “has the same birthday
    as” on the set of all human beings.
    What is function?

    •A function is a relation in which every


    input is paired with exactly one output.
    What is function?

    •A function from set to set is the set of


    ordered pairs of real numbers in which
    no two distinct ordered pairs have the
    same first component.
    What is function?
    •Similar to a relation, the values of is
    called the domain of the function and
    the set of all resulting value of is called
    the range or co-domain of the function.
    A function from a set to a set is a
    relation with domain and co-
    domain that satisfies the following
    two properties:
    1. For every element in , there is
    an element in such that .
    2. For all elements in and and in
    ,
    If and , then
    1. Every element of is the first
    element of an ordered pair of .
    2. No two distinct ordered pairs
    on have the same first
    element.
    Is function a relation?

    If the set of ordered pairs have different -


    coordinates, it is a function.
    If the set of ordered pairs have same -
    coordinates, it is NOT a function but it
    could be said a relation.
    Note:

    -coordinates have no bearing in


    determining functions
    Function is a relation but relation could
    not be said as function.
    Function Notations:

    function of
    read as “ of ”
    Operations on Functions
    Operations on Functions
    •The sum of two functions and

    •The difference of two functions and

    •The product of two functions and


    Operations on Functions
    • The quotient of two functions and

    • The composition of two functions and

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