Mole (1) - 092756

-chemistry-
The Mole
Collection Terms
A collection term states a specific number of items.
•1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts
•1 ream of paper = 500 sheets
•1 case = 24 cans
3
Chemistry is a
quantitative science -
we need a "counting
unit."
A Mole of Particles
A mole (mol) is a collection that contains
• The same number of particles as there are carbon atoms
in 12.01 g of carbon.
• 6.022 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number).
1 mol C = 6.022 x 1023 C atoms
1 mol CO2 = 6.022 x 1023 CO2 molecules
1 mol NaCl = 6.022 x 1023 NaCl formula units
5
Particles in a Mole
Amadeo never knew his own number;

it was named in his honor by a
Avogadro French scientist in 1909.
(1776 – 1856) its value was first estimated
by Josef Loschmidt, an Austrian
chemistry teacher, in 1895 .
?
quadrillions thousands
trillions billions millions
1 mole = 602213673600000000000000
or 6.022 x 1023
There is Avogadro's number of particles in a mole of any substance.
Counting to 1 Mole
Is that right? A computer counting 10 million atoms every second
would need to count for 2 billion years to count just a single mole.
Lets look at the mathematics.
365 days 24 hours 60 min 60 sec

x sec = 1 year = 31,536,000 sec
1 year 1 day 1 hour 1 min
Therefore 1 year has 31,536,000 seconds or 3.1536 x 10 7 sec.

A computer counting 10,000,000 atoms every second could count
3.153 x 1014 atoms every year.
Finally, 6.02 x 1023 atoms divided by 3.1536 x 1014 atoms every year
equals 1,908,929,477 years or approximately 2 billion years!
Why so big ?
Atoms are so small !
EXAMPLE
Hydrogen Atoms are in 1

cup of water
Count the number of atoms

-15 trillion trillion hydrogen atoms
-25 moles of hydrogen atoms
-use mole to count atoms
1 mole = 6 x things because 1 gram = 6 x amu(atomic mass units)

AvogadroPaper
AvogadroPaper
The Mole is Developed

Carbon Atoms Hydrogen Atoms Mass Ratio
Number Mass (amu) Number Mass (amu) Mass carbon / Mass hydrogen
12 amu = 12
12 1 1 amu 1
24 2 24 amu = 12
[2 x 12] 2 amu 1
[2 x 1]
120 10 120 amu = 12
[10 x 12] 10 amu 1
[10 x 1]
600 50 600 amu = 12

[50 x 12] 50 amu 1
[50 x 1]
Avogadro’s
number Avogadro’s (6.02 x 1023) x (12) = 12
(6.02 x 10 ) x (12)
23
number (6.02 x 1023) x (1) (6.02 x 1023) x (1) 1
1 lithium atom = 6.94 amu
1 mole lithium = 6.94 g
Convert : 1 mole lithium = 6.94 g

Conversion Factor
How many moles of lithium are in 25 g of lithium?
25g Li = 25 ÷ 6.94 = 3.6 mol Li
What is the mass of 11.5 moles of Lithium?
11.5 mol Li = 11.5 x 6. 94 = 79.8 g Li

CALCULATE FOR THE MOLAR MASS OF A MOLECULE
Add up the molar masses of all two atoms in the molecule
FORMULA MOLAR MASS

CO 12.01 + 16 = 28.O1 g/mol
Molar mass
so 1 mole = 28.01 g
remember that molar
units are
mass is conversion g/mol
factor
DIATOMIC ELEMENT
N2 14.01 x 2 = 28.02 g/mol
CO2 12.01 + 16 x 2 = 44.01 g/mol
Mg (NO3)2 24.3 + 14.01 x 2 + 16 x 6 = 148.3 g/mol
Subscripts and Moles
The subscripts in a formula state
•The relationship of atoms in the formula.
•The moles of each element in 1 mol of compound.
Glucose
C6H12O6
In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H 6 atoms O

In 1 mol: 6 mol C 12 mol H 6 mol O
Subscripts State Atoms and Moles
1 mol C9H8O4 = 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O

24
Learning Check
A. How many moles O are in 0.150 mol aspirin

C9H8O4?
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin

C9H8O4?
25
Solution
A. How many mol O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O = 0.600 mol O
1 mol C9H8O4
subscript factor
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C 9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms

1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor Number
= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms
Learning Check
How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin
C9H8O4?
Solution
How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms

1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor number
= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms

TASK
Convert 6.35 g of magnesium nitrate to moles

6.35 g Mg (NO3)2 = = 0.0428 mol
What is the mass of 0.369 moles of magnesium nitrate?

0.369 mol Mg (NO3)2 = 0.369 x 148.3
= 54.7 g Mg (NO3)2
Mothballs (paradichlorobenzene-C6H4Cl2) are used
as cockroach repellant. It is often placed inside the
cabinet. If 1 piece of mothball weighs 5.0 g and your
mother put 3 pieces in your cabinet, how many
molecules of paradichlorobenzene-C6H4Cl2 (Molar
Mass = 147.00 g/mol) will be circulating inside your
cabinet considering all the mothballs have sublimed?

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-chemistry-

Amadeo never knew his own number;

Lets look at the mathematics.

365 days 24 hours 60 min 60 sec

Therefore 1 year has 31,536,000 seconds or 3.1536 x 10 7 sec.

Atoms are so small !

Hydrogen Atoms are in 1

Count the number of atoms

1 mole = 6 x things because 1 gram = 6 x amu(atomic mass units)

The Mole is Developed

600 50 600 amu = 12

Convert : 1 mole lithium = 6.94 g

25g Li = 25 ÷ 6.94 = 3.6 mol Li

What is the mass of 11.5 moles of Lithium?

11.5 mol Li = 11.5 x 6. 94 = 79.8 g Li

FORMULA MOLAR MASS

In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H 6 atoms O

1 mol C9H8O4 = 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O

A. How many moles O are in 0.150 mol aspirin

B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin

0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms

0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms

= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms

Convert 6.35 g of magnesium nitrate to moles

What is the mass of 0.369 moles of magnesium nitrate?

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