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    Equation of Straight Line

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    Meiying Lee
    The document discusses equations of straight lines, including finding the gradient and y-intercept of a line given its equation, finding the equation of a line given its gradient and y-intercept or two points on the line, and finding the midpoint of a line between two points.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Equation of Straight Line

    Uploaded by

    Meiying Lee
    6 views9 pages
    The document discusses equations of straight lines, including finding the gradient and y-intercept of a line given its equation, finding the equation of a line given its gradient and y-intercept or two points on the line, and finding the midpoint of a line between two points.

    Original Description:

    IGCSE Maths

    Original Title

    equation of straight line

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    The document discusses equations of straight lines, including finding the gradient and y-intercept of a line given its equation, finding the equation of a line given its gradient and y-intercept or two points on the line, and finding the midpoint of a line between two points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views9 pages

    Equation of Straight Line

    Uploaded by

    Meiying Lee
    The document discusses equations of straight lines, including finding the gradient and y-intercept of a line given its equation, finding the equation of a line given its gradient and y-intercept or two points on the line, and finding the midpoint of a line between two points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    THE GENERAL EQUATION

    OF A STRAIGHT LINE
    y y  2x  3
    The diagram shows the
    graph of y  2x  3.
    4

    3
    10
    Gradient = 2 2
    5
    10
    x
    -4 -2 2 4
    The y–intercept = 3

    -2

    This important result can be


    written as follows: -4
    5

    The graph of y = mx + c is a straight line where


    m = the gradient
    and
    c = the y-intercept.
    Examples

    1 Find the gradient and y-intercept for the line y  3x  4.

    y  3x  4

    y  mx  c
    m3 c  4
    gradient = 3 y-intercept = −4
    2 Find the gradient and y-intercept for the line 2x  y  6.

    2x  y  6
    y  2x  6

    y  mx  c
    m  2 c6
    gradient = −2 y-intercept = 6
    2 A line is parallel to the liney  3x  4 and passes through the
    point (5, 1). Find the equation of the line.

    y  3x  4

    y  mx  c Parallel lines have


    the same gradient.
    m3

    The equation of the parallel line is y  3x  c.

    The line passes through the point (5, 1) so substitute


    x = 5 and y = 1 into the equation.

    1 5  3  c

    c  14

    The equation is: y  3x  14


    Finding the equation of a line passing through two given points

    Examples

    1 Find the equation of the line passing through (0, 3) and (4, 5).
    x
    2 1 1 (4, 5)
    Gradient =  m=
    4 2 2
    2
    (0, 3)
    y-intercept = 3 c=3 4

    y
    1
    The equation is: y  x3
    2
    2 Find the equation of the line passing through (-1, 4) and (5, 2).
    x
    2 1 1
    Gradient =   m =
    6 3 3 (-1, 4)
    1 2
    y xc (5, 2)
    3 6

    The point (5, 2) lies on the line so y


    substitute x = 5 and y = 2 into the equation.

    1
    2 5c
    3
    2
    c3
    3
    1 2
    The equation is: y   x  3
    3 3
    Finding the midpoint of a line

    The midpoint of a line segment can be found using a


    diagram or by using the following rule:

    Midpoint = (mean of the x coordinates, mean of the y coordinates)

    Examples

    1 Find the midpoint of the line joining the points (1, 6) and (9, 2).

    1 9 10
    Mean of x coordinates =  5
    2 2
    62 8
    Mean of y coordinates =  4
    2 2

    Midpoint = (5, 4)
    2 Find the midpoint of the line joining the points (-2, 4) and (6, 2).
    2  6 4
    Mean of x coordinates =  2
    2 2
    42 6
    Mean of y coordinates =  3
    2 2

    Midpoint = (2, 3)

    3 Find the midpoint of the line joining the points (3, -5) and (-9, -7).

    3  9 6
    Mean of x coordinates =   3
    2 2
    5  7 12
    Mean of y coordinates =   6
    2 2

    Midpoint = (-3, -6)

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