COMPUTER SOFTWARES

Operating
Systems and
Utility Programs
 System Software
What is system software?

Programs that Two types are

control operation operating systems
of computer and utility programs

Operating system (OS)

(sometimes called the platform)
coordinates all activities
among computer
hardware
resources

p. 392 Next
 Operating Systems
What are the functions of an operating system?
start the computer provide a user interface manage programs

administer
security

manage
memory

control a
network

provide file monitor establish an schedule jobs and

management and performance Internet connection configure devices
other utilities

p. 392 Fig. 8-1 Next

 Operating Systems
What is a cross-platform application?
 Runs identically on multiple operating systems
 Operating system that computer uses is sometimes
called the platform

Application

Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/

Platform A Platform B Platform C Platform D

p. 393 Next
 Operating System Functions
What is booting?
 Process of starting or restarting a computer
 Cold boot
Turning on
computer that has
been powered off
 Warm boot
Restarting
computer that is
powered on
Warm boot from Windows
desktop
Warm boot from system unit

p. 394 Fig. 8-2 Next

 Operating System Functions
What messages display on the screen
when you boot the computer?

p. 394 Fig. 8-3 Next

 Operating System Functions
How does a personal computer boot up?
Step 1. Power supply Step 4. Results of POST are
sends signal to com- compared with data in CMOS chip
ponents in system unit Step 5. BIOS looks for system files
Step 2. Processor in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD
accesses BIOS to start drive, and then hard disk
computer Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating
Step 3. BIOS runs tests, system loads into RAM
called the POST, to
check components such Step 7. Operating system loads
as mouse, keyboard, configuration information and
and adapter cards displays desktop on screen

p. 395 Fig. 8-4 Next

 Operating System Functions
What is a recovery disk?
 Contains system files that will start computer when
computer cannot boot
 Also called boot disk

Step 1. Click Start button on taskbar, Step 2. Click Backup on Systems Tools Step 3. Click Automated
point to All Programs on Start menu, submenu to open the Backup Utility System Recovery Wizard
point to Accessories on All Programs window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard button to create recovery disk.
submenu, point to Systems Tools on displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Follow the on-screen
Accessories submenu, and then point Point to Automated System Recovery instructions and insert a
to Backup. Wizard button. diskette when prompted.

p. 397 Fig. 8-5 Next

 Operating System Functions
What is a user interface?
 Controls how you enter data and instructions and how
information displays on screen

command-line interface menu-driven interface

p. 398 Fig. 8-6 Next

 Operating System Functions
What is a graphical user interface
(GUI)?

 User interacts with

menus and visual
images such as icons
and buttons

p. 398 Fig. 8-6 Next

 Operating System Functions
What is single user/
multitasking?
 Working on two or
more programs that
reside in memory at
same time
 Foreground contains
program you are using
 Background contains
programs that are
running but are not
in use

p. 399 Fig. 8-7 Next

 Operating System Functions
What are other program management features of
operating systems?
Enables two or
multiprocessing more users to
run programs
simultaneously
Can support two
or more processors
running programs multiuser
at same time
Has duplicate
components such as
processors, memory,
fault-tolerant computer and disk drives
Continues to
operate when one
of its components
p. 400 fails Next
 Operating System Functions
What is memory management?
 Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
 With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM
Step 1. The
operating system
transfers the least
recently used data
and program
instructions to disk
Step 2. The
because memory is
needed for other operating system
functions. transfers data and
program
instructions from
disk to memory
when they are
needed.

p. 400 Fig. 8-8 Next

 Operating System Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Adjusts schedule
based on
job’s priority Sending
Receiving data
information
from input device
to output device
A job is operation
the processor manages Transferring items
Processing
between storage
instructions
and memory

p. 401 Next
 Operating System Functions
What is spooling?
 Sending print jobs to buffer instead of
directly to printer
 Print jobs line up in queue

p. 401 Fig. 8-9 Next

 Operating System Functions
What is a device driver?

Program that With Plug and Play,

tells operating system operating system
how to communicate
Device automatically configures
with device Driver new devices as you
Also called driver install them

p. 402 Next
 Operating System Functions
How do you install a device driver?

Step 3. Click Add a Step 4. Add Printer

printer link. Follow Wizard searches for
Step 1. Open Control Step 2. Click Printers and
on-screen instructions. Plug and Play printers
Panel window. Point to Other Hardware link. Point
on your computer. If
Printers and Other to Add a printer link.
it finds any such
Hardware link.
printers, it installs
them.
Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and
Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to
install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy
disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary
driver files to complete the installation of printer.

p. 402 Fig. 8-10 Next

 Operating System Functions
How do you establish an Internet connection?
 Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard
 Guides user through setting up connection between
computer and Internet

p. 403 Fig. 8-11 Next

 Operating System Functions
How does an operating system monitor performance?
 Provides program, called performance monitor,
that assesses and reports information about
system resources
and devices

p. 404 Fig. 8-12 Next

 Operating System Functions
What is a network operating system?
 Allows users to share printer, Internet
access, files, and programs on a network
 Administers security
by establishing user
name and password for
each user

p. 404 Fig. 8-13 Next

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a utility program?
 System software that performs
maintenance-type tasks
 Also called
utility

p. 405 Fig. 8-14 Next

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a file manager?
 Performs functions such as copying, renaming,
deleting, and moving files
 Image viewer
displays contents
of graphics file
when you double
click on it

p. 406 Figs. 8-15–8-16 Next

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a disk scanner?
 Detects and corrects problems on
hard disk or floppy disk
 Searches for and removes
unnecessary files

p. 407 Fig. 8-17 Next

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a disk defragmenter?
 Reorganizes files and unused space on hard
disk so programs run faster
fragmented disk file before defragmenting
file after
defragmenting

p. 407 Fig. 8-18 Next

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a diagnostic utility?
 Compiles technical information
about hardware and some
software
 Prepares report outlining
problems

p. 408 Fig. 8-19 Next

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a backup utility?
 Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto
another disk or tape
 Most compress files
during backup to
require less storage
space

p. 408 Fig. 8-20 Next

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a screen saver?
 Causes monitor’s screen to display moving
image or blank screen if there is no activity
for a specified time
 To secure computer,
user configures screen
saver to require
password to
deactivate

p. 408 Fig. 8-21 Next

 Types of Operating Systems
What are some characteristics of operating systems?

Proprietary Device-
Device-
software independent
dependent
Privately owned and
Runs only on specific limited to specific vendor Runs on many
type of computer or computer model manufacturers’
computers

Downward
compatible Upward
Works with application compatible
software written for Runs on new versions of
earlier version of operating system
operating system

p. 409 Next
 Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?

Embedded Network

Stand-alone

p. 409 Next
 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?

Developed in
early 1980s
for personal D Used command-line
computers
interface when first
O
developed, later
Hardly used today included menus
S
because it does
not offer GUI

p. 410 Next
 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
How do Windows versions compare?
Windows Version Year Released

Windows 3.x 1990

Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001

p. 410 Next
 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Windows XP?
 Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows
operating system
 Available in five
editions:
Home Edition,
Professional Edition,
Tablet PC Edition,
Media Center Edition,
and 64-bit Edition

p. 410 Fig. 8-24 Next

 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What are some features of Windows XP?
Windows XP Features

Appearance and Performance

Administration
Help and Support
Communications and the Web
Digital Media

p. 411 Next
 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Mac OS X?
 Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple
 Macintosh operating
system has been
model for most GUIs

p. 413 Fig. 8-27 Next

 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is UNIX?
 Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power
 Most versions
offer GUI
 Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system

p. 413 Fig. 8-28 Next

 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Linux?
 Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type
operating system
 Open-source software —
e

code is available to
public
 Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system

Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat

Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown
in this example.

p. 414 Fig. 8-29 Next

 Network Operating Systems
What are examples of network
operating systems?
NetWare
Designed for
client/server
networks

Windows Linux
Server 2003 Multi-purpose
Upgrade to Windows operating system
2000 Server
Solaris
 Version of UNIX
developed by Sun
Microsystems
 Specifically for
e-commerce
applications

p. 415 Next
 Embedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?
 Found on most mobile
computers, PDAs, and other
small devices
 Windows CE .NET is
scaled-down version of
Windows

p. 416 Fig. 8-30 Next

 Embedded Operating Systems
What are two operating systems for PDAs?
 Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC
 Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE

p. 417 Figs. 8-31–8-32 Next

 Embedded Operating Systems
What is Symbian OS?
 Open-source, multitasking operating system
designed for smart phones
 Make telephone calls,
save appointments,
browse Web, send
and receive e-mail
and faxes, and more

p. 417 Fig. 8-33 Next

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a virus?
 Potentially damaging computer program
 Affects computer without user’s knowledge

SIGNS OF
VIRUS
INFECTION

p. 418 Fig. 8-34 Next

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is an antivirus program?
 Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
 Must be updated frequently

p. 418 Fig. 8-35 Next

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a personal firewall?
 Protects personal computer from unauthorized
intrusions
 Monitors all
transmissions
to and from
computer

p. 419 Fig. 8-36 Next

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a file compression utility?
 Shrinks size of files to free up room
and improve performance
 Compressed files are sometimes called
zipped files
 Two popular utilities:
PKZIP and WinZip

p. 419 Fig. 8-37 Next

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a personal computer maintenance utility?
 Identifies and fixes operating system problems and
disk problems
 Some continuously
monitor computer to
identify problems
before they occur

p. 420 Fig. 8-38 Next

COMPUTER SOFTWARES

Application
Software
 Application Software
What is application software?
 Programs that perform specific tasks for users

p. 132 Fig. 3-1 Next

 Application Software
How is software distributed?
 Packaged software
 Custom software
 Shareware, distributed
free for trial period
 Freeware, copyrighted
software provided at no
cost
 Public-domain software,
freeware with no
copyright restrictions

p. 132 Fig. 3-2 Next

 Application Software
What is system software?
 Programs that control
the operations of the
computer
 Serves as the interface
between the user, the
application software,
and the computer’s
hardware

p. 133 Fig. 3-3 Next

 Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is computer-aided design (CAD)?
 Software that allows you to create engineering,
architectural, and scientific designs

p. 151 Fig. 3-22 Next

 Application Software
How do you start an application?
 From the desktop, click the Start button, point to All
Programs, and click the name of the application
 The program’s instructions load into memory

Application

Start button All Programs

p. 134 Fig. 3-4 Next

 Graphics and Multimedia Software
What are some
popular graphics
and multimedia
software products?

p. 150 Fig. 3-21 Next

 Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is desktop publishing software?
 Enables you to design and produce sophisticated
documents that contain text, graphics,
and brilliant colors

p. 151 Fig. 3-23 Next

 Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is paint/image editing software?
 Used to create and
modify graphical
images
 Sometimes called
illustration
software

p. 152 Fig. 3-24 Next

 Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is video and audio editing software?
 Video editing software allows you to modify a
segment of a video, called a clip
 Audio editing software allows you to modify
audio clips

p. 153 Fig. 3-25 Next

 Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is multimedia authoring software?
 Allows you to combine
text, graphics, audio,
video, and animation
into an interactive
presentation

p. 153 Fig. 3-26 Next

 Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is Web page authoring software?
 Allows users of all skill levels to create Web pages
 Some application software programs include Web page
authoring programs

graphical
video
images organize Web pages
manage and/or
audio animation maintain Web sites

p. 154 Next
 Applications on the Web
What is Web-based training (WBT)?
 Self-directed, self-paced
instruction on a topic
on the Web
 Distance learning (DL) is
the delivery of education
at one location while the
learning takes place at
other locations

p. 162 Fig. 3-41 Next