Artificial Intelligence 1

Artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial Intelligence is composed of two
words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial
defines "man-made," and intelligence
defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-
made thinking power.“
• So, we can define AI as:
• "It is a branch of computer science by which we
can create intelligent machines which can behave
like a human, think like humans, and able to make
decisions."
• Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine
can have human based skills such as learning,
reasoning, and solving problems
• With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to
preprogram a machine to do some work,
despite that you can create a machine with
programmed algorithms which can work with
own intelligence, and that is the awesomeness
of AI.
Why Artificial Intelligence?
• With the help of AI, you can create such software or

devices which can solve real-world problems very easily
and with accuracy such as health issues, marketing,
traffic issues, etc.
• With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual
Assistant, such as Cortana, Google Assistant, Siri, etc.
• With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can
work in an environment where survival of humans can
be at risk.
• AI opens a path for other new technologies, new
devices, and new Opportunities.
Goals of Artificial Intelligence
• Replicate human intelligence

• Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
• An intelligent connection of perception and action
• Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires
human intelligence such as:
– Proving a theorem
– Playing chess
– Plan some surgical operation
– Driving a car in traffic
• Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior,
learn new things by itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise
to its user.
What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
• Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it's so vast
and requires lots of other factors which can contribute to it. To create the AI
first we should know that how intelligence is composed, so the Intelligence
is an intangible part of our brain which is a combination of Reasoning,
learning, problem-solving perception, language understanding, etc.
• To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence
requires the following discipline:
• Mathematics
• Biology
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Computer Science
• Neurons Study
• Statistics
Types of Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial Intelligence can be categorized in

several ways, primarily based on two main
criteria: capabilities and functionality.
AI Type 1: Based on Capabilities
• Weak AI or Narrow AI: Narrow AI, also known as Weak AI, is like a
specialist in the world of Artificial Intelligence. Imagine it as a virtual
expert dedicated to performing one specific task with intelligence. For
example, think of Apple's Siri. It's pretty smart when it comes to voice
commands and answering questions, but it doesn't understand or do
much beyond that. Narrow AI operates within strict limits, and if you
ask it to step outside its comfort zone, it might not perform as
expected. This type of AI is everywhere in today's world, from self-
driving cars to image recognition on your smartphone.BM's Watson is
another example of Narrow AI. It's a supercomputer that combines
Expert Systems, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing,
but it's still a specialist. It's excellent at crunching data and providing
insights but doesn't venture far beyond its defined tasks.
• General AI: General AI, often referred to as Strong AI, is like the holy grail
of artificial intelligence. Picture it as a system that could do any
intellectual task with the efficiency of a human. General AI aims to create
machines that think and learn like humans, but here's the catch: there's
no such system in existence yet. Researchers worldwide are working
diligently to make it a reality, but it's a complex journey that will require
significant time and effort.
• Super AI: Super AI takes AI to another level entirely. It's the pinnacle of
machine intelligence, where machines surpass human capabilities in
every cognitive aspect. These machines can think, reason, solve puzzles,
make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate independently. However,
it's important to note that Super AI is currently a hypothetical concept.
Achieving such a level of artificial intelligence would be nothing short of
revolutionary, and it's a challenge that's still on the horizon.
AI Type 2: Based on Functionality
• Reactive Machines: Reactive Machines represent

the most basic form of Artificial Intelligence. These
machines live in the present moment and don't
have memories or past experiences to guide their
actions. They focus solely on the current scenario
and respond with the best possible action based on
their programming. An example of a reactive
machine is IBM's Deep Blue, the chess-playing
computer, and Google's AlphaGo, which excels at
the ancient game of Go.
• Limited Memory: Limited Memory machines
can remember some past experiences or data
but only for a short period. They use this
stored information to make decisions and
navigate situations. A great example of this
type of AI is seen in self-driving cars. These
vehicles store recent data like the speed of
nearby cars, distances, and speed limits to
safely navigate the road.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
• High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and high accuracy as it
takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
• High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of that AI systems
can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
• High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action multiple times with high
accuracy.
• Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a bomb, exploring the
ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
• Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as AI technology is
currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as per customer requirement.
• Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-driving car which can make
our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security purpose, Natural language processing to
communicate with the human in human-language, etc.
• Enhanced Security: AI can be very helpful in enhancing security, as It can detect and respond to cyber
threats in real time, helping companies protect their data and systems.
• Aid in Research: AI is very helpful in the research field as it assists researchers by processing and
analyzing large datasets, accelerating discoveries in fields such as astronomy, genomics, and materials
science.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
• High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots
of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
• Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they
cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are
trained, or programmed.
• No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does
not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human,
and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.
• Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people are
getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.
• No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but
still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative
and imaginative.
– Complexity: Making and keeping AI systems can be very complicated and need a lot of
knowledge. This can make it hard for some groups or people to use them.
– Job Concerns: As AI gets better, it might take away not just basic jobs but also some skilled ones.
This worries people about losing jobs in different fields.
Applications of AI
• Following are some sectors which have the

application of Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial intelligence

• With the help of AI, you can create such software or

• Replicate human intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence can be categorized in

• Reactive Machines: Reactive Machines represent

• Following are some sectors which have the

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