Lecture No 01

EEE-435

Industrial Electronics
Text Book: Chapter 01 (Electric motor & control system by Frank D. Petruzella)

 Introduction to Course
 Chapter 1: Industrial Safety
 PART 1 Protecting against Electrical Shock Page 5

Instructor: Usman Nasim

Class: FA17 BS (EE)
FALL 2020
Electrical Engineering Department 1
Course Objectives

On successful completion of the course the student should develop

understanding of:
• Measurement of non electrical quantities i.e. Temperature, pressure,
speed, flow control, level control etc.
• Speed control of electric machines i.e. AC, DC and servo
• Relays and PLCs
• Devices, circuits, and systems primarily used in automated
manufacturing and/or process control

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Course Learning Outcomes
• Recognize and explain the operation and specifications of a wide
variety of sensors and electronic components that are used in
industrial processes. Interpret ladder diagrams and describe how
relay and digital logic circuits successfully control variety of industrial
applications.
• Examine various AC and DC motor controller circuits that are used to
meet specific industrial requirements and show how they operate.
• Analyze the architecture of PLC, writing Ladder logic program and
process control using PLCs.

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Safety in Workplace
• Safety is the number one priority in any job.
• Every year, electrical accidents cause serious injury or death.
• Many of these casualties are young people just entering the
workplace.
• They are involved in accidents that result from
• carelessness,
• from the pressures and distractions of a new job
• or from a lack of understanding about electricity.

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Electric Shock
• The human body conducts electricity. Even low currents may cause
severe health effects.
• Spasms, burns, muscle paralysis, or death can result, depending on
the amount of the current flowing through the body, the route it
takes, and the duration of exposure.
• Body resistance can be divided into external (skin resistance) and
internal (body tissues and blood stream resistance).

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Resistance of Human Body
• Dry skin—100,000 to 600,000 Ω
• Wet skin—1,000 Ω
• Internal body (hand to foot)—400 to 600 Ω
• Ear to ear—100 Ω

 Current passed for 220 V with wet and dry skin?

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Shock Intensity Factors
• Voltage is not as reliable an indication of shock intensity
• Because the body’s resistance varies so widely that it is impossible to
predict how much current will result from a given voltage.
• The amount of current that passes through the body
• The length of time of exposure are perhaps the two most reliable
criteria of shock intensity.

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Cont.

• The pathway through the body is another factor influencing the effect
of an electric shock.

• For example, a current from hand to foot, which passes through the
heart and part of the central nervous system, is far more dangerous
than a shock between two points on the same arm.

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Electric shock related injury

• The most common electric-related injury is a burn.

• The major types of burns:

• Electric burn
• Thermal contact burn
• Arc burn

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Personal Protective Equipment

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15
• 1. Does the severity of an electric shock increase or decrease with
each of the following changes?
a. A decrease in the source voltage
b. An increase in body current flow
c. An increase in body resistance
d. A decrease in the length of time of exposure

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Hygienic work practices
•Providing information on hazards to ensure all
supported employees have a clear understanding
Providing instruction, training and
supervision to supported employees
Monitoring your work area and
employee health
Maintaining information
and records on health and safety
Summary of safety basics
 Never take a shock on purpose.
 Keep material or equipment at least 10 feet away from high-voltage
overhead power lines.
 Do not close any switch unless you are familiar with the circuit that it
controls and know the reason for its being open.
 When working on any circuit, take steps to ensure that the controlling
switch is not operated in your absence.
 Switches should be padlocked open, and warning notices should be
displayed ( lockout/tagout ).
• Avoid working on “live” circuits as much as possible.
• When installing new machinery, ensure that the framework is
efficiently and permanently grounded.
• Always treat circuits as “live” until you have proven them to be
“dead.” Presumption at this point can kill you. It is a good practice to
take a meter reading before starting work on a dead circuit.
• Avoid touching any grounded objects while working on electrical
equipment.
• Remember that even with a 120-V control system, you may well have
a higher voltage in the panel.
• Always work so that you are clear of any of the higher voltages. (Even
though you are testing a 120-V system, you are most certainly in close
proximity to 240-V or 480-V power.)
• Don’t reach into energized equipment while it is being operated. This
is particularly important in high-voltage circuits.
• Use good electrical practices even in temporary wiring for testing. At
times you may need to make alternate connections, but make them
secure enough so that they are not in themselves an electrical hazard.
• When working on live equipment containing voltages over
approximately 30-V, work with only one hand.
• Keeping one hand out of the way greatly reduces the possibility of
passing a current through the chest.
• Safely discharge capacitors before handling them. Capacitors
connected in live motor control circuits can store a lethal charge for a
considerable time after the voltage to the circuits has been switched
off.
• Although Article 460 of the National Electric Code (NEC) requires an
automatic discharge within 1 minute, never assume that the
discharge is working!
• Always verify that there is no voltage present.