Basic Principles of Ayurveda

Basic Principles of Ayurveda
and their Clinical utility

Dr. Anil D. Avhad
M.D. (Ayu.), Ph.D., M.A.
(Sanskrit)
Research officer (Ayurveda),
RARISD, Ahmedabad, CCRAS,
Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India
Basic principles
• Truth established after several examinations

with scientific reasoning– Siddhanta
• Eternal principles of Ayurveda
• Serves as pillars for understanding Ayurveda
• Basic principles are the tools for achieving good

success in Ayurvedic field
Basic principles
• Karya-karanavada (Cause and effect theory)
• Swabhavoparamavada (Theory of natural
destruction)
• Vivartavada (Theory of Pseudo perception)
• Anekantavada (Theory of multiplicity)
• Kshanabhanguravada (Theory of impermanence)
• Lok – Purusha Samya ( Theory of similarity)
Karya - Karanavada
• Foremost and major principle
• Mother of all the principles
• All other principles are evolved
in order to explain the manifestation of karya

from Karana
Karana Karya
• Cause • Di
• Health
• Treatment
•Dravya, Guna, Karma,
Karana Samanya, Vishesha,
Samavaya
Karya •Dhatusamya
Asamavayi
Samavayi Nimitta
Karana
Karya
Samavayi •Main dosha involved
Karana •Vata, Pitta, Kapha
Asamavayi •Dosha Dushya Sammurchana

•Dhatu, Srotas, Mala involved
Karana
Nimitta •Specific cause of the disease

•Faulty diet and lifestyle
Karana
• A physician should not feel ashamed if he is not
able to name the disease, as they are
innumerable.
• But instead he should know the Dosha involved,
site of the disease and cause of the disease
Swabhavoparamavad
• Theory of natural destruction

• For the production of anything particular
cause is required but for the destruction of
the same no cause is required
• Can the disease get cured by itself ? (self
healing)
Nidanaparivarjana
• According to Ayurveda first line of treatment is

‘Nidanaparivarjana’.
• Due to Negligence / unavoidnce of Nidana
(cause) the disease doesn’t get cured easily
Nidanaparivarjana
• By avoiding the causative factors and adopting

the suitable measures, the disequilibrium
state of Dhatus is corrected and healthy status
is attained.
Treatment
Vyadhi
Hetu Pratyanik
Pratyanik
Cause oriented Disease oriented

Stage of disease Treatment Principle
Sanchaya Nidanaparivarjana
(stage of accumulation)
Prakopa Nidanaparivarjana
(stage of aggravation)
Prasara Hetupratyanik
(stage of spreading)
Sthanasamshraya Hetupratyanik + Vyadhipratyanik
(stage of localisation)
Vyakti Vyadhipratyanik
(stage of manifestation)
Bheda Vyadhipratyanik + Rasayana
(Chronic stage)
Vivartavada
Vivartavada
• Theory of Pseudo perception
• Indicates about the illusion or the imaginary
knowledge of the object
• Found in Atatvabhinivesha, Unmada etc.
diseases and in Arishta Lakshana
• Mainly highlights the concept of misdiagnosis
Misdiagnosis
Physician gets confused in following conditions

• Disease which is not properly observed
• Which is not well described by patient
• Which is not examined thoroughly
Misdiagnosis - conditions
• Ashayapakarsha Gati - when dosha, in normal
condition comes in contact with those in
aggravated condition, former behaves like vitiated
dosha
• Avarana – when Vata vitiates due to occlusion of

its channels of circulation
• Ama condition – Diseases changes its symptoms

according to Sama or Nirama condition
Anekantavada
Anekantavada
• Theory of multiplicity
• According to this theory every
object has many qualities in its own
• Importance should not be given to any
particular quality
• It mainly indicates about the multiple
approach
Pancha Pancha
Bhautik karma
Line of
Treatm
Shaman ent Nadi
Chikitsa Chikitsa
Single
Yoga herb
Ahara Dosha
Satmya Dushya
Yukti
Satva Bala
Vaya Kaal
Prakriti Agni
Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa
Proper planning of medicine and diet
Treatment
Planning of medicine
Anupana
Sevan Kaal
Dose
Dosage form
Pathyapathya (Do’s and don'ts)
• If someone is consuming the wholesome food,

medicine is not required to him; if someone
not taking the prescribed food then medicine
is of no use for him
Pathyapathya (Do’s and don’t’s)
• The increase or decrease of Doshas should be

controlled by avoidance or indulgence of food
which are disliked and desired respectively
Kshanabhanguravada
Kshanabhanguravada
• Theory of Impermanence
• Every object in this universe is
temporary/momentary
• It is produced in the first moment, exists in
second moment and gets destroyed in next
moment.
Sattvavajaya Chikitsa
• Distraction of mind from harmful things

• Generally not done at OPD level due to limited
time
• Requires special counseling
Manas Chikitsa
• When a physician who even

if well versed in the knowledge
of the disease and its
treatment does not try to enter
into the heart of the patient, he will not able
to treat the disease
Lok Purusha Samya
Lok Purusha Samya
• An individual is an epitome of the universe as

all the material and spiritual phenomenon of
the universe are present in the individual and
vice-versa.
Doctrine of Signature
Doctrine of Signature
Samanya - Vishesha
• The tissue elements of the body gets

increased or decreased by the virtue of intake
of food material which is similar or dissimilar
to them respectively.
Lok Purusha Samya
Sr. Season Change in universe Change in human
no body
1 Greeshma Plants become laghu Accumulation of Vata

(Summer) and Ruksha, Katu rasa
2 Varsha Production of Amla Accumulation of Pitta

(Rainy Vipaka in plants &
season) water
3 Hemanta Plants becomes Accumulation of
(Winter) Snigdha and Sheeta, Kapha
Madhura rasa
Concluding Remarks
Theory Use in Practice
Karya – Karanavada Find out the cause
Swabhavoparamavada Rule out the cause
Vivartavada Do the differential diagnosis
well
Anekantavada Show multiple approach
Kshanabhanguravada Do the counseling well
Lok – Purusha Samya Be natural and follow the
nature
Thank
You

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Basic Principles of Ayurveda

and their Clinical utility

• Truth established after several examinations

• Serves as pillars for understanding Ayurveda

• Basic principles are the tools for achieving good

• Foremost and major principle

• Mother of all the principles

• All other principles are evolved

in order to explain the manifestation of karya

Asamavayi •Dosha Dushya Sammurchana

Nimitta •Specific cause of the disease

• Theory of natural destruction

• According to Ayurveda first line of treatment is

• By avoiding the causative factors and adopting

Cause oriented Disease oriented

Physician gets confused in following conditions

• Avarana – when Vata vitiates due to occlusion of

• Ama condition – Diseases changes its symptoms

Proper planning of medicine and diet

• If someone is consuming the wholesome food,

• The increase or decrease of Doshas should be

• Distraction of mind from harmful things

• When a physician who even

• An individual is an epitome of the universe as

• The tissue elements of the body gets

1 Greeshma Plants become laghu Accumulation of Vata

2 Varsha Production of Amla Accumulation of Pitta

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