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    03 MA2003 - Forms of Energy

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    Ridoy

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    03 MA2003 - Forms of Energy

    Uploaded by

    Ridoy
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views10 pages

    03 MA2003 - Forms of Energy

    Uploaded by

    Ridoy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    FORMS OF ENERGY, TEMPERATURE

    SCALES

    1
    3.1 FORMS OF ENERGY
    Total Energy, E = Macroscopic Forms + Microscopic Forms

    possessed by system related to molecular


    as a whole w.r.t. an structure and degree of
    external ref frame molecular activity


    E  KE  PE  U
    dV  1
    M F E  mV  mgz  U
    2
    dt
    2
    E  KE  PE  U
    For stationary closed system, E  U
    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 2
    FORMS OF ENERGY
    Internal Energy, U
    • is the sum of energies of molecules
    • is a property - includes

    U = Usensible + Ulatent

    states-of-matter_en.jar

    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 3


    3.2 ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS AND TEMPERATURE

    • if objects A and B are each in thermal


    equilibrium with object C, then A and B are in
    thermal equilibrium with each other.

    ‘A’ is in thermal ‘B’ is in thermal


    equilibrium with equilibrium with
    ‘C’ . ‘C’.
    ‘A’ and ‘B’ must be in
    thermal equilibrium
    with each other.
    Courtesy To: Prof. KT Ooi [MAE]
    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 4
    3.3 TEMPERATURE SCALES
    • All temperature scales are based on some easily
    reproducible states such as the freezing and boiling
    points of water: the ice point and the steam point.
    • Two-point scale
    • Ice point: A mixture of ice and water that
    is in equilibrium with air saturated with 100 ºC
    vapor at 1 atm pressure (0°C or 32°F).
    0 ºC
    • Steam point: A mixture of liquid water
    and water vapor (with no air) in
    equilibrium at 1 atm pressure (100°C or 0˚C
    100˚C
    212°F).

    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 5


    TEMPERATURE SCALES
    • Two-point Temperature Scale
    Xo = Value of thermometric property at 0 oC
    X100 = Value of thermometric property at 100 oC
    Xθ = Value of thermometric property at T oC

    T  0 
     X  X 0  100 oC
    100  0 X 100  X 0 
    Tθ
    T
     X  X 0 
    100
    X 100  X 0 
    0 oC
    X0 Xθ X100 X
    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 6
    CONSTANT VOLUME GAS THERMOMETER
    P100=Patm+ h100 ρg Patm
    PV=mRT

    P=mRT/ V
    Po=Patm+ ho ρg Patm
    P∞T
    P h
    h 100
    o

    Liquid
    temperature to
    be measured
    Flexible hose
    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 7
    Variation of temperature with pressure of a constant volume
    gas thermometer

    T
    100ºC
    T
    0ºC
    P P

    • T = a P + b,
    -
    273.15ºC where
    T is temperature in Celsius,
    P = pressure, a =constant.
    b = -273.150C
    8
    COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE SCALES.

    Comparison of magnitudes of various


    temperature units.
    ΔT

    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 9


    SEE YOU AGAIN IN THE NEXT LECTURE

    That’s all, folks!


    Bye now

    Content Copyright Nanyang Technological University 10

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