TI-B 103 (94) Test Method Activation Energy For The Maturity Method

TI-B 103 (94)
Test Method
Activation Energy for the Maturity Method
Danish Technological Institute

Building Technology
TI-B 103 (94)
Test Method
Activation Energy for the Maturity Method
Descriptors:
Concrete, Properties, Maturity, Activation Energy
PRELIMINARY
Version: 1
Date: March 1996
No. of pages: 5
Approved by: SOO
2
TI-B 103 (94)
Test Method Furthermore, the Activation Energy, E, is

Activation Energy for in itself temperature dependent, E =
E(θ). Therefore, it is necessary to
the Maturity Method measure the development of the
property at several temperature levels.
At temperatures higher than 20°C E is a

0. Foreword constant, while E is a variable at
This TI-B method determines Activation temperatures lower than 20°C. Generally
Energy, E(θ), for the relative rate Activation Energy is expressed as:
function H(θ) in a hardening concrete
according to the formula: E(θ) = B for θ ≥ 20°C
E(θ) = B + C(20 - θ) for θ < 20°C
 E(θ )  1 1 
H (θ) = exp   −  To determine the temperature
 R  293 273 + θ  dependence of the Activation Energy,
the development of the relevant property
The rate of reaction is calculated relative is measured at test specimens cured at
to the rate of the reaction at 20°C or 6 different temperature levels: 5, 10, 15,
293°K. For use in practice the Activation 20, 30 and 40°C.
Energy, E(θ), is determined as a function
of the temperature during the curing
process. This temperature dependence 2. References
is especially distinct at temperatures ASTM: C 1074 - 87" Standard Practice
below 20°C. for Estimating Concrete Strength by the
Maturity Method".
1. Background and Scope

This TI-B method specifies a procedure 3. Definitions
for the determination of the Activation H = Relative reaction rate relative
Energy in the Maturity Function for to the rate at 20°C
determination of the temperature exp = Exponential function, e
x
dependence of the development of E(θ) = Activation Energy, as a
concrete property. function of temperature [J/mol]
θ = Actual temperature [°C]
The rate of reaction of the curing R = The gas constant R = 8.314
process, k, as a function of temperature [J/mol]
is found from the formula: k = Rate of reaction
k1, k0 = Rate of reaction at the absolute
E  temperatures T1 and T0
k = A ⋅ exp  
 RT  T,T0,T1= Absolute temperature [°K]
A = Constant
In a diagram with 1/T as X-axis and the B, C = Constants [J/mol]
natural logarithm to k, ln k, as Y-axis, the
ratio E/R will be the slope of a straight
line cutting In A at the Y-axis. 4. Test Method
This test method determines the
The relative rate of reaction with T0 as a Activation Energy for the development of
reference is H = k1/k0 resulting in the a selected concrete property as a
formula: function of temperature.
R It is a condition of the method that the

E = (ln k 1 − ln k 0 ) ⋅
 1 1  curing takes place under conditions that
 
T − T  ensure the reaction between cement and
 0 1 water. Curing under water or
3
TI-B 103 (94)
encapsulation of the test specimens will Three test specimens are used at each
comply with such requirements. time interval.
The test is performed at relatively low Immediately after casting the test
temperatures in order to minimize the specimens are stored under water at the
reducing effect on the final level of the chosen temperatures.
properties caused by curing at high
temperatures. The setting time of the concrete is tested
at the reference temperature according
In a semi-logarithmic diagram the to DS 423.17.
concrete properties will develop along an
S-shaped curve, with the time at a At the first test interval the forms are
logarithmic X-axis and the property at a removed, and the specimens are marked
linear Y-axis. The rate characterizing the and placed in water bath until the test is
rate of the development of the property carried out.
is seen from the straight line, which is
the deflection tangent to the S-shaped The curing temperature is controlled with
curve. an accuracy of ± 1°C.
In practice the straight line is determined When the properties are tested on
by means of at least 3 measurements of specimens which have been cured at
the property made so early in the different temperatures, the development
process that it is possible to determine of the properties will follow parallel lines
the line. When deciding on the time in the diagram mentioned, as shown in
intervals for different concrete mix figure 1.
designs, it is necessary both to consider
the time of setting and to take into
account the rate of reaction at the
chosen curing temperatures. The
development of the property is measured
at 6 temperature levels.
For ordinary hardening concrete the

following table may be used as a guide:
Rela-
Tempe- Time of
rature θ
tive
setting
Time intervals Figure 1
rate, Hours Property as a function of time
[°C] Hours
H
20 1.0 5-8 12 24 36 48 In the rectilinear area the rate of reaction
5 0.3 17 - 27 40 80 120 160
is determined for each property as:
10 0.5 10 - 16 24 48 72 96
(property 1 − property 2 )
kθ =
15 0.75 7 - 11 16 32 48 64 ( time 1 − time 2 )
30 1.6 3-5 8 15 23 30
For each temperature level the
40 2.4 2-3 5 10 15 20 Activation Energy is calculated from the
formula:
5. Procedure R
Ε(θ) = (ln k θ − ln k 20 ) ⋅
The concrete specimens to be used are  1 1 
 
cast and tested in accordance with the T − T 
 20 θ
relevant standard, e.g. DS 423.21, 23,
25 and 34.
4
TI-B 103 (94)
6. Test Result
For temperatures higher than or equal to
20°C the constant activation energy is
calculated as the average of the three
values:
E (≥ 20) = (E(20) + E(30) + E(40))/3
For temperatures lower than 20°C, Cθ is

calculated at each temperature level as:
E(θ) − E(≥ 20)

Cθ =
20 − θ
The constant C is then determined as

the average:
C = (C5 + C10 + C15) / 3
The results are stated as:
E(θ) = E(≥ 20) for θ ≥ 20°C

E(θ) = E(≥ 20) + C(20-θ) for θ < 20°C
where both E(≥ 20) and C are stated

without decimals.
7. Test Report
A test report shall include at least the
following information:
a) Name and address of testing

laboratory
b) Date and identification of the report
c) Name and address of client
d) Test method (No. and title)
e) Deviation from the method, if any
f) Identification of the concrete,
including mix design
g) Date of test period
h) All related results from test of
properties and periods of testing
arranged by the level of curing
temperature
i) Table showing the calculated rates
of reaction and the corresponding
calculated values of the activation
energies.
j) Test result, refer section 6.
k) Further information of significance
for the evaluation of the results
l) Evaluation of the results, if included
in the assignment
m) Signature.

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TI-B 103 (94)

Danish Technological Institute

Concrete, Properties, Maturity, Activation Energy

Test Method Furthermore, the Activation Energy, E, is

At temperatures higher than 20°C E is a

1. Background and Scope

R It is a condition of the method that the

For ordinary hardening concrete the

E (≥ 20) = (E(20) + E(30) + E(40))/3

For temperatures lower than 20°C, Cθ is

E(θ) − E(≥ 20)

The constant C is then determined as

C = (C5 + C10 + C15) / 3

The results are stated as:

E(θ) = E(≥ 20) for θ ≥ 20°C

where both E(≥ 20) and C are stated

a) Name and address of testing

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