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Lecture 1

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14 views

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

mayaraedh.e
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Introduction of Structural

Design
Prof. Dr. Khair Al-Deen Bsisu
Distributed Loads on Slab
• Dead Load: All permanent loads such as: self load, back fill, tiles,
partition walls, plaster…

• Live Load: All removable loads such as: furniture, machines,


occupants…
Dead Load
• The dead load refers to permanent loads which act on a building, such
as the self-weight of structural elements (like concrete slabs and
beams) and non-structural building components (like roofing,
windows and flooring). The weight is calculated and then applied to
the structural member that carries it.
Calculation of Dead Load
• How the dead load is calculated depends on the structural element
that needs to withstand the load.
• For example, the dead load of a slab is usually calculated as an area
load (kN/m2) because the slab itself – 2D static element – needs to
carry the load.
Self dead load
• gk = Density of element ⋅ thickness
• Example
The Area dead load of a concrete slab with a density of 2400
kg/m3 and a thickness of 18 cm is calculated as:

• Now, as engineers don’t use kg in their calculations any more, the unit
needs to be transferred from kg to kN [Kilonewton].
• To get kN you need to multiply the result by 0.0098. Or, in most
structural engineering cases it’s enough to multiply it by 0.01
Back fill dead load
• Example
The Area dead load of a back fill with a density of 1800
kg/m3 and a thickness of 15 cm is calculated as:

• To get kN you need to multiply the result by 0.01


Live Loads
Load transfer from a slab to beams
• The transfer of loads from a slab to beams is controlled by the slab's
geometrical dimension and the direction of reinforcements. The load
of the slab, including self-weight, live load, and imposed dead load,
are distributed over the beams on their sides.
• The slab loads are expressed in weight per unit area, whereas the
loads of beams are expressed in units of weight per length of the
beam.
• If the slab has regular dimensions, the load transfer can be carried out
easily and quickly. However, if it has an irregular shape, it is
recommended to use suitable programs
One-way Slab
If a slab is supported on two sides only or supported on all four sides,
but the longer side to shorter side ratio is greater than 2, it is termed as
one-way slab.

2
Two-way Slab
Loads on a two-way slab are transferred
to all beams on all the sides. So, each
beam supports an amount of the load
from the slab. The slab is commonly
divided into trapezoidal and triangular
areas by drawing lines from each corner
of the rectangle at 45 degrees.
Beam Distribute Load Calculation from a
Slab
The beam's distributed load is computed by multiplying the segment area
(trapezoidal or triangular area) by the slab's unit load divided by the beam
length. For an interior beam, the portion of the other side's slab weight is
estimated in a similar way and added to the previous one, i.e., the slab's
load from the other side of the beam. So, interior beams take loads from
both the sides.

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