Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 435 views

    Phylogeny and Systematics

    Uploaded by

    zorbax
    The document discusses phylogeny and systematics. It defines phylogeny as the evolutionary history of a species or group, and systematics as using comparisons to infer evolutionary relationships. It explains that organisms more closely related share more similar morphologies and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees depict these evolutionary relationships, showing branching points that represent divergence of species. While taxonomy groups organisms based on characteristics, phylogenetic systematics determines evolutionary history.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd

    Phylogeny and Systematics

    Uploaded by

    zorbax
    435 views11 pages
    The document discusses phylogeny and systematics. It defines phylogeny as the evolutionary history of a species or group, and systematics as using comparisons to infer evolutionary relationships. It explains that organisms more closely related share more similar morphologies and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees depict these evolutionary relationships, showing branching points that represent divergence of species. While taxonomy groups organisms based on characteristics, phylogenetic systematics determines evolutionary history.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses phylogeny and systematics. It defines phylogeny as the evolutionary history of a species or group, and systematics as using comparisons to infer evolutionary relationships. It explains that organisms more closely related share more similar morphologies and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees depict these evolutionary relationships, showing branching points that represent divergence of species. While taxonomy groups organisms based on characteristics, phylogenetic systematics determines evolutionary history.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt or pdf
    435 views11 pages

    Phylogeny and Systematics

    Uploaded by

    zorbax
    The document discusses phylogeny and systematics. It defines phylogeny as the evolutionary history of a species or group, and systematics as using comparisons to infer evolutionary relationships. It explains that organisms more closely related share more similar morphologies and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees depict these evolutionary relationships, showing branching points that represent divergence of species. While taxonomy groups organisms based on characteristics, phylogenetic systematics determines evolutionary history.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt or pdf
    of 11

    Phylogeny and

    Systematics
    putting things in order
    Definitions
    • Phylogeny (group origin)
    – The evolutionary history of a species or
    group of related species
    • Systematics
    – The use of morphological (appearance),
    and molecular comparisons to infer
    evolutionary relationships

    23.1
    Determining Phylogeny
    • Organisms that share very similar
    morphologies or similar DNA
    sequences are likely to be more closely
    related than organisms with vastly
    different structures or sequences

    Phylogenetic Tree
    Analogy vs. Homology
    • A potential
    misconception in
    constructing a phylogeny
    – Is morphological similarity
    due to convergent
    evolution, called analogy,
    rather than shared
    ancestry, called homology

    23.2
    Carolus Linnaeus Developed
    • Taxonomy
    – the organization of organisms into
    categories based on a set of
    characteristics
    • Binomial nomenclature
    – the two-part format of the scientific name
    of an organism (genus and species)
    – The genus is capitalized and both words
    are italicized in print
    23.3
    Hierarchical Classification
    • Linnaeus also introduced a system
    – For grouping species in increasingly
    broad categories
    Panthera
    Species pardus

    Panthera
    Genus

    Felidae
    Family

    Carnivora
    Order

    Mammalia
    Class

    Phylum Chordata

    Animalia
    Kingdom
    23.3/23.4
    Eukarya
    Domain
    How is taxonomic classification
    different from phylogenetic
    systematics?
    Phylogenetic
    Taxonomy
    Systematics

    Does not Determines


    consider Groups organisms evolutionary
    evolutionary using specific history
    history characters
    Linking Taxonomy and
    Phylogeny
    • Systematists depict

    Species
    Panthera Mephitis Lutra lutra Canis Canis

    evolutionary pardus mephitis (European familiaris lupus


    (leopard) (striped skunk) otter) (domestic dog) (wolf)

    relationships
    – In branching
    Genus
    Panthera Mephitis Lutra Canis

    phylogenetic trees
    Family
    called cladograms Felidae Mustelidae Canidae
    Order

    Carnivora

    23.5
    • Each branch point
    – Represents the divergence of two species

    Leopard Domestic cat

    Common ancestor
    23.5
    • “Deeper” branch points
    – Represent progressively greater amounts
    of divergence

    Wolf Leopard Domestic cat

    Common ancestor
    23.5
    Cladistics
    Cladistics

    ian
    ila

    ib

    R an
    ph

    et

    ph
    el

    se
    – the use of cladograms to

    so

    m
    nc

    sh

    rd

    ou
    Am

    Hu
    ro

    at
    La

    Bi
    Fi
    D

    M
    Mesozoic Cenozoic
    compare the evolutionary

    65.5
    history of different groups
    – depicts the number of

    251
    evolutionary changes with lines

    Paleozoic
    of different lengths

    542
    Proterozoic

    Millions of
    years ago

    23.5

    You might also like