File Formats by Khalil

File Formats
By: Khalil Ullah Khalil

MS-IT (Leading to PhD)
File Formats
Every time you create a document or a graphic
on a computer, the item is saved with a
particular file format.
Example: Yourname.doc has a .doc file format,
which identifies it a MS word file.
Just like different software programs are

designed to perform particular functions,
different file formats are good at performing
different tasks.
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Native file formats
When you save a file using a particular program, that
program assigns its own individual format that is known
as a native file format.
Examples:
3Ds Max = .3ds
Photoshop = .psd
MS Excel = .xls
Corel Draw = .cdr
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Native file formats
The native file format has advantages
when you are working with the assigning
program. For example, layers are retained
when you save a Photoshop image with its
native .psd file, but the layers are not
available if you save the image what some
other formats.
Some companies design all of their

products to work together, but you can
have problems when you attempt to go
from one company's product to another
company's product.
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Non-native file formats
The type of files that a program will
“open” or “save as” (other than its
native format) vary with the individual
program that you are using. Examples
include bmp, jpeg, and txt files.
Some software application programs
will import (open) a wide range of
other file formats, some will not.
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File Compression
Compressed files are files that have been altered to produce a
smaller file size ( uses less memory).
Algorithms are programs that are written into software for file
compression.
There are two types of file compression, lossy and lossless.
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Lossy Compression
Lossy compression results in a loss of data, and
in turn, a loss of image quality. A picture saved
with lossy compression may not look as good as
the original image.
Lossy compression removes bits of color
information in order to reduce file size.
Once compressed, the image is permanently
altered.
Each compression change reduces image
quality
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Lossless Compression
Lossless compression reduces the
size of the image but results in an
image that looks exactly the same
as the original.
LZW (Lempel, Ziv, and Welch) is a

popular lossless compression
algorithm.
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Image File Formats
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
TIFF is the best format for files that must go MAC
cross-platform such as from a Windows
system to a Macintosh computer.
TIFF image are widely used and accepted
within professional printing operations
since it is of high quality.
A TIFF Image can be a raster or a bitmapped
image.
TIFF images can be compressed using the
lossless LZW compression system. PC
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Image File Formats
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
JPEG is actually a compression
algorithm for static images, not a file
format.
JPEG’s are popular for photographs,
artistic, and other complex images
because they permit you to have 24 bit
(16.7 million) color.
The JPEG compression algorithm
produces lossy compression. The
algorithm exploits limitations of the
human eye such as our inability to
perceive small color details or details of
light and dark.
23/07/24 10
Image File Formats
JPEG cont’d
Most programs that create JPEG
compression allow you to vary how
much compression occurs so that you
can trade off file size for image quality.
The more compression that you use, the
smaller the file size, but the greater the
loss in image quality.
A loss of quality might be acceptable for
images that are used for images that are
going to be printed.
JPEG’s distort and blur color graphics.
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Image File Formats
GIF (Graphical Interchange
Format)
GIF's are compressed graphic
images that are platform with
independent for use in any
computer.
It is a lossless format that uses
LZW compression. It
compresses at a ratio between
3:1 and 5:1.
A GIF will support a maximum
of 256 (8-bit) colors and is
better suited for less complex
images such as cartoons, simple With out
clips art, or text.
GIF images support
transparency.
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Image File Formats
GIF cont’d
Because CompuServe created GIF for
use on the web, most have a
resolution of 72 ppi, which does not
make them very good for professional
printing.
GIF’s can be animated. The animation
involves having additional image
frames overlaying the main frame in a
timed sequence.
GIF compression is very good for use
on images that contain lots of solid
color.
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Image File Formats
BMP (bitmap)
BMP files are used for bitmap
images within the windows
operating systems.
Most often used for certain
screen backgrounds for
Windows operating system.
Can be compressed and other
controls applied, but it is
seldom used by third party
software.
23/07/24 14
Image File Formats
AVI (Audio Visual Interleaved)
AVI’s are sound and motion
picture files that were
developed by Microsoft for
storing audio and video data.
AVI is a popular and widely
distributed format because is
can be displayed using the
Windows Media Player that
comes with Microsoft
operating system
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File Formats by Khalil

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File Formats

By: Khalil Ullah Khalil

Just like different software programs are

Some companies design all of their

There are two types of file compression, lossy and lossless.

LZW (Lempel, Ziv, and Welch) is a

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