The Circulatory System, Nervous System - 102643

THE
CIRCULATO
RY SYSTEM
The role of the heart,
blood and blood vessels
Learning
Outcome
Define the main parts Describe the role of

of the human the heart, blood and
circulatory system. blood vessels.
THE HUMAN
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Function Main Parts
To transport blood, Has three main parts: the
oxygen and nutrients heart, blood vessels
to the body and blood
THE HEART right atrium
left atrium
It works as a pump to move the

blood around the body.
It has four chambers—two atria

(upper chambers) and two
ventricles (lower chambers). right ventricle
left ventricle
THE HEART
Let’s examine how blood flows through the heart.
from upper
The right atrium takes in body
1 blood carrying carbon dioxide.
to left
lung
1
Blood is squeezed down into
2 the right ventricle and taken
to the lungs, where oxygen
replaces carbon dioxide. 2
THE
HEART
Let’s examine how blood flows through the heart.
Oxygen-carrying blood
to body 3 from the lungs enters
the left atrium.
3
from left lung Blood is pumped into
the left ventricle and
4 starts its journey again
4 throughout the body.
body Right Atrium Left Atrium
lungs
A sample diagram of how
blood flows through the
heart.
Right
Left Ventricle
Ventricle
lungs body
BLOOD
It is a special fluid primarily
contained within the blood
vessels.
It has four main components—

red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets and plasma.
BLOOD
Our blood has four main components:
Red Blood Platelets

Cells
carry oxygen, gather at the site
nutrients and of injury and help
wastes the clotting
process
White Blood Cells Plasma
fight diseases and straw-coloured

protect the body liquid where the
from infection other components
float in
BLOOD
plasma
When someone has a blood test, a white blood cells

small amount of blood is taken and and platelets
kept in a tube for testing. red blood
cells
To closely examine it, blood
undergoes component separation.
One common method involves Blood is divided into its
spinning it at very high speeds in a components, with the heaviest
centrifuge. parts at the bottom.
BLOOD
VESSELS
These are tubes or channels that
carry blood throughout our body.
There are three types of blood

vessels—veins, arteries and
capillaries. Each one differs in
size and structure.
BLOOD
VESSELS
Let’s take a closer look at the three types of blood vessels:
It has the thickest wall of all three, allowing it to

Arter
withstand the high pressure created by the heart.
y
It has the thinnest wall to allow substances such

Capillar as oxygen and sugars to pass through its wall—into
y or out of the blood.
It is less muscular and stretchy than an artery,

Vein so blood moves through it with low pressure. It also
has a special valve that helps blood go only one
way.
BLOOD
VESSELS
Each type of blood vessel has a unique role in the circulatory system.
Artery Capillary Vein

Carries blood Assists in the Carries blood back
away from the exchange of towards the
heart substances between heart
the blood and tissues
TIP Remember ‘A’ for ‘artery’ and ‘away’ from the

heart!
A
RECAP
The circulatory system delivers oxygen and
nutrients to the body, while also removing
wastes.
Heart Blood Blood Vessels

Muscular organ that has Has four components: Has three types:
four chambers plasma, red blood cell, arteries, veins and
white blood cell and capillaries
Pumps blood around platelets
the body Serve as channels for
Carries oxygen, nutrients the blood
and wastes
The
Human
Nervous
System
The Nervous System
The nervous system acts as the body's central

control center and communication network,
enabling us to move, think, feel, and react to
our surroundings.
Central Nervous
System
Brain: The brain is the boss of the nervous system. It controls
everything we do, including thinking, feeling, and moving. It also
processes information from our senses
Spinal Cord: The spinal cord is like a highway that connects the brain
to the rest of the body. It sends messages back and forth between
the brain and different body parts.
Peripheral
Nervous System
Nerves: These are like wires that connect the brain and spinal cord
to the rest of the body. They carry messages to and from the brain
and spinal cord.
Somatic Nervous System: This part controls voluntary movements,

like walking or picking up a pencil.
Autonomic Nervous System: This part controls involuntary actions,

like your heartbeat and digestion. It has two main parts:
Functions of the
Nervous System
Sensory Input: The nervous system gathers information from our
senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell) and sends it to the
brain.
Integration: The brain processes this information and makes

decisions about what to do.
Motor Output: The brain sends signals to muscles and glands to

make the body respond, like moving your hand away from
something hot or releasing hormones.
Neurons
Neurons are the main cells in the nervous system. They carry messages throughout
the body.
Each neuron has:

Dendrites: They receive messages from other neurons.
Axon: It sends messages to other neurons or body parts.

Synapse: This is the tiny gap between neurons where messages are passed.
Glial Cells
Glial cells aka helper cells, play a crucial

role in supporting and safeguarding
neurons. They supply nutrients,
eliminate waste, and assist in
maintaining the proper functioning of
neurons.
How It Operates
Electrical Signals: Neurons send messages using electrical impulses. These

travel along the axon to the synapse.
Chemical Signals: At the synapse, the message is turned into a chemical signal
using neurotransmitters. These chemicals cross the synapse and pass the
message to the next neuron.
The nervous system plays a vital role in all our actions. It
enables us to engage with the world, maintains the function of
our organs, and facilitates learning and memory processes.
Exploring its functions can lead to improved health and overall
well-being.
THANK YOU 🤍

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THE

Define the main parts Describe the role of

It works as a pump to move the

It has four chambers—two atria

It has four main components—

Red Blood Platelets

White Blood Cells Plasma

fight diseases and straw-coloured

When someone has a blood test, a white blood cells

There are three types of blood

It has the thickest wall of all three, allowing it to

It has the thinnest wall to allow substances such

It is less muscular and stretchy than an artery,

Artery Capillary Vein

TIP Remember ‘A’ for ‘artery’ and ‘away’ from the

Heart Blood Blood Vessels

The nervous system acts as the body's central

Somatic Nervous System: This part controls voluntary movements,

Autonomic Nervous System: This part controls involuntary actions,

Integration: The brain processes this information and makes

Motor Output: The brain sends signals to muscles and glands to

Each neuron has:

Axon: It sends messages to other neurons or body parts.

Glial cells aka helper cells, play a crucial

Electrical Signals: Neurons send messages using electrical impulses. These

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