Earthquake Resistant Structure (Seismic Analysis)

The document discusses earthquake resistant building design techniques. It begins by defining earthquakes and explaining seismology, the study of seismic waves. It then discusses different types of ground shaking caused by earthquakes like shaking, landslides, and liquefaction. It introduces earthquake zones and describes earthquake resistant design as designing buildings to resist seismic forces. Popular techniques discussed include shear walls, bracing, seismic dampers, isolation, bands, and rollers. Specific techniques like shear walls, bracing, dampers, base isolation, horizontal bands, and expansion joints are explained. Suggestions for earthquake resistant design and construction are provided.

This document provides an overview of different seismic analysis methods for reinforced concrete buildings according to Indian code IS 1893-2002, including linear static, nonlinear static, linear dynamic, and nonlinear dynamic analysis. It describes the basic procedures for each analysis type and provides examples of how to calculate design seismic base shear, distribute seismic forces vertically and horizontally, and determine drift and overturning effects. Case studies are presented comparing the results of static and dynamic analysis for regular and irregular multi-storey buildings modeled in SAP2000.

The opinion that designing new buildings to be Earthquake resistant will cause substantial additional costs is still among the constructional professionals. In a country of moderate seismicity adequate seismic resistance of new buildings may be achieved at no or no significant additional cost however the expenditure needed to ensure adequate seismic resistance may depend strongly on the approach selected during the conceptual design phase and the relevant design method. Regarding the conceptual design phase early collaboration between the architect and civil engineering is crucial.

Retrofitting: Upgrading of certain building systems (existing structures) to make them more resistant to seismic activity.

This document discusses guidelines for constructing earthquake resistant masonry buildings. It begins by defining earthquakes and outlining key precautions in planning like ensuring buildings are light, symmetrical, regular, and simple in design. It then discusses failure mechanisms of masonry structures, including out-of-plane failure and connection failure. The document provides suggestions for new masonry buildings in seismic areas, such as using quality materials, limiting building size and height, and reinforcing wall connections.

Pushover is a static-nonlinear analysis method where a structure is subjected to gravity loading and a monotonic displacement-controlled lateral load pattern which continuously increases through elastic and inelastic behavior until an ultimate condition is reached. Lateral load may represent the range of base shear induced by earthquake loading, and its configuration may be proportional to the distribution of mass along building height, mode shapes, or another practical means. The static pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The expectation is that the pushover analysis will provide adequate information on seismic demands imposed by the design ground motion on the structural system and its components. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the basic concepts on which the pushover analysis can be based, assess the accuracy of pushover predictions, identify conditions under which the pushover will provide adequate information and, perhaps more importantly, identify cases in which the pushover predictions will be inadequate or even misleading.

This document summarizes techniques for seismic retrofitting of existing structures. It defines seismic retrofitting as modifying structures to make them more resistant to earthquakes. Common retrofitting techniques discussed include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, jacketing columns and beams, using innovative materials like fiber reinforced polymers, base isolation using elastomeric bearings or sliding systems, and installing seismic dampers. The document also discusses retrofitting performance objectives, codes and guidelines, and provides examples of retrofitted structures.

This document discusses retrofitting of buildings. It begins with an introduction to retrofitting, which is defined as modifying existing structural members to increase resistance to loads. The document then covers the goals of retrofitting such as increasing lateral strength and ductility. It also discusses the need for retrofitting, including when buildings are not designed to code or seismic zones are upgraded. The stages of retrofitting and methods for assessing building condition are outlined. Common retrofitting techniques like concrete and steel jacketing are described and examples of retrofitted structures in Balochistan are provided.

The devastating Effects of earthquake is notable to all. Recently we all saw the destruction of nepal by the same. So if we increasing the resistance of building to earthquake we can reduce its effect as we cannot stop the earthquake!!!

This document provides an overview of earthquake resistant design of structures. It discusses key topics like seismology, seismic zonation maps, and various methods of earthquake analysis for structural design purposes. These include equivalent static analysis, nonlinear static (pushover) analysis, response spectrum dynamic analysis, and time history dynamic analysis. Load combinations for accounting for multi-directional ground shaking are also addressed. The document serves as a reference for understanding earthquake effects on structures and performing appropriate seismic analyses.

This File comprises of a general information and guidelines for construction of Earthquake Resistant buildings, Its a basic study of the same and may help students and learners for overall information of this technology.

This document analyzes the seismic behavior of structures during pounding. Pounding occurs when adjacent structures collide during earthquakes due to insufficient separation distance and differences in their dynamic characteristics. Three cases were modeled: 1) Two equal buildings, 2) Buildings of different heights but equal floor levels, 3) Equal height buildings but different floor levels. Results showed pounding increases displacements and accelerations, and causes large inertial forces. Irregular positioning or small separation distances risk inaccurate seismic design by ignoring pounding effects. Proper separation is needed to allow free movement and accurate structural design.

The document describes the seismic analysis and design of a multistoried reinforced concrete building. It discusses the objectives, background, literature review, methodology, and concepts for reducing earthquake effects. The methodology section explains the functional and structural planning, load assessment including gravity and lateral loads, preliminary design of structural elements like slabs, beams and columns. It also discusses drift calculation and load path. The design and detailing section provides details on the design of structural components like slab, beam, column, staircase, footing and basement wall based on Indian codes.

The document discusses ductility and ductile detailing in reinforced concrete structures. It states that structures should be designed to have lateral strength, deformability, and ductility to resist earthquakes with limited damage and no collapse. Ductility allows structures to develop their full strength through internal force redistribution. Detailing of reinforcement is important to avoid brittle failure and induce ductile behavior by allowing steel to yield in a controlled manner. Shear walls are also discussed as vertical reinforced concrete elements that help structures resist earthquake loads in a ductile manner.

Dampers are mechanical systems that dissipate earthquake energy by deforming or yielding. They absorb seismic energy, reducing forces on structures and controlling building oscillations. Common types include hydraulic dampers using fluid flow, electro-rheological fluid dampers using variable viscosity fluids, metallic dampers using hysteretic behavior of metals, steel dampers using frame deformation, and friction dampers using clamped friction surfaces. Shape memory alloys also dissipate energy through large strain recovery without damage. Dampers direct earthquake energy to dissipating devices within structures, transforming mechanical energy into heat.