Graphene

PRESENTED BY
B132001
K.JANARDHAN
E2-ece
Panel no-11
Rgukt basar

CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION
•WHAT IS GRAPHNE
•STRUCTUREOF GRAPHENE
•PROPERTIESOF GRAPHENE
•APPLICATIONS INVARIOUS FIELDS
•GRAPENE INADVANCED MOBILETECHNOLOGY
•ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
•FUTURE
• CONLUSION

Abstract
Graphene,the two-dimensional powerhouse ,packs extreme
durability, electrical conductivity,and transparency into a one-atom-
thick sheet of carbon
This leads to many properties that are electrically beneficial such
as high electron mobility and low power usage.It is thinnest,
flexible and strongest material.
Graphene is a Carbon based wonder material and atoms
arranged in Honeycomb structure.

INTRODUCTION
Gaphene is a Carbon based
wonder material and atoms arranged in
Honeycomb structure.
It is thinnest, flexible and
Strongest material
Graphene ,an emerging material
 that could change the way of
electronic components
Graphene is currently in its infant
stages
and is undergoing many applications
from IT to energy to medicine


•What is graphene?
Graphene is physically acts as a 2-D material ever discoverd in the nature.
▪ Single layer of graphite is known as graphene''.
▪ Graphite was discovered in 1564 at Seathwaite (Borrowdale),
Northumberland
Graphene can be synthesized from Graphite to create the thinnest,
strongest and most conductivematerial know today
Graphene is the basic structural element of some carbon allotropes including
graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes & fullerenes.

STRUCTURE
 2D Hexagonal structure.
 Van der wall’s force of attraction.
 Strong bonds.
 Bond length 0.142 nm.
 Long chain of interlinked,hexagonal lattice.
sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms

History
The theory behind the substance graphene was first explored by theoretical physicist
Philip Wallace in 1947.
In 1960’s it was believed that physically graphene cannot exist abecause of
thermodynamic unstability
Graphene in itself however wasn't discovered until 2004 in its full observable and testable
form
Since then, in the past 6 years, scientists have discovered that the substance retains some
amazing properties.
Graphene is the only 2-Dimensional crystal in the world.This is
remarkable
because the existence of 2-D crystal has often doubted in the
past namely due to ''merin-wagner theorem
IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHENE:

GRAPHENE:Discovery
The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin
Novoselov at theUniversity of Manchester.
Sir Andre K. Geim,
FRS
Sir Kostya Novoselov
FRS
•The University of
3 million sheets of graphene stacked on one another are 1millimeter thick..

GRAPHENE: Synthesis
Two basic techniques used are :
1)To cleave multi layer graphite into single layers. (EXFOLIATION)
2) By depositing one layer of Carbon onto another material (EPITAXY)
Exfoliation Method Scotch tape technique

PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
• high electron mobility at room temperature 15,000 cm2·V−1·s−1.
• Intrinsic graphene is a semi-metal or zero-gap semiconductor.
Fermilevel can be controlled by doping for good conduction
Graphene has extraordinary elasticity, flexibility and stiffness and high
ensile strength.
Graphene is one of the world's thinnest and strongest and very light weight
.e 0.77mg/m2 ) material.
lLow resistivity

Potential Applications:
Graphene is being currently being tested by researchers and the
following applications are considered:
lThe "wonder material" graphene could be used to make bulletproof
armour.
l Graphene could find uses in computing, energy, medicine and
other fields.
lOrganic light-emitting diodes(OLED)s
lReplacing silicon in transistors
lCan replace graphite in brushes of motors.
Integrated circuits
It is 10 times faster than COPPER.

What makes Graphene different from others???
 Unique structure.
 All in one properties.
 Low cost.
 Abundant element.
 Simple fabrication techniques.
 Chemically inert.
 Thermal stability.
•Break-over voltage of graphene is less than 0.3V, & that of
silicon is 0.3 Volt
•Resistivity of the graphene sheet would be 10−6 Ω·cm, Electrical
resistivity of the silicon 103 Ω·m.

Electronics Engineering
Will definitely replace silicon and
germanium as device material.
Conducting material on PCBs.
Single molecule sensors
Touchscreens
Graphene transistor.
Graphene integrated circuits.
Graphene chips.
Solar cells

SUPERFAST INTERNET
By combining graphene with metallic
nanostructures, they show a 20-fold
enhancement in harvesting light by
graphene, paves advances in high-speed
internet and other communications.
Graphene devices can be incredibly fast
and potentially hundred times faster
than communication rates in the fastest
internet cables..

•The Future of graphene
•▪ Nokia G-Flex™, Morph™
•▪ Samsung Galaxy Skin™
•▪ Supercapacitor batteries
•▪ Water filters
•…
GRAPHENE might be stuffed into your pocket or wrapped computers
around your wrist like watch.

lIndia is in second place in production of graphite i.e 150 metric
tonnes for year and china in 1st place.
lFUTURE SCOPE:
lGraphene will change the world more than techological
development since invention of the silicon chip.
lAbout 1% of graphene mixed into plastics could make them
conductive.
lThese use of graphene could revolutionize the electric car
industry.

CONCLUSION
•– We are convinced that exploiting the full potential of
graphene will have huge impacts on society at large.
•Better ,efficent & elegent replacement for semiconductor
based eletronics devices
•Energy efficient as compared to other material.
•Using low cost devices, transparent flexible displays and
touch screens based on graphene seamlessly integrated with
plastic.
•In future New Material, Graphene may replace Silicon in
Technology Industry as Experts say..

REFERENCES:
http://www.graphenea.com
http://www.beilstein-journals.org
Dream touch-screens from graphene at Rice University
[Video].Available:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8TrTWdzon4
GRAPHENE
Link site:http://www.focusgraphite.com/technology/graphene
-RISING STAR

Graphene

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