Present status & future prospects in marine aquaculture

The document provides information about the mud crab (Scylla serrata), including its classification, distribution, ecology, and methods for farming and hatchery management. It notes that mud crabs are found naturally in the Indo-Pacific region and are an economically important species. Mud crab farming can be done using grow-out systems, where young crabs are raised for 5-6 months until market size, or fattening systems, where soft-shelled crabs are raised for a shorter period. Hatchery management involves broodstock selection and care, spawning and larval rearing techniques, and achieving survival rates as high as 18.1% compared to the world average of 3-3.5

This document provides an overview of inland fisheries resources around the world. It discusses the major inland fishing areas, types of inland fisheries, and freshwater zoo-geographic regions. Some key points include: - India is the second largest producer of fish globally, with inland fisheries contributing over 6 million metric tonnes annually. - Major inland fishing areas include lakes, reservoirs, rivers and flood plains across Southeast Asia, North America, Africa, and northern Asia. - Inland fisheries include commercial, small-scale, and recreational activities utilizing a range of gear from nets to trawlers. - Freshwater regions are divided into six zoo-geographic regions including the Nearctic, Neot

The document describes the life cycle and development of the typical penaeid prawn Penaeus monodon. It discusses that wild gravid females spawn in open sea, and the planktonic larval stages last about 2 weeks until postlarvae are found in coastal and estuarine areas. The postlarvae then develop into juveniles and adults in estuaries before returning to sea to spawn. It outlines the 5 stages of ovarian development and spawning, where a female can produce 500,000-1,000,000 eggs per spawn. The document then details the characteristics and duration of the nauplius, protozoea, mysis, and postlarval stages in the praw

Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand. History Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country. Important characteristics of Indian major carps:- Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in

Gill nets are widely used passive fishing nets that capture fish via their gills. They can be operated in various ways - set vertically in the water column, drifting in currents, or encircling an area. Gill nets are selective for certain species depending on mesh size and can be used to catch fish living in surface waters, midwaters, or along the bottom. While gill nets are effective at harvesting target species, they also result in accidental bycatch of non-target animals and can continue to capture fish if lost or abandoned, known as ghost fishing.

The document discusses site assessment and selection criteria for aquaculture engineering projects. It outlines various physical, chemical, biological, and engineering factors that should be considered when selecting a project site. Key criteria include meteorological and hydrological conditions, soil type and quality, water quality parameters, characteristics of the culture species, availability of infrastructure like electricity, workshops, pumps, and aeration facilities. The site also needs to consider factors like accessibility, availability of materials, labor, transportation, and proximity to markets.

A fish hatchery is a facility where fish eggs are hatched and fish are reared through early life stages. Hatcheries provide fish seed for aquaculture and some fisheries by spawning, hatching, and caring for various fish and shellfish species. Factors to be considered in hatchery design include site selection, water supply and disposal systems, equipment selection, and developing floor plans. Tanks can be circular or rectangular and are used for rearing fish at different life stages.

This chapter provides a general introduction to finfish taxonomy. It discusses the importance of studying finfish taxonomy and defines key terms like taxonomy, taxa, classification, and systematics. It outlines the three stages of taxonomy - alpha, beta, and gamma taxonomy. Finally, it describes the principal tasks of taxonomists, which include identifying fish species, conducting taxonomic revisions, and studying evolutionary links between species. The document establishes the foundation for understanding the principles and practice of finfish taxonomy.

The document provides an overview of the global and national scenario of the ornamental fisheries trade and its future scope. Some key points: - Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines are among the top exporting countries, while the USA, UK, Germany, Japan, and the Netherlands are the largest importers. - India has over 100 indigenous freshwater ornamental fish species and potential marine species, but its share of the global ornamental fish trade is only 0.008%. There is room to increase domestic breeding and exports. - The ornamental fish trade provides opportunities for small entrepreneurs and employment. Increased research, production facilities, and public-private partnerships could help make the industry more

Traditional aquaculture practices have been used in India for centuries, as documented in ancient texts. These include brackish water shrimp and fish farming using tidal flows. In western India, Bhery culture involves constructing ponds surrounded by earthen dykes, with sluice gates to control tidal water entry and drainage. Sea water and naturally occurring plankton and organic matter support fish growth. In southern India, Pokkali fields use similar tidal flooding of rice paddies for shrimp culture after the rice is harvested. These traditional low-input methods continue today in some areas, though productivity is low.

deals with the classification and characters of fishes belongs to order clupeiformes along with all family and generic characters

- Mugil cephalus, commonly known as the striped mullet, is an euryhaline fish that is cultured alone or with other fish species like tilapia. - Grey mullet has been farmed for centuries in extensive and semi-intensive ponds in places like the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Egypt. - Major producing countries include Italy, Israel, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Mullet is found worldwide in coastal waters except for some regions in the Americas.

The document discusses India's inland water resources including rivers, reservoirs, lakes, tanks, ponds, wetlands, lagoons and estuaries. It notes that rivers cover over 1.9 lakh km and reservoirs cover over 3.15 million hectares. Major river systems include the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, and rivers along the east and west coasts. Inland fisheries production has increased from 0.75 million tonnes in 1950-51 to over 8 million tonnes in 2009-10. States like West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh are major producers.

This document defines aquaculture as the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. It involves interventions like regular stocking, feeding, and protection from predators to enhance production. India has a long coastline and extensive water resources that are well suited for aquaculture. The purpose of aquaculture includes increasing food production and income, as well as generating employment. There are various types of aquaculture defined by factors like the water system used, type of water, stocking combinations, and integration with other farming systems.

The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions. 9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish Orangethroat Darter. Three-Spined Stickleback. Orange-Spotted Sunfish. Diamond Sturgeon. Siberian Sturgeon. Sterlet. Fathead Minnow. Southern redbelly dace. Tench. Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in … Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium … Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb … Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin . Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.

This document provides information on fish and shrimp seed identification. It defines the different life stages of fish from hatchling to fingerling and describes their characteristics. Hatchling emerges from fertilized eggs with a yolk sac. As the yolk is absorbed, it becomes a spawn with a formed mouth. At 1-2 cm, it is a fry that feeds on zooplankton. A fingerling is 10-15 cm in size, suitable for stocking. Seed quality is determined by factors like uniform size and age, disease resistance, and genetic potential. Good hatchery and nursery management through practices like disease control are important to achieve quality seed.

This document discusses cage aquaculture in India, specifically in Chhattisgarh state. It provides background on the history and evolution of cage culture, describes common cage designs and materials. Key points covered include common species cultured, stocking densities, benefits and risks. Statistics on cage culture in Chhattisgarh and other Indian states are also presented. The document concludes by stating that cage culture is a viable method for utilizing open reservoirs and providing employment opportunities.

http://www.whataremangroves.com What are Mangroves? What makes them so interesting? What are the threats?

Mangroves in Asia are threatened by loss of habitat, which negatively impacts fish breeding grounds. Over 25% of mangroves in Asia were lost from 1980-2005, mainly in Indonesia, Pakistan, Vietnam, Malaysia, and India. Mangroves are important ecosystems that protect coastlines from erosion, serve as fish breeding grounds, and support local livelihoods. Their loss contributes to environmental degradation and economic and social problems for coastal communities. Responsibility for addressing the issue lies with local communities, governments, and authorities who must develop and apply policies to restore mangroves and manage them sustainably through community involvement and protected area designation.

Mangroves are salt-tolerant plants found in tropical and sub-tropical coastlines that provide important environmental and socioeconomic benefits. They act as coastal buffers against storms and erosion. However, mangroves in Sri Lanka are threatened by pollution, development, and harvesting. Protecting mangroves requires limiting coastal development and runoff, reforestation efforts, and community education about their importance to ecosystems and livelihoods.

Mangroves provide many ecological benefits and are an important ecosystem. However, approximately 35% of mangroves have been lost in recent decades due to threats from natural hazards as well as human activities like aquaculture, agriculture, and pollution. Conservation efforts aim to protect remaining mangroves and restore degraded areas through approaches like raising awareness, incentives for sustainable use, enforcement of laws, and reforestation programs.

Mangrove forests are found in sheltered coastal regions between 23.5 degrees north and south of the equator, especially where rivers deposit clay and silt. They contain salt-tolerant plants like Avicennia, Sonneratia, and Rhizophora trees that can reach up to 40 meters tall. These trees have specialized adaptations like prop roots, stilt roots, knee-like roots, and salt secreting or storing leaves to survive in the muddy, salty conditions.

Mangroves are trees or shrubs that grow in coastal saline or brackish water. They play an important role in protecting coastlines from erosion and storms and provide habitat for many species. However, mangroves are declining worldwide due to threats like aquaculture, urbanization, and pollution. Several government and non-government organizations have undertaken conservation efforts like reforestation and raising awareness of the importance of mangroves. Further legal protection and community involvement are needed to help preserve these vital coastal ecosystems.

Detailed account of difference between Biosp[here Reserves and various MPAs were given; MPAs of India were listed with its key biodiversity resources...

this is my 10th standard project wherein i have compiled information from various sources. it is a short project with useful content. hope it proves to be of good use.

This document discusses estuaries and estuarine fisheries in India. It defines an estuary and notes that India has over 55 estuaries along its eastern and western coasts, totaling approximately 30,000 square kilometers. Several major river systems like the Ganges, Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna form highly productive estuarine ecosystems. The document examines the fish production and ecology of estuaries like the Hooghly, Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, Chilka, Pulicat Lake, and Kerala backwaters. It provides details on fish catches, species diversity, and threats like overfishing in several of India's important estuarine systems.

- India is the 2nd largest aquaculture producer in the world and aquaculture contributes about 74% of India's total fish production. However, the aquaculture industry faces several social, economic, technological, and environmental problems. This includes issues like high input costs, lack of financial assistance, water pollution from farms, and disease outbreaks affecting production. While India has vast aquaculture resources like ponds, rivers, and reservoirs, current production levels remain low due to these challenges. There is potential to further develop the industry by addressing these problems and utilizing new technologies and schemes under government programs.