The document discusses several topics related to improving physical performance, including:
1) How training, psychology, nutrition, skill acquisition, and recovery strategies can impact performance.
2) The relationship between body temperature regulation and fluid intake.
3) The physiological adaptations that occur from long-term aerobic training programs.
4) How principles of training like progressive overload can be applied to develop aerobic fitness.
5) Psychological strategies athletes can use to enhance performance, such as goal setting and relaxation techniques.
Role of anaerobic and anaerobic metabolism in exercise.Arbia Bareed
Exercise enhances physical fitness and health through strengthening muscles and cardiovascular system. There are two main types of metabolism during exercise - aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic exercise uses oxygen to breakdown fuels slowly for sustained activity like running and swimming. Anaerobic exercise relies on fast glycolysis, producing lactic acid for high intensity activities under 2 minutes. Both have benefits like reduced disease risk but different muscle adaptations for endurance versus strength/power.
PowerPoint presentation for Stage 6 HSC PDHPE Core 2 unit.
PowerPoint to be used in conjunction with class teacher website for activity resources and additional Prezi presentation for student-led learning.
http://ratusaupdhpe.weebly.com/
The webinar covers sports injury prevention and treatment approaches. It discusses warm up, stretching, taping, bracing and protective equipment to prevent injury. It also covers common injuries in various sports like football, cricket, basketball and treatments like RICE, immobilization, drugs and manual therapy. The webinar emphasizes the importance of first aid, outlines priorities for managing sports injuries, and identifies red flags that require emergency care.
This document discusses doping in competitive sports. It begins by defining doping as the use of banned performance-enhancing drugs. It then provides a brief history of doping, noting its origins in South Africa and the formation of anti-doping organizations. The document outlines reasons athletes use performance-enhancing drugs, including social and physiological factors. It categorizes and describes various classes of performance-enhancing drugs and their effects and health risks. These include anabolic agents, hormones, stimulants, and diuretics. The document also discusses anti-doping activities over time and organizations like WADA. Sample collection procedures and issues around false accusations are reviewed.
The document discusses doping in sports and the use of banned performance-enhancing substances and methods. It defines doping and notes that the World Anti-Doping Agency regulates anti-doping efforts. It then describes various classes of banned substances like stimulants, anabolic steroids, peptide hormones, and others. It provides examples of substances within each class and discusses their physiological effects. Finally, it outlines many potential side effects of using these banned classes of performance-enhancing substances, including cardiovascular, hepatic, endocrine, psychological, and other health risks.
This document discusses go-arounds and reinforcing their importance in flight training. It notes that go-arounds are still a cause of accidents and reviews data on types of go-around accidents. The document emphasizes that go-arounds should be treated as a normal maneuver and discusses fundamentals like the three cardinal principles of power, attitude, and configuration. It also addresses common errors in go-arounds and stresses that instructors should teach students that a go-around is always an acceptable option if conditions are not satisfactory for landing.
This document discusses corruption in football (soccer). It examines how corruption occurs through bribery of officials, players, and agents. Corruption is fueled by the large sums of money involved in transfers. The document outlines several corruption scandals and their consequences. It argues that unless addressed, rampant corruption will destroy the integrity of the sport and alienate fans. Investigative task forces are working to prevent corruption and hold accountable those involved.
This document discusses several key differences between sports marketing and traditional goods/services marketing. It begins by exploring the differences between fans and customers, noting that fans strongly identify with teams and players in a way that customers do not identify with brands. It then examines how this identification leads fans to promote teams through merchandise, attending games, and online activities. The document also analyzes how media and advertising costs are structured differently for sports versus traditional businesses. It provides the example of facilities often being publicly funded for sports teams but not for most private companies. Overall, the document analyzes the psychology of fandom and how it allows sports marketing to be highly effective.
This document discusses regulating sports betting in India. It acknowledges that while sports betting is currently illegal in India, it exists and is a large underground market. Other countries like the UK regulate sports betting and use funds to support sports development. The document aims to provide a balanced perspective on whether India should effectively regulate sports betting to both generate funds for sports and prevent match-fixing, or continue criminalizing it. It examines different types of gambling, how laws have evolved internationally, and considerations for building an effective regulatory system. The conclusion proposes forming a committee to further explore regulating sports betting in India based on facts, existing laws, and constitutional provisions.
Overuse injuries, collisions with other athletes or objects, and exceeding the body's normal force limits are some of the main causes of sports injuries discussed in the document. Proper warm up, equipment, technique, strength, and flexibility can help prevent overuse injuries, while following rules and avoiding dangerous techniques can reduce collision-related injuries. A variety of environmental, equipment, psychological, medical, and treatment factors were also outlined as potential contributors to sports injuries if not properly managed.
Drugs in sports can be used to enhance performance but also pose health risks. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibits performance-enhancing and recreational drugs through its code. It oversees an international system of drug testing in competitions and random tests. Banned substances include anabolic steroids, blood doping agents, stimulants, and diuretics. New concerns include gene doping and sample tampering. Athletes can apply for exemptions to use necessary medical treatments. In India, the National Anti-Doping Agency regulates testing according to WADA standards.
Performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) have been used by athletes for centuries to improve performance. Early documented uses included swimmers in the 1860s taking drugs to speed up races. The first athlete to be disqualified for PED use was Hans-Gunnar Nilsson in 1968 after testing positive for cocaine and alcohol. Common PEDs used by athletes include anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and creatine. However, using PEDs can have serious negative health effects and athletes caught using them often face bans and loss of titles and medals. Governing bodies continue developing better detection methods through urine and blood tests to curb PED use in sports.
The document discusses several high-profile cases of athletes being caught doping and facing suspensions, including:
- Maria Sharapova testing positive for meldonium in 2016 and receiving a two-year suspension.
- Lance Armstrong having his seven Tour de France titles revoked in 2012 after evidence of a doping scheme.
- Indian weightlifter Khumukcham Sanjita Chanu receiving a provisional suspension in 2018 after testing positive for testosterone.
It also provides information on the prevalence of doping in different sports in India, listing athletics, weightlifting, and powerlifting as having the most detected violations. Various reasons for athletes doping are discussed, such
In competitive sports, doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors. The term doping is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unethical, and therefore prohibited, by most international sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. Furthermore, athletes (or athletic programs) taking explicit measures to evade detection exacerbate the ethical violation with overt deception and cheating.
Eccentric Training Breakout PresentationPete Burridge
The document discusses eccentric training. It begins by defining an eccentric contraction as muscle lengthening under load. It then describes different types of eccentric training: bro science focusing more on the eccentric portion, meat head using very heavy loads, and manual eccentrics using spotters.
The document explains that eccentric training should be included in a program for its benefits to hypertrophy, force production, and speed/power. Specifically, it notes increased type II fiber growth, preferential recruitment of type II fibers, lower energy costs, and increased neural drive with eccentric training.
Finally, it acknowledges some potential downsides like needing spotters, risk of injury if done incorrectly, and large muscle damage requiring careful programming. It emphasizes different
Back to the Swing of Things: Golf InjuryEsserHealth
The document discusses common golf-related injuries and their management, including injuries to the low back, shoulders, elbows, and wrists that can result from the repetitive motion of the golf swing as well as from acute trauma. Examples of specific injuries covered include low back pain, rotator cuff tendinitis, labral tears, medial epicondylitis, and DeQuervain's tenosynovitis. Prevention strategies and treatment options ranging from rest, physical therapy, and injections to surgery are also reviewed.
Athlete Monitoring and Workload Management Made SimpleFrancois Gazzano
Learn the key concepts of load management and how to implement a best practice approach to training monitoring to optimize performance and prevent injuries.
This document discusses the benefits of exercise and adapted sports for children with disabilities. It outlines how exercise can improve aerobic endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance in children. It also reduces health risks like insulin resistance and improves cardiopulmonary health. Participating in adapted sports allows children with disabilities to improve functioning and independence while reducing the effects of their conditions. The document discusses various adapted sports and activities as well as professionals who help children participate in recreation.
The document discusses various environmental factors that can affect exercise and sports performance, including heat stress, heat illnesses, hypothermia, cold injuries, altitude, sun exposure, electrical storms, and other conditions. It covers how each factor influences the body and symptoms, prevention and treatment methods. Monitoring tools like the wet bulb globe temperature and heat index are also described for assessing heat risk.
Doping refers to the use of banned performance enhancing substances or methods in sports. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was established in 1999 to promote doping-free sport and oversees the anti-doping process. Doping violates anti-doping rules and endangers health. Common banned substances include steroids to build muscle, EPO to increase oxygen delivery, and stimulants to mask fatigue. While doping aims to enhance performance, it can have serious side effects and India has seen many doping violations over the years.
PDHPE Trial HSC Preparation
Core 1 Health Priorities in Australia
Core 2 Factors Affecting Performance
Option 3 Sports Medicine
Option 4 Improving Performance
Sarah Redfern High School (Ratusau)
Term 1 How does the body respond to aerobic training?
The basis of aerobic training
Immediate physiological responses to training
Physiological adaptations in response to aerobic training
The document provides information on various principles of training including warm up, cool down, progressive overload, specificity, reversibility, and variety. It explains that warm up prepares the body for activity by increasing blood flow and temperature. Cool down allows for recovery through light activity and stretching. Progressive overload means gradually increasing training intensity over time to continue seeing gains. Specificity means training should match the demands of the task. Reversibility means fitness is lost if training stops. Variety makes training more interesting but is not essential to improve. It also discusses training thresholds and defines aerobic threshold.
This document discusses training the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. It explains that aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce energy while anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid without oxygen. Aerobic exercise can be sustained for longer periods while anaerobic exercise involves short bursts of maximum effort. The document also outlines adaptations to aerobic and anaerobic training including increased enzyme levels and muscle fiber changes as well as cardiovascular adaptations like increased stroke volume and decreased blood pressure. It provides general guidelines for formulating aerobic and anaerobic training programs.
1) Heart rate training uses different heart rate zones to target specific training benefits. Measuring heart rate provides feedback to train smarter by avoiding over or under training.
2) A running training program example incorporates various run types targeted at different heart rate zones, such as long runs in zone 2 to build endurance and interval runs with intervals in zones 4-5 and recovery in zone 3.
3) Strength training can also incorporate heart rate by using it as a guide for interset recovery periods to ensure adequate muscle energy recovery between sets for optimal training.
This document summarizes the key points from chapters 1-4 of Mrs Pennock's Work. It covers the following topics:
Chapter 1 discusses the requirements for physical activity, definitions of leisure and recreation, and contemporary health concerns like heart disease that physical activity can help address.
Chapter 2 covers the differences between health and fitness, benefits of exercise, nutrition, and effects of aging on performance.
Chapter 3 describes the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems and how training can improve responses and adaptations in these systems.
Chapter 4 defines components of fitness, training methods, principles of training, and reasons for fitness testing.
This document summarizes the key points from chapters 1-4 of Mrs Pennock's Work. It covers the following topics:
Chapter 1 discusses the requirements for physical activity, definitions of leisure and recreation, and contemporary health concerns like heart disease that physical activity can help address.
Chapter 2 covers the differences between health and fitness, benefits of exercise, nutrition, and effects of aging on performance.
Chapter 3 describes the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems and how training can improve responses and adaptations in these systems.
Chapter 4 defines components of fitness, training methods, principles of training, and reasons for fitness testing.
This document discusses the differences between high volume, low intensity training and high intensity training. It notes that both approaches trigger adaptations, but through different molecular pathways. While the adaptations overlap, the amplitude and angle of the adaptations differ for each approach. High intensity training increases an athlete's ability to handle fatigue and metabolic byproducts, while high volume training increases overall recovery rate. The best approach blends both low, medium, and high intensity training. Determining the optimal blend depends on factors like an athlete's training history, stress levels, goals, and estimated muscle fiber type. The document provides examples of how training could be customized based on these factors.
Principles of Exercise Training and Adaptations to Anaerobic.pptxmarielleolicia1
The document discusses principles of exercise training and adaptations to aerobic and anaerobic training. It covers topics such as the principles of exercise training including individuality, specificity, periodization, overload, reversibility, and trainability. It also examines adaptations to aerobic and anaerobic training including improved endurance from aerobic training and increased strength from anaerobic training.
This document provides an overview of exercise and its benefits. It discusses that approximately 80% of Americans do not meet physical activity recommendations. Exercise is defined as planned physical activity to improve fitness. Daily activities alone are not enough. The benefits of exercise include improvements to the cardiovascular, oxidative capacity, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, bone density, and depression. Cardiovascular exercise improves heart health while resistance training builds muscle. The document provides exercise recommendations and discusses the importance of warmups, cooldowns, and mental conditioning to maximize the benefits of exercise.
This document provides information on proper warm-up and cool-down procedures for exercise and sport. It recommends that a warm-up should include aerobic activity to increase heart rate and temperature, followed by dynamic stretching and sport-specific drills. Static stretching should be avoided prior to exercise and instead be done during the cool-down. A proper warm-up prepares the body for activity, reduces injury risk, and improves performance, while the cool-down aids in recovery.
This document provides an overview of muscular strength and endurance training. It defines muscular strength as the maximal force produced by a muscle in one repetition, usually with high resistance and low repetitions (1-10 reps). Muscular endurance is defined as the ability of a muscle to exert sub-maximal force over an extended period of time, using low to moderate resistance and high repetitions (15-25 reps). Guidelines for improving muscular fitness include training major muscle groups 2-3 times per week, with 2-4 sets of 8-12 repetitions. Long-term training can improve the heart, lungs, circulation, blood, blood pressure, skeleton and muscles. Delayed onset muscle soreness and contraindicated exercises for certain populations
Aim, Objectives and Principles of Sports TrainingMAHABOOBJAN A
Sports training involves conditioning, technique, tactics, and psychological training to systematically prepare athletes for competition based on scientific principles. The main aims are to improve physical fitness, motor skills, technical/tactical efficiency, and mental capabilities. Objectives include enhancing sports skills, physical/tactical abilities, and mental performance. Training follows principles like specificity, overload, progression, and reversibility and considers factors like the coach, athlete abilities, facilities, and competition. Warming up prepares athletes physically and mentally, while cooling down allows physiological recovery like normalized heart rate and relaxation.
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular fitness and training principles. It defines cardiovascular fitness as the body's ability to transport and use oxygen. It recommends aerobic exercise 3-5 days per week at a moderate or vigorous intensity for 30-60 minutes. It also describes measuring exercise intensity using heart rate training zones. The document outlines both short-term benefits during exercise and long-term health benefits of cardiovascular training. It provides guidelines for special populations and key points about cardiovascular fitness.
The document discusses various principles of training including frequency, intensity, duration, overload, specificity, adaptation, regularity, reversibility, generalisation before specialisation, variety, group vs individual training, and methods of training such as continuous training, weight training, circuit training, and interval training. It provides guidelines for applying each principle and method in a training program, including recommendations for frequency, intensity, duration, and how to progressively overload each system or component to continue driving adaptations from training.
Physical Condition, Physical Skills and Ways to improve themCiclos Formativos
The document discusses the components of physical fitness including endurance, strength, speed, and flexibility. It provides details on developing each component through various training methods like continuous running to improve endurance, weight training for strength, sprint drills for speed, and static stretching to enhance flexibility. The key energy systems, classifications, and effects of each type of training are also summarized.
This document outlines common core questions asked in health promotion exams and provides guidance on how to effectively answer them. It discusses factors to consider when describing Australia's health priorities and the health of young people, including illnesses, affected populations, risk and protective factors. When asked about health inequities, the document advises addressing priority populations, determinants of inequities, and roles in addressing issues. It also touches on discussing the impacts of an aging population, accessibility of health services, benefits of new treatments, growth of alternative medicine, examples of health promotion, and ensuring equity and cultural relevance in health programs.
Inequities in health exist among Australians due to various factors including daily living conditions, quality of early life experiences, access to services and transport, socioeconomic status, social attributes like discrimination, and government policies and priorities. The quality of early life experiences, including genetic and environmental factors as well as the socioeconomic status of parents, influence an individual's development and access to resources in a way that can impact their future health and well-being. Social attributes such as social exclusion and discrimination can negatively impact health by disempowering and disconnecting individuals from society. Government policies determine the prioritization of health areas and populations for funding and support.
2017 Popular Equity and Health HSC QuestionsVas Ratusau
The document discusses the social justice framework for analyzing health promotion initiatives. It explains that the social justice principles of equity, diversity, and supportive environments aim to decrease health inequities. The framework includes enabling, mediating, and advocating actions to improve health. Examples of each type of action are provided, such as empowering disadvantaged individuals or communities, improving access to services, and encouraging economic and cultural change. Students are asked to analyze how the "Close the Gap" scheme utilizes this framework and whether the Ottawa Charter is still needed when analyzing initiatives through this social justice lens. For homework, students must critically analyze a health promotion scheme aimed at a priority population using the social justice framework.
2017 Popular Health of Young People HSC QuestionsVas Ratusau
The document outlines three popular questions about the health of young people: 1) The nature and extent of factors impacting their health, including sociocultural determinants. 2) Describing a major health issue affecting young people, how it impacts their development and strategies to assist them. 3) Discussing the effectiveness of a health promotion campaign targeting a key issue for young people and suggestions for improvement.
HSC PDHPE Option 1: Health of Young PeopleVas Ratusau
The document discusses good health for young people aged 12-24. It notes that adolescence is characterized by rapid physical growth and maturation. Good health involves physical, emotional, mental and social development. The document outlines some of the challenges young people face during this transition to adulthood, such as experimentation and risk-taking behaviors. It also discusses the influence of peers and developing independence from parents during this stage of life. Society aims to protect adolescents through policies like graduated licensing for new drivers.
HSC PDHPE Core 1: Health Priorities in AustraliaVas Ratusau
This document discusses health priorities in Australia. It begins by outlining how priority health issues are identified through measuring a population's health status using epidemiology. Key measures include mortality, infant mortality, morbidity, and life expectancy. Priority issues are also identified by considering social justice principles and groups experiencing health inequities such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, those in rural/remote areas, and lower socioeconomic groups. The document then discusses Australia's main health priorities as being cardiovascular disease, cancer, mental health issues, and diabetes. It emphasizes the role prevention and early intervention can play in addressing these priorities.
This compulsory module examines the scientific foundations of human movement. In this module, students explore how the body moves and why it moves in particular ways. Students focus on the relationships between anatomy, physiology, fitness, biomechanics and efficient human movement.
Each team begins with 10 Xs. Teams can earn the right to remove 2 Xs from another team by answering a question correctly. Teams can increase their Xs by making basketball shots from different distances, but risk losing Xs if they miss. The ultimate goal is to be the team with the most Xs remaining at the end of the game.
This document discusses sports medicine and how it addresses the demands of specific athletes. It covers children and young athletes, noting medical conditions they may have like asthma, diabetes or epilepsy. It also discusses overuse injuries and thermoregulation issues in young athletes. For adult and aged athletes, it mentions heart conditions, bone density and fracture risk, and decreased flexibility. It provides details on managing these issues and preventing injuries for different athlete populations.
This document provides an overview of core units studied in a 12PDHPE course. It discusses key topics in health and physical education including epidemiology, health care systems like Medicare and private health insurance, health priorities and populations in Australia, factors affecting sports performance like energy systems and training methods, and improving performance through training and testing. The document also addresses ethical issues around performance enhancing drugs in sport.
HSC PDHPE Core 1 – Health Priorities in AustraliaVas Ratusau
The document discusses how priority health issues in Australia are identified. It notes that epidemiology plays a key role by measuring health status indicators like life expectancy, mortality rates, and prevalence of diseases and conditions. This data is collected by organizations like the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The data shows trends like increasing life expectancy but also rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and mental health issues. Priority issues are identified based on factors like the social and economic burden of diseases.
HSC PDHPE Core 2: Characteristics of a skilled performerVas Ratusau
Skilled performers exhibit qualities like kinaesthetic sense, anticipation, consistency, and technique. A skilled performer has a well-developed kinaesthetic sense that allows them to feel a movement as they perform it and make corrections mid-movement. They are also better able to anticipate what may happen and have more consistent movements. Developing good technique through practice has advantages like being more economical, skilled, aesthetically pleasing, successful, and resistant to injury.
Round 3 - S5PDH1 World Cup Stock MarketVas Ratusau
Your 10 GAT DOLLARS will be automatically invested in your allocated TEAM. You must now choose to invest in ONE of the upcoming matches. The document is a reminder about an automatic investment and the need to select a single upcoming match to direct additional funds towards.
Views in Odoo - Advanced Views - Pivot View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, the pivot view is a graphical representation of data that allows users to analyze and summarize large datasets quickly. It's a powerful tool for generating insights from your business data.
The pivot view in Odoo is a valuable tool for analyzing and summarizing large datasets, helping you gain insights into your business operations.
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
Beyond the Advance Presentation for By the Book 9John Rodzvilla
In June 2020, L.L. McKinney, a Black author of young adult novels, began the #publishingpaidme hashtag to create a discussion on how the publishing industry treats Black authors: “what they’re paid. What the marketing is. How the books are treated. How one Black book not reaching its parameters casts a shadow on all Black books and all Black authors, and that’s not the same for our white counterparts.” (Grady 2020) McKinney’s call resulted in an online discussion across 65,000 tweets between authors of all races and the creation of a Google spreadsheet that collected information on over 2,000 titles.
While the conversation was originally meant to discuss the ethical value of book publishing, it became an economic assessment by authors of how publishers treated authors of color and women authors without a full analysis of the data collected. This paper would present the data collected from relevant tweets and the Google database to show not only the range of advances among participating authors split out by their race, gender, sexual orientation and the genre of their work, but also the publishers’ treatment of their titles in terms of deal announcements and pre-pub attention in industry publications. The paper is based on a multi-year project of cleaning and evaluating the collected data to assess what it reveals about the habits and strategies of American publishers in acquiring and promoting titles from a diverse group of authors across the literary, non-fiction, children’s, mystery, romance, and SFF genres.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
Slide Presentation from a Doctoral Virtual Open House presented on June 30, 2024 by staff and faculty of Capitol Technology University
Covers degrees offered, program details, tuition, financial aid and the application process.
4. • How does training affect performance? (Energy Systems,
Types of Training, Principles of Training, Adaptations to
Training)
• How can psychology affect performance? (Motivations)
• How can nutrition and recovery strategies affect
performance? (Carb Loading, supplements, recovery
strategies)
• How does the acquisition of skill affect performance?
(Stages of skill acquisition, characteristics of learners,
nature of skills)
5. • Examine the relationship between body temperature
regulation and fluid intake 2002, 2005, 2009,2011,2012
• Evaluate how both rates of skill acquisition and the
learning environment affect physical performance. 2007,
2008, 2010
• Analyse the physiological adaptations that occur when an
untrained individual undertakes a 20 week aerobic
training program 2003, 2005, 2009,2010,2011 trial
• Explain how FOUR of the principles of training can be used
to develop aerobic fitness. 2005, 2007, 2009,2010
• Analyse the psychological strategies athletes could employ
to enhance performance 2003, 2004, 2007,2012
6. For highly active people, in hot weather, fluid loss can
increase significantly. Too little fluid intake can impact
perspiration (heat loss) and can leads to overheating & heat
related physiological damage (heat stress, heat cramps, heat
rash, dizziness, heat stoke, fainting).
What about in the COLD: We lose a lot of fluid in cold
weather through respiration (breathing out). Our bodies are
working hard carrying the weight of layers of clothing and
sweat evaporates quickly. As it is not hot, we don’t FEEL
thirsty. And therefore do not replenish our fluid levels as
regularly leading to dehydration.
Examine the relationship between body temperature regulation
and fluid intake
7. If you don't drink enough, you will become dehydrated and
your body's total blood volume will drop. Because the heart
has access to less blood, it has to pump faster to circulate the
same amount of blood - and your heart rate will rise. If you
don't replace the lost fluids by drinking, your heart rate will
increase, and your ability to perform will decrease rapidly.
So drinking fluids during exercise has several benefits:
• Fights dehydration
• Offsets body temperature increase (regulates
temperature)
• Minimises cardiovascular stress
Examine the relationship between body temperature regulation
and fluid intake
9. Stages of Skill of Acquisition
Evaluate how both rates of skill acquisition and the
learning environment affect physical performance.
Cognitve: mental processing of information, requires visual
cues & demonstrations, lots of mistakes
Associative: connecting ideas, learnt skill but requires
practice, smaller errors, requires feedback
Autonomous: in full control of actions, automatic. Execution
is sequenced and instinctive. Practice that simulates
competition environment is essential.
10. The learning environment can refer to:
• The nature of skill: closed v open, gross v fine, discrete,
serial, continuous , self-paced v external paced
• Performance elements: Game-centre approach, decision-
making, strategy & tactic
• Practice Method: Massed v Distributed, Whole v Part
• Feedback: internal v extrinsic, concurrent v delayed, KR v
KP
Can you match these to the stages of acquisition??
11. Analyse the physiological adaptations that occur when an
untrained individual undertakes a 20 week aerobic training
program
When an athlete begins participates in regular aerobic
training the body begins to adapt physically to the demands
placed upon it.
These adaptations allow the body to function more
comfortably at existing levels of stress and respond more
efficiently to new levels of stress.
This makes the body more efficient and capable of more
work. Many of the changes occur in the cardiorespiratory
system and lead to an improved ability to deliver oxygen to
working muscles.
12. Factor` Description
Increase or
decrease Reason
Resting Heart
Rate
• measured in beats per minute
•At rest, delivers blood to body
•Amount of oxygen needed is determined by BMR
•Your resting heart rate will fall as your body adapts to the
training program.
•Heart rate will be lower during sub max work
•Main reason for the fall is due to higher stroke volume
•This allows more blood to be pumped every beat... Therefore,
more oxygen is delivered with fewer beats.
•Interestingly, athletes often have lower max HR Decrease
•Trained athlete has more efficient
cardiovascular system
•Some pro athletes have resting
HR as low as 35 per min.
Stroke Volume
and Cardiac
Output
•Stroke Volume Amount of blood that leaves the left ventricle in
1 beat
•Body needs oxygen rich blood to muscles during exercise
•The more blood that a person pushes out, the more work they
can do because of more oxygen
•Person could exercise faster and longer
•Untrained person – 15-20L per min, Trained – 22-30L per min
•Cardiac Output is the amount of blood pumped in 1 min Increase
•Trained person physically has
more blood in body.
•Ventricles are more powerful and
elastic to pump more/faster
Oxygen Uptake
and Lung Capacity
•Oxygen uptake is the amount of oxygen absorbed into the
blood stream during exercise.
•Oxygen uptake is measured in litres per minute
•If more oxygen reaches the working muscles, the muscles can
work harder and longer.
•Lung Capacity is the amount of air that can move in and out of
the lungs during a single breath. Increase
•Number of breathes can be
increased
•Max breathing rates increase
from 40-50 per min
•Size of the lungs significantly
increase, allowing for more
oxygen
•Total amount of air breathed in
during exercise increases
•Number of capillaries will
increase with training allowing
more oxygen to be absorbed.
13. Factor` Description
Increase or
decrease Reason
Haemoglobin
Level
•Haemoglobin is the protein of blood carrying the oxygen in
red blood cells
•Its main function is to absorb oxygen into blood stream
•Plays a role in removing Co2 also.
•Haemoglobin levels can be increased with altitude training.
Increase
•When training occurs, body
becomes short of oxygen
•Body adapts to this by
producing more blood cells
Muscle
Hypertrophy
•Refers to the increase of diameter of muscle. Muscle length
stays the same, but muscle enlarges.
•Muscle atrophy is the opposite to hypertrophy (gets smaller) Increase
After training, muscles are
able to contract with a greater
force. This improves strength
and power related sports.
Effect on
Slow/Fast twitch
Fibres
•Slow twitch are red – they contain large number of
capillaries and produce large amounts of ATP slowly. Good
for sports such as marathons
•Fast Twitch are white – contain few capillaries and rapidly
generate ATP anaerobically. Good for sports such as
weightlifting and sprinting.
Depends on
training
•Endurance training
encourages slow twitch fibres
to develop because it allows
body to make more
capillaries, allowing for more
oxygen to be transported
around the body.
14. Explain how FOUR of the principles of training can be
used to develop aerobic fitness.
15. Principles of Training
Principles of
Training
Progressive
Overload
The principle of
progressive overload
implies that a training
effect is produced when
the system or tissue is
worked at a greater
level that it is normally
accustomed to working
Reversibility
Principal of
training
states that
the effects of
training are
reversible
Warm up & Cool
down
Warming up and cooling
down are important
components of all training
and performance sessions.
The warm up aims to
prepare the body in
readiness for the activity
Variety
The principle of
variety states that
athletes need to be
challenged by not
only the activity but
also by the
implementation of
the activities
Training Threshold
The principle of
training thresholds
relates to levels of
exercise intensity
that are sufficient to
produce a training
effect.
Specificity
The principle of specificity implies
that the greatest gains are made
when activity in the training
program replicates the
movements in the game or
activity.
16. Explain how FOUR of the principles of training can be
used to develop aerobic fitness.
• Choose 4 principles that relate to aerobic training
• Give specific examples of activities
• Must enhance aerobic capacity
• Relate to physiological adaptations
17. Analyse the psychological strategies athletes could
employ to enhance performance
Concentration: ability to focus on task
at hand
Mental rehearsal: picturing
performance before executing it
Relaxation techniques: techniques to
control the body’s response to stress
Goal setting: targets that direct effort
(must be SMART)
18. But how do they enhance performance?
Concentration: allows you to be ‘in the zone’, clears distractions,
allows you to focus on execution (doing)
Mental rehearsal: provide clear idea of what is to be done,
heightens concentration, narrows thoughts on task
Relaxation techniques: allows athlete to reach optimal arousal eg.
meditation, self-talk, centred breathing.
Goal setting: provides focus, can be measured, gives feedback.
19. • Describe recovery strategies used to improve
performance?
• Discuss the effectiveness of the use of
supplementation to improve performance?
• Analyse the use of feedback to improve an athlete’s
performance?
• Outline the features of the alactacid (ATP/PC) and the
lactic acid energy systems
Editor's Notes
Textbook Page 221 – hydrate before & after, every 15-20mins whilst running,drink water & low carb, acclimatise, wear light clothing, avoid activity in high tempa (below 30 degrees, below humidity of 90%)
Butchers Paper: match the learning environment to stages of skill acquisition