Economic importance of Malvaceae ,Solanaceae ,Euphorbiaceae and Musaceaeakshayadevi6
The family Musaceae has important economic uses. Bananas are a staple food crop worldwide, with the fruits of Musa paradisiaca being edible. The leaves and sap also have some culinary and medicinal uses. Musa textilis provides abaca fiber from its leaf sheaths, which is used to make cloth and cordage. Several Musa and allied genera are also cultivated as ornamental plants.
The document discusses measurement, assessment, and evaluation. Measurement is the process of ascertaining quantity or extent and provides numerical descriptions. Assessment involves collecting data through tests to evaluate learner progress. Evaluation determines the value and effectiveness of instruction by making qualitative judgements about performance based on principles such as being purposeful, comprehensive, and continuous. Measurement and assessment provide factual data, while evaluation integrates and interprets the information to draw conclusions.
this is another ppt on herbal plants by
Sunshine International School
Students of clas 10 - a
thank you
hope you'd lyk it
comment below for me to know wat do you think abt dis ppt
India holds regular free and fair elections overseen by an independent Election Commission to democratically elect leaders. Candidates must meet age and citizenship requirements, and seats are reserved for marginalized groups. Campaigning involves parties releasing manifestos and canvassing through posters, meetings and processions. Voting takes place via electronic voting machines at designated polling stations. After two days, votes are counted candidate-wise and winners declared, with the overall process still generally reflecting the will of the people despite some issues like money and muscle power influencing results in some cases.
Gautam Buddha was a religious teacher who founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC. He taught that desire and attachment cause suffering, and that one can reach nirvana or eternal peace by following the Noble Eightfold Path of right view, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration and intention. Mahavira was the 24th and last Tirthankara or enlightened teacher of Jainism, who taught nonviolence, truth, non-stealing, chastity and non-attachment as the path to liberation from the cycle of rebirth. He organized his followers into a four-fold order of monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen.
This document discusses different types of evaluation:
1) Placement, formative, summative, and diagnostic evaluations are distinguished based on when they are used in the learning process. Placement evaluates entry-level knowledge, formative provides ongoing feedback, summative assesses mastery at the end, and diagnostic identifies specific learning difficulties.
2) Evaluations can also be norm-referenced, comparing performance to peers, or criterion-referenced, assessing whether criteria are met without comparisons. Criterion-referenced tests describe specific behaviors while norm-referenced rank performance within a group.
3) The key difference between criterion-referenced and norm-referenced tests is that criterion-refer
The document provides information about the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. It discusses their origins, locations, languages, popular tourist destinations, and the best times to visit. Key facts include that Karnataka was originally known as Mysore and was renamed in 1973, Kerala is known as "God's own country", Tamil Nadu's capital is Chennai, Andhra Pradesh was reorganized in 2014 leading to the formation of Telangana, and Hyderabad is the joint capital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for 10 years.
This document describes the vegetative and floral characteristics of plants in the Euphorbiaceae family. It discusses their habit, which includes herbs, shrubs, trees, and climbers. It describes their roots, stems, leaves, inflorescence, flowers, calyx, corolla, perianth, androecium, gynoecium, fruits, seeds, and pollination. Some common species mentioned are Euphorbia hirta, E. pulcherrima, Phyllanthus reticulata, Ricinus communis, and Euphorbia tirucalli.
Telangana has a rich cultural history spanning over 5,000 years. It was a center of culture under dynasties like the Kakatiyas, Qutb Shahis, and Asaf Jahis. The region has important historical monuments from these eras like the Ramappa Temple and Warangal Fort. Hinduism and Islam are the major religions practiced in Telangana, as seen in temples like Bhadrachalam and the historic Mecca Masjid. The state celebrates festivals like Bonalu and Batukamma as well as national festivals. Telugu and Hyderabadi cuisine like biryani and Sakinalu are part of the local culture. Performing arts include Perini
Meghalaya has a matrilineal society where lineage and inheritance pass through women. The state has a high literacy rate of 76% and is very forested, with 70% of the area covered in forests that are biodiverse. Meghalaya also holds the world record for highest rainfall in a month. The state has many festivals, a unique culture including music and arts, and tourist attractions like living root bridges, caves, and waterfalls.
The document summarizes the characteristics of the Cucurbitaceae family. It includes 100 genera and 850 species of tendril climbing plants distributed widely in tropical and subtropical regions. The plants have weak stems, palmately lobed leaves, and unisexual flowers. Fruits are pepos and seeds are dicotyledonous. As an example, cucumbers are described as annual herbs with taproots, angular stems, and simple alternate leaves. They have unisexual flowers with 5 sepals and petals, and cucumbers fruits are oblong and cylindric when young.
The document discusses the importance of conserving medicinal plants and the strategies used for their conservation. It notes that many medicinal plants are threatened by habitat loss, overharvesting, and other issues. Conservation aims to protect these species and maintain biodiversity for future use. The main conservation strategies are in-situ conservation of plants in their natural habitats through protected areas like biosphere reserves and national parks, and ex-situ conservation of plants outside their natural habitats in facilities like botanical gardens, field gene banks, and cryobanks. Both approaches aim to preserve genetic diversity and ensure the long-term survival of medicinal plant species.
This document provides a list of California native plant species suitable for western Los Angeles County with yellow or cream-colored flowers. It includes trees, shrubs, vines, and perennial groundcovers, organized by size. For each plant it provides the scientific and common names, typical size, flowering season, light and soil requirements, water needs, and notes. The list focuses on plants that offer wildlife habitat and are well-suited to the local climate.
This slides guide Tamil learning children to know about Name of flowers in Tamil language.The name of flowers are explained with clear pictures. This also has English Language names also.
This document contains a 3-sentence summary of an English project on the names of flowers in English, Hindi and Tamil. It lists the names of 18 different flowers in the three languages along with the student's name, class, roll number and teacher who guided the project. The student hopes that everyone likes their presentation providing the names of common flowers in 3 major languages spoken in India.
The document defines several subsets of real numbers including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It provides examples for each set and discusses their properties. Rational numbers can be expressed as terminating or repeating decimals while irrational numbers are expressed as non-terminating, non-repeating decimals. The document also covers topics like the Euclid division algorithm, fundamental theorem of arithmetic, finding the highest common factor and least common multiple of numbers.
Why Can't I Move On? Narcissistic Abuse: A Complex Trauma. Compiled by Jeni M...Jeni Mawter
A person with Narcissistic Personality Disorder sucks the life and shatters the soul out of the caring person in the relationship. Healing from Narcissistic Abuse is a long and painful process. To move on from this toxic and hopeless situation seems insurmountable. This PowerPoint was created to address the question I am most commonly asked: ‘Why Can’t I Move On?’ I hope it helps. Jeni Mawter
Mathematics is essential in many areas of daily life. It underlies natural phenomena like honeycomb structures [SENTENCE 1]. It is also useful for tasks like calculating savings from bulk purchases, spotting misleading statistics in advertisements, and mental arithmetic for quick calculations in shopping [SENTENCE 2]. Engineering, medicine, music, forensics and many other fields rely heavily on mathematical concepts like geometry, calculus, statistics and more to function [SENTENCE 3].
The document discusses properties of real numbers. It defines real numbers and distinguishes between rational and irrational numbers. Rational numbers can be expressed as ratios of integers, while irrational numbers have non-terminating, non-repeating decimals. It also outlines relationships between subsets of real numbers and properties that real number operations satisfy, such as commutativity, associativity, identities, inverses, and distribution.
The document summarizes the plot of the memoir Chinese Cinderella by Adeline Yen Mah. It describes how Adeline faces neglect and mistreatment from her family after her mother dies, but finds comfort in her grandmother. Through perseverance and determination, Adeline is able to overcome obstacles and not be outcast by her family anymore. The document encourages readers to be inspired by Adeline's story of never giving up and striving for excellence, even when faced with adversity.
Real numbers comprise all numbers that can be used in everyday life, including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. Real numbers represent unique points along the infinite number line. They include natural counting numbers and their positives, whole numbers with zero added, integers with their positives and negatives, rational numbers that can be written as fractions, and irrational numbers with non-terminating, non-repeating decimals.
Mathematics is the science of logic, quantity, and arrangement. It is used in many aspects of daily life without realizing it, whether cooking, sports, gardening, banking, navigation, or architecture. Math concepts like ratio, proportion, probability, mensuration, trigonometry, and geometry are essential for tasks like following recipes in cooking, analyzing sports performance, measuring land for gardening, calculating interest for banking, using coordinates for navigation, and constructing buildings. Mathematics is a universal language that is important everywhere.
This document is a table of contents and introduction to basic math topics including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and geometry. It provides examples of math problems for each topic and walks through the steps to solve them. Practice problems and answers are provided at the end to reinforce the concepts covered.
The document discusses the real number system. It defines rational and irrational numbers, and provides examples of each. Rational numbers can be written as fractions, while irrational numbers can only be written as non-terminating and non-repeating decimals. The document also covers operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on integers, using rules like keeping or changing signs depending on whether the signs are the same or different.
This PowerPoint presentation provides examples of math lesson slides for teaching concepts like multiplication, addition, and word problems involving finding quantities. Sample slides show multiplication questions and answers, addition problems with sleeping seahorses and animals in a zoo, and a word problem about finding the number of apples under a triangle given a total amount. The presentation ends with an invitation for questions and provides a resource for finding more math lesson plan PowerPoints.
This document discusses the prevalence and importance of mathematics in everyday life. It provides examples of how mathematics is used in areas like health, weather, transportation, society, and more. While some applications are directly observable, others involve more complex systems that are still being understood mathematically, like DNA. The document also discusses the historical foundations of mathematics over centuries, with concepts building upon each other like a pyramid, and provides a brief biography of the mathematician Aryabhata, who made important contributions in astronomy and mathematics.
Mathematics is applied directly and indirectly in many aspects of daily life. [Geometry is used in nature like honeycomb cells and in car design with circles, rectangles, and quarter spheres.] [Medicine uses protein modeling and geometry.] [Engineering applies math to determine materials and solar energy.] [Forensics uses calculus to clarify blurred images.] [Trigonometry helps find heights of objects.] [Number theory creates codes and helps with bulk purchasing costs.] [Calculus studies change and is used in acceleration, satellite movement, and more.] Mathematics plays a key role in many fields.
The document provides an overview of number systems used by different civilizations and an introduction to basic number concepts:
- It discusses ancient number systems including the Egyptian base-12 and Babylonian base-60 systems, as well as modern systems like binary and decimal.
- Basic number types are defined such as integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers. Fractions and decimal expansions are also introduced.
- Famous mathematicians who contributed to the study and development of number systems throughout history are acknowledged.
Activity based costing is considered to be useful only for Manufacturing Organizations whereas reality is that it is equally usefull to Service providers
- Index numbers measure relative changes in variables like prices, quantities, values over time from a base period. They are used to frame policies, reveal trends, and for deflating purposes.
- There are different methods for constructing index numbers, including simple aggregate methods, simple average of relatives methods, and weighted index numbers that assign weights.
- Common weighted indexes include the Laspeyres method which uses base period weights, the Paasche method which uses current period weights, and the Fisher Ideal Index which takes the geometric mean of the Laspeyres and Paasche.
Mathematics is essential in daily life and has a long history of practical applications. It first arose from needs to count and measure, and early civilizations used math for tasks like construction and accounting. Over millennia, mathematical concepts and applications have expanded greatly. Today, areas like statistics, calculus, and other quantitative fields inform domains from politics to transportation to resource management. Many people misunderstand math as only involving formulas, but it really involves abstract problem-solving and modeling real-world situations. Core topics in daily use include commercial math, algebra, statistics, and financial calculations for tasks like budgeting and investing.
This document discusses 15 poisonous plants found in Sri Lanka, including Datura metel, Nicotina tobacum, Manihot utilissima, and Ricinus communis. It provides information on the scientific name, family, Sinhala name, Tamil name, description, and toxic constituents of each plant. The plants contain a variety of toxic alkaloids, acids, and other compounds that can cause non-specific clinical signs if ingested. While some poisonous plants have medicinal uses in Ayurveda, it is important to identify how toxic they are to humans and animals.
This document provides guidance on creating a backyard wildlife habitat. It outlines the four essential elements of food, water, shelter and nesting areas. Native plants that are adapted to the local environment are best for supporting wildlife. When designing the habitat, one should assess existing landscape features, determine a design that meets their needs and wildlife to attract, and include plants suited to the site conditions. The habitat should then be created by outlining spaces, preparing soil, planting in groups and adding features like feeders and birdbaths. A list of suitable native plant species for Georgia is also included.
This document lists the scientific and common names of over 60 species of flowering plants, ornamental plants, trees, and palms found on the campus of an international school. It includes details like the scientific name, common name, and family for each plant species. The plants listed come from families around the world and represent the biodiversity found in the school's landscaping.
This document provides summaries of several plant families, including their botanical descriptions, characteristics, commonly used species, and growing requirements. It discusses families such as Mallow/Malvaceae, Poppy/Papaveraceae, Fumitory/Fumariaceae, Plantain/Plantaginaceae, and others. The document emphasizes the importance of crop rotation by not planting related plant families in the same spot more than every three years to maintain soil health.
Amazing & Weird Plants Around the World...!!!Walid Hashmi
Amazing and weird plant species around the world with their description and Photos.
All the carnivorous plants present in our planet
Fascinating plants facts and wonders of Nature
Devils Claw is a plant known by several names whose roots have painkilling properties and are used as a natural remedy, especially for arthritis. The roots contain active ingredients like harpagoside and beta-sitosteral that give it medicinal properties. When consumed, the ground root powder helps with pain, arthritis, sleep, and other issues. The plant contains several minerals and compounds that contribute to its effects.
About 10 Agroforestry as well as medicinal plants are discussed along their English name, common name, scientific name, family and also their centre of origin.
Data were collected from internet.
This document lists several common indoor plant species including their families, common names, and scientific names. It describes Bunga Raya as a member of the Malvaceae family with the scientific name Hibiscus rosasinensis. It also includes information on Ixora 'Siamensis', Puding, Siantan, Ruellia malacosperma 'Dwarf', Variegated Snake Plant, and Bougainvillea 'Double Red'. The document provides taxonomic information for several popular houseplants.
The document provides information on several plants commonly found in Malaysia:
1) Hibiscus is Malaysia's national flower, with red petals symbolizing courage. It has various medicinal uses.
2) Orchids are classified into subfamilies and can be terrestrial, epiphytic, lithophytic or saprophytic. They produce inflorescences.
3) Rafflesia is the world's largest flower and is a rare parasitic plant only found in Southeast Asia. Its buds are used for various purposes.
The document discusses different types of algae. Algae are aquatic organisms that are similar to plants but lack roots, stems, and leaves. They obtain energy through photosynthesis. There are three main types of algae - green algae, red algae, and brown algae. Algae have many uses including as a nutritional food source, in agriculture as fertilizer, in industry such as cosmetics, and medicinally to treat illnesses.
This document lists information on various weed species, including their botanical name, common name, family, and life cycle. It provides details on 14 different weed types, such as Blue pimpernel, Wild oat, Field bindweed, and Bermuda grass. The weeds belong to families including Primulaceae, Poaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Oxalidaceae, and others. Their life cycles are described as annual, winter annual, or perennial.
Presentation on family cucurbitaceae.pptxkafeelnoul
This document summarizes key information about the plant family Cucurbitaceae. It describes their morphological characteristics including their herbaceous climbing stems with alternate leaves and tendrils. Their flowers are mostly unisexual and incomplete. Their fruits include berries and pepos. Some important genera are Cucurbita, Cucumis, Citrullus, and Lagenaria. Cucurbitaceae has economic importance as many species produce edible fruits and vegetables. Some are also grown as ornamentals or for medicinal purposes.
This document discusses different types of algae. It describes that algae are aquatic organisms that are similar to plants but lack roots, stems, and leaves. The document outlines the three main types of algae - green algae, red algae, and brown algae. It provides details on different species within each type. The document also discusses how algae obtain energy through photosynthesis and their various uses including as a nutritional food source, in agriculture as fertilizer, for industrial applications like cosmetics, and historically for medical purposes.
This document provides the scientific names, common names, and families of 48 different weed species. It was submitted by Shivalika to Dr. Surinder Singh Rana for their MSc course. The weeds covered include species from families like Asteraceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae, and others. For each weed, the scientific name, common name, and family are listed.
This document provides information on the Caesalpiniaceae plant family. It discusses the distribution, habit, roots, stems, leaves, inflorescence, flowers, fruits, and economic importance of plants in this family. Many plants in the family are tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs found in India. Economically important plants include Saraca indica, Bauhinia variegata, Cassia fistula, and Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The family contains over 650 genera and about 19,000 species and provides timber, dyes, fibers, gums, and medicines.
1) The document describes the life story of Sagayam, an IAS officer known for his honesty. He was taught the value of honesty by his mother from a young age. As an officer, he has been transferred 19 times due to his honesty.
2) Yuvan Shankar Raja and director Selvaraghavan had a successful collaboration on several films but later split up, and have now announced they will work together again on an upcoming bilingual film.
3) The document contains Tamil proverbs with English translations and examples to illustrate each proverb's meaning. The proverbs discuss themes of honesty, charity, humility, family, and morality.
The document provides tips for parents to encourage their children's creative talents such as painting, writing, dancing, and music. It suggests publishing the children's works into books, videos, albums or sharing on social media to help the children feel proud and motivated to improve. It references Lord Ganesha writing the epic Mahabaratha as inspiration for starting a self-publishing service to help parents support their children's talents.
The educational institute discussed publishing their course materials as books to generate additional revenue streams and build their brand identity. Publishing the materials through Ivory Pen could help the institute professionally print, distribute, and sell the books globally online and in stores. This would allow the institute to expand their centers to new cities where there is demand for their published books. Students satisfied with the books may then enroll in the institute's courses. A year later, the institute's books had become bestsellers, allowing them to open more centers internationally and launch online courses for international students.
The document discusses four blogs that were later published as successful bestselling books:
1) "Stuff White People Like" blog was a satirical blog about interests of urban white people that was later published as a book.
2) "FAIL Blog" chronicled photos and videos of mishaps and stupidity that was also later published as a book.
3) "Escape from Cubicle Nation" blog helped frustrated corporate employees start their own business and was published as a book.
4) "RULES FOR MY UNBORN SON" blog offered fatherly advice for boys and was published as an instruction manual for boys as a book.
All four blogs found publishing
Ivory Pen offers self-publishing services to help authors transition to becoming publishers themselves. These services include editing, formatting, cover design, illustrations, printing, distribution, and marketing workshops. Self-publishing has advantages over traditional publishing like retaining full rights and profits, but authors need support in the publishing process. Ivory Pen aims to provide that support at affordable costs so authors can publish without the risk of large upfront expenses or script rejection. Their services are based on the legend of Lord Ganesha using his ivory tusk as a pen to help the author Vyasa publish the epic Mahabharata.
Self publishing allows authors to independently publish and distribute their own work without relying on a traditional publisher. Advances in digital printing have made self publishing more affordable by eliminating upfront costs. Self publishers have full control over pricing, content, distribution, and profits. While self publishing was once risky, some self-published authors like John Grisham have been noticed by major publishers. ZooZoo offers a modern self publishing service for authors to independently publish and distribute their books.
The document discusses the importance of knowledge sharing between organizations working in development. It tells the story of a health care worker in Zambia who struggled to fight malaria until he discovered information published by the CDC. This led Stephen Denning to create the World Bank's knowledge management system to ensure field workers have access to necessary information. The document advocates for NGOs to publish their knowledge and experiences so others can build upon it. It describes services from Ivory Pen to help NGOs professionally publish their work as books through editing, formatting, printing and more.
The document depicts Japan's balance sheet recession through a story told via interactions between different entities. It shows how low interest rates led to rising asset prices and excessive borrowing. When interest rates rose to control inflation, asset prices crashed, leaving many households and businesses technically bankrupt. The government issued bonds to increase the money supply and stimulate the economy through public works projects. Exports later improved, debts were repaid, and confidence returned, ending the recession.
How Netflix Builds High Performance Applications at Global ScaleScyllaDB
We all want to build applications that are blazingly fast. We also want to scale them to users all over the world. Can the two happen together? Can users in the slowest of environments also get a fast experience? Learn how we do this at Netflix: how we understand every user's needs and preferences and build high performance applications that work for every user, every time.
Performance Budgets for the Real World by Tammy EvertsScyllaDB
Performance budgets have been around for more than ten years. Over those years, we’ve learned a lot about what works, what doesn’t, and what we need to improve. In this session, Tammy revisits old assumptions about performance budgets and offers some new best practices. Topics include:
• Understanding performance budgets vs. performance goals
• Aligning budgets with user experience
• Pros and cons of Core Web Vitals
• How to stay on top of your budgets to fight regressions
GDG Cloud Southlake #34: Neatsun Ziv: Automating AppsecJames Anderson
The lecture titled "Automating AppSec" delves into the critical challenges associated with manual application security (AppSec) processes and outlines strategic approaches for incorporating automation to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and scalability. The lecture is structured to highlight the inherent difficulties in traditional AppSec practices, emphasizing the labor-intensive triage of issues, the complexity of identifying responsible owners for security flaws, and the challenges of implementing security checks within CI/CD pipelines. Furthermore, it provides actionable insights on automating these processes to not only mitigate these pains but also to enable a more proactive and scalable security posture within development cycles.
The Pains of Manual AppSec:
This section will explore the time-consuming and error-prone nature of manually triaging security issues, including the difficulty of prioritizing vulnerabilities based on their actual risk to the organization. It will also discuss the challenges in determining ownership for remediation tasks, a process often complicated by cross-functional teams and microservices architectures. Additionally, the inefficiencies of manual checks within CI/CD gates will be examined, highlighting how they can delay deployments and introduce security risks.
Automating CI/CD Gates:
Here, the focus shifts to the automation of security within the CI/CD pipelines. The lecture will cover methods to seamlessly integrate security tools that automatically scan for vulnerabilities as part of the build process, thereby ensuring that security is a core component of the development lifecycle. Strategies for configuring automated gates that can block or flag builds based on the severity of detected issues will be discussed, ensuring that only secure code progresses through the pipeline.
Triaging Issues with Automation:
This segment addresses how automation can be leveraged to intelligently triage and prioritize security issues. It will cover technologies and methodologies for automatically assessing the context and potential impact of vulnerabilities, facilitating quicker and more accurate decision-making. The use of automated alerting and reporting mechanisms to ensure the right stakeholders are informed in a timely manner will also be discussed.
Identifying Ownership Automatically:
Automating the process of identifying who owns the responsibility for fixing specific security issues is critical for efficient remediation. This part of the lecture will explore tools and practices for mapping vulnerabilities to code owners, leveraging version control and project management tools.
Three Tips to Scale the Shift Left Program:
Finally, the lecture will offer three practical tips for organizations looking to scale their Shift Left security programs. These will include recommendations on fostering a security culture within development teams, employing DevSecOps principles to integrate security throughout the development
Quality Patents: Patents That Stand the Test of TimeAurora Consulting
Is your patent a vanity piece of paper for your office wall? Or is it a reliable, defendable, assertable, property right? The difference is often quality.
Is your patent simply a transactional cost and a large pile of legal bills for your startup? Or is it a leverageable asset worthy of attracting precious investment dollars, worth its cost in multiples of valuation? The difference is often quality.
Is your patent application only good enough to get through the examination process? Or has it been crafted to stand the tests of time and varied audiences if you later need to assert that document against an infringer, find yourself litigating with it in an Article 3 Court at the hands of a judge and jury, God forbid, end up having to defend its validity at the PTAB, or even needing to use it to block pirated imports at the International Trade Commission? The difference is often quality.
Quality will be our focus for a good chunk of the remainder of this season. What goes into a quality patent, and where possible, how do you get it without breaking the bank?
** Episode Overview **
In this first episode of our quality series, Kristen Hansen and the panel discuss:
⦿ What do we mean when we say patent quality?
⦿ Why is patent quality important?
⦿ How to balance quality and budget
⦿ The importance of searching, continuations, and draftsperson domain expertise
⦿ Very practical tips, tricks, examples, and Kristen’s Musts for drafting quality applications
https://www.aurorapatents.com/patently-strategic-podcast.html
Transcript: Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - T...BookNet Canada
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
Link to presentation recording and slides: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
An invited talk given by Mark Billinghurst on Research Directions for Cross Reality Interfaces. This was given on July 2nd 2024 as part of the 2024 Summer School on Cross Reality in Hagenberg, Austria (July 1st - 7th)
Sustainability requires ingenuity and stewardship. Did you know Pigging Solutions pigging systems help you achieve your sustainable manufacturing goals AND provide rapid return on investment.
How? Our systems recover over 99% of product in transfer piping. Recovering trapped product from transfer lines that would otherwise become flush-waste, means you can increase batch yields and eliminate flush waste. From raw materials to finished product, if you can pump it, we can pig it.
1. 99 Tamil Flowers from
Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu
Palaniappan Vairam Sarathy
http://karkanirka.org/ 1
2. Dedications
This presentation is dedicated to
Dr. K[mil Zv_l_il
whose book, Smile of Murugan spurred interest in me to
read Tamil Sangam Literature.
The presentation wouldn’t have been possible without the
photos of flora collected by
Flow_rs of In^i[
Biotik
website and photographer
Din_sh V[lk_.
I thank them for their enormous efforts.
http://karkanirka.org/ 2
3. 1. கா த kāntaḷ
kāntaḷ can possibly be either Malabar glory lily or Indian Coral Tree or Scarlet Bauhinia
• Common name: Variety
of glory lily
• Botanical name:
Gloriosa superba L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Glory%20Lily.html (variety)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloriosa_(genus)
http://karkanirka.org/ 3
4. 1. கா த kāntaḷ
• Common name: Indian
Coral Tree
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Coral%20Tree.html • Botanical name: Erythrina
indica Lam.
http://karkanirka.org/ 4
5. 1. கா த kāntaḷ
• Common name:
Scarlet Bauhinia
• Botanical name:
Bauhinia phoenicea Heyne
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Scarlet%20Bauhinia.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 5
6. 2.ஆ ப āmpal
• Common Name:
White Water Lily
• Botanical name:
Nymphaea lotus L. var.
pubescens
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/White%20Water%20Lily.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 6
7. 3.அன ச aniccam
Flower supposed to be so delicate as to droop or even perish when smelt;
This flower is not satisfactorily identified yet. There is high possibility that the flower
is extinct or imaginary.
• Mr. Kumarasamy, former
professor in medicinal
botany,
(Govt Siddha Medical
College Palayamkottai,
Tamilnadu, India)
identifies anicham as
• Common Name:
Blue Pimpernel/Scarlet
Pimpernel
• Botanical name:
Anagallis arvensis Linn.
• This identification is not
accepted by many
scholars.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Blue%20Pimpernel.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 7
8. 4. வைள kuvaḷai
• Common Name: Fragrant water lily
• Botanical name: Nymphaea odorata Ait.
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/plantid2/descriptions/nymodo.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 8
9. 5. றி சி kuṟiñci
• Common Name: Kurunji, Neelakurinji
• Botanical name: Strobilanthes kunthiana (Nees) T. Anderson
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Kurinji.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 9
10. 6. ெவ சி veṭci
• Common Name: Scarlet ixora
• Botanical name: Ixora coccinea L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ixora%20red.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 10
12. 8.ேதமா tē-mā (ேதமா )
• Common Name: Sweet mango
• Botanical name: Mangifera indica L.
http://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/mangifera_indica.htm
http://karkanirka.org/ 12
13. 9. மண சிைக maṇi-c-cikai
• Common Name:
Purple Heart Glory
• Botanical name:
Ipomoea sepiaria J.
Koenig ex Roxb
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Purple%20Heart%20Glory.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 13
14. 10. உ untūḻ
• Common Name:
Indian Thorny Bamboo
• Botanical name:
Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)
Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Thorny%20Bamboo.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 14
15. 11. வள kūviḷam
• Common Name:
Bael
• Botanical name:
Aegle Marmelos Corr.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Bel.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 15
16. 12. எ eṟuḻ
• Common Name: Paper flower climber
• Botanical name: Calycopteris floribunda Lam.
. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Paper%20Flower%20Climber.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 16
17. 13. ள cuḷḷi
• Common Name: Porcupine flower
• Botanical name: Barleria prionitis L.
There is very high possibility that cuḷḷi is just small twigs- instead of a flower.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Porcupine%20Flower.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 17
18. 14. வர kūviram
• Common Name: Sacred garlic pear
• Botanical name:
Crateva religiosa G. Forst.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Garlic%20Pear%20Tree.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 18
19. 15. வடவன vaṭa-vaṉam
Vaṉam in Tamil means Tulsi – So it may be considered as Northern Tulsi or variety of
Tulsi
• Common Name: Shri Tulsi
• Botanical name: Ocimum sanctum L. Var. hirsutum
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Tulsi.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 19
20. 15. வடவன vaṭa-vaṉam
• Common Name: Ram Tulsi
• Botanical name: Ocimum gratissimum L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ram%20Tulsi.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_gratissimum
http://karkanirka.org/ 20
22. 17. டச kuṭacam
• Common Name:
Indrajao
• Botanical name:
Holarrhena
antidysenterica (G.
Don) Wall. ex A.
DC
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indrajao.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 22
23. 18. எ ைவ eruvai
• Common Name: Small Bulrush
• Botanical name: Typha angustata L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Lesser%20Indian%2
0Reed%20Mace.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 23
24. 19. ெச வ ைள ceru-vilai
• Common Name:Butterfly Pea
• Botanical name:
• Clitoria ternatea L. var. albiflora
Voigt
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/4202351529/in/photostream/
http://karkanirka.org/ 24
25. 20. க வள karu-viḷam
• Common Name:
Butterfly Pea
• Botanical name:
Clitoria ternatea L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Butterfly%20Pea.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 25
26. 21.பய ன payiṉi
• Common Name: Indian copal
tree
• Botanical name: Vateria indica L.
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/v/vateindi/vateindi_en.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 26
27. 22. வான vāṉi
• Common Name: Spindle Tree (variety)
• Botanical name: Euonymus dichotomus
Heyne ex Roxb.
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/e/euondich/euondich_en.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 27
35. 30. சி ைள ciru-pūlai
• Common Name:
Mountain Knot Grass
• Botanical name:
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss.
ex Schult
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Mountain%20Knot%20Grass.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 35
36. 31. ந க ண kuṟu-naṟu-ṅ-kaṇṇi
• Common Name: Coral bead vine
• Botanical name: Abrus precatorius L.
• Seeds used as beads in Jewels
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Gunj.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 36
37. 32. கிைல kurukilai
• A tree; ஓ மர .
Unidentified
• Common Name: White Fig
• Botanical name: Ficus virens Ait.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/White%20Fig.html
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/f/ficuvire/ficuvire_en.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 37
38. 33.ம த marutam
• Common Name: Indian Laurel
• Botanical name: Terminalia elliptica Willd. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Asan.html
• Leaves are worn as dress by many tribes
http://karkanirka.org/ 38
39. 34.ேகா க kōṅkam
• Common Name:
Golden silk cotton tree
• Botanical name:
Cochlospermum gossypium (L.) DC.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Butte
rcup%20Tree.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 39
40. 35. ேபா க pōṅkam
• Common Name : horse-eye beans
• Botanical name:
Ormosia travancorica Bedd.
• Seeds used as Beads
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/o/ormotrav/ormotrav_en.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 40
41. 36. திலக tilakam
• Common Name: Red Sandalwood
Botanical name: Adenanthera pavonina L.
• Seeds used as beads
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Sandalwood.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 41
42. 37. பாதி pātiri
• Common Name:
Yellow -flowered fragrant trumpet-
flower tree
• Botanical name: Stereospermum
chelonoides (L. f.)DC.
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stereospermum_chelonoides
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/tags/stereospermumchelonoides/
http://karkanirka.org/ 42
43. 38. ெச தி cerunti
• Common Name:
Golden champak
• Botanical name:
Ochna squarrosa L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ramdhan%20Champa.html
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/o/ochnobtu/ochnobtu_en.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 43
45. 40. ச பக caṇpakam
• Common Name:Champak
• Botanical name: Michelia champaca L.
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/michcham/michcham_en.html
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Champa.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 45
46. 41. கர ைத karantai
• Common Name: East Indian Globe Thistle
• Botanical name: Sphaeranthus indicus L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/East%20In
dian%20Globe%20Thistle.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/303123186
5/in/photostream/
http://karkanirka.org/ 46
47. 42. ளவ kuḷavi
Kuḷavi can be either of the two flowers Millingtonia hortensis L.f. / Pogostemon
heyneanus Benth.
• Common Name: Indian cork.
• Botanical name: Millingtonia hortensis L.f.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/1814771100/
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Cork%20Tree.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 47
50. 44. தி ைல tillai
• Common Name:Blinding tree
• Botanical name: :
Excoecaria agallocha L.
http://floraofsingapore.wordpress.com/201
0/07/11/excoecaria-agallocha/
http://www.natureloveyou.sg/Excoecaria%20agallocha/Main.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 50
51. 45. பாைல pālai
• Paalai could mean many variety of flowers – Please see disambiguation slides
• Common Name: Pala indigo plant
• Botanical name: Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. .
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sweet%20Indrajao.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrightia_tinctoria
http://karkanirka.org/ 51
52. 45. பாைல pālai
• Common Name: Wongai Plum
• Botanical name: Mimusops kauki L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilkara_kauki
http://www.sybout.com/trees.htm
http://karkanirka.org/ 52
53. 46. ைல mullai
•Mullai could mean Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton / Jasminum trichotomum
Heyne ex Roth / Jasminum auriculatum Vahl
Single Mogra Double Mogra Sampaguita
Jasminum sambac var. Jasminum sambac var. Jasminum sambac var.
'Belle of India‘ 'Grand Duke Of 'Maid of Orleans'
Tuscany'
• Common Name: Arabian jasmine
http://www.flowersofindia.net/risearch/s
earch.php?query=Jasminum+sambac& • Botanical name: Jasminum sambac
stpos=0&stype=AND http://karkanirka.org/ 53
58. 49. ெச க காலி ceṅ-karuṅkāli
• Common Name:
Red catechu
• Botanical name:
Acacia sundra
(Roxb.) DC.
http://opendata.keystone-foundation.org/acacia-chundra-rottler-willd-2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_chundra
http://karkanirka.org/ 58
59. 50. வாைழ vāḻai
• Common Name: Plantain
• Botanical name: Musa paradisiaca
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Banana.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 59
60. 51. வ ள vaḷḷi
• Common Name: Yam
• Botanical name: Dioscorea Sp.
In this slide
• Common Name: Five Leaf Yam
• Botanical name: Dioscorea
pentaphylla
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Five%20Leaf%20Yam.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/2902389478/in/photostream/
http://karkanirka.org/ 60
61. 52. ெந த neytal
• Common Name: Red and blue water
lily
• Botanical name: Nymphaea stellata
Willd.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Blue%20Water%20Lily.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 61
62. 53. தாைழ tālai
• Common Name:
Coconut
• Botanical name:
Cocos nucifera L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Coconut.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut http://karkanirka.org/ 62
63. 54. தளவ taḷavam
• Common Name: Red Kunda
• Botanical name: Jasminum elongatum (P. J. Bergius) Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Kunda.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 63
81. 71. இலவ ilavam
• Common Name:Red-flowered silk-cotton tree
• Botanical name: Bombax malabaricum
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Silk%20Cotton%20Tree.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombax_ceiba
http://karkanirka.org/ 81
82. 72. ெகா ைற koṉṟai
• Common Name:
Indian laburnum
• Botanical name:
Cassia fistula L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_fistula
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Amaltas.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 82
83. 73.அ aṭumpu
• Common Name:Goat's foot vine
• Botanical name: Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipomoea_pes-caprae
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Goat%20Foot%20Vine.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 83
84. 74. ஆ தி ātti
Ātti can either be Bauhinia racemosa or Bauhinia
tomentosa
• Common Name: Maloo Creeper
• Botanical name: Bauhinia racemosa Lam.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhinia_vahlii
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Maloo%20Creeper.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 84
85. 74. ஆ தி ātti
• Common Name: Yellow Orchid Tree
• Botanical name: Bauhinia tomentosa L.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Yellow%20Orchid
%20Tree.html
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bauhinia_tomentosa
http://karkanirka.org/ 85
86. 75. அவைர avarai
• Common Name: Lablab Bean
• Botanical name: Dolichos lablab L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lablab_purpureus
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Lablab%20Bean.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 86
88. 77. பலாச palācam
• Common Name:Flame of the Forest
• Botanical name: Butea frondosa Roxb.
ex Willd.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Flame%20of%20the%20Forest.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butea_monosperma
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/444871065/in/photostream/
http://karkanirka.org/ 88
89. 78. ப piṇṭi
• Common Name: Ašōka tree
• Botanical name: Saraca indica L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraca_asoca
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sita%20Ashok.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 89
90. 79. வ சி vañci
• Common Name: Rattan Palm
• Botanical name: Calamus
rotang L.
• Ornaments/dress can be
made using the fiber
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamus_rotang
http://karkanirka.org/ 90
92. 81. சி வார cintuvāram
http://www.flowersofindia.net/c
atalog/slides/Chaste%20Tree.h
tml
• Common Name: Five-leaved Chaste tree
• Botanical name: Vitex negundo L.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_negundo
http://karkanirka.org/ 92
108. 97. த kuruntam
• Common Name: Indian Atalantia
• Botanical name: Atlantia monophylla Linn.
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Atalantia.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 108
109. 98. ேவ ைக vēṅkai
• Common Name: Indian Kino Tree
• Botanical name: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocarpus_marsupium
http://karkanirka.org/ 109
111. பாைல- pālai Disambiguation
• 13 different varieties of flowers can be
addressed as pālai according to University
of Madras – Tamil Lexicon.
• Flowers which were not presented earlier
are presented here.
http://karkanirka.org/ 111
118. க ட பாைல karuṭa-p-pālai
• Common Name:
India-rubber vine.
• Botanical name: :
Cryptostegia grandiflora
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Rubber%20Vine.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptostegia_grandiflora
http://karkanirka.org/ 118
119. Brazilian nutmeg
Photos not available • Common Name:
Brazilian nutmeg
in internet. • Botanical name:
Cryptocarya wightiana
http://www.biotik.org/india/species/c/crypwigh/crypwigh_en.html
http://karkanirka.org/ 119
120. ெகா பாைல koṭi-p-pālai
• Common Name:
Green wax flower.
• Botanical name:
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sneeze%20Wort.html Dregea volubilis
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/2617414125/
http://karkanirka.org/ 120
121. Methodology
• The identifications are based on my Paper
‘Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu and 99 flowers’.
• Identifications of P.L.Sami were compared with
identification of Tamil Lexicon, Institute of Asian
Studies, Naccinarkiniyar commentary and
Identification of other scholars.
• Based on the identification images were found
primarily from Flowers of India, BIOTIK, Dinesh
Valke photo stream and Wikipedia.
• Other images were obtained through google
image search
http://karkanirka.org/ 121
122. References
• Sarathy, Palaniappan Vairam ‘Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu and 99 flowers’,
awaiting publication
• Sami, P.L. ‘Plant names in Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu, Journal of Tamil Studies’-
September 1972, 78-103.
• Marr, J.R. ‘An Examination of Some Plant-Names and Identities in
India’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and
Ireland, No. 1 (1972
• Sivathamby, K. ‘Early South Indian Society and Economy: The Tinai
Concept, Social Scientist’, Dec., 1974, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 20-37
• Francis, Jr., ‘Peter Plants as Human Adornment in India’, Economic
Botany, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1984)
• Seth, M. K. ‘Ornamental use Trees and Their Economic Importance’
pg 327
• Mehra, K. L. Kanodia, K. C. Srivastava, R. N. ‘Folk Uses of Plants
for Adornment in India’, Economic Botany, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Jan. -
Mar., 1975), pp. 39-46
http://karkanirka.org/ 122
124. Story of Iruvatchi Jasmine
• Pictures of Iruvatchi Jasmine in these slides are the only
available pics of these flowers in internet. It took us more
than a month to find this flower. This flower has less
commercial value, hence couldn’t be found in any flower
markets. But we got information from the flower sellers
that this flower was used by hair weavers who weave for
marriage sauvri. These flowers are used as decoration,
these flowers have longer stem hence can be use to
poke into the weaved hair. Those hair weavers wouldn't
sell it and after persuasion the flowers were bought and
photographed. Thanks to Mr.Mahendran Sa,
Mr.Balakumaran Kamaraj and his mother, Gopalapuram
Krishna temple florist Mr.Murugesan, my parents and Mr.
Jagannathan Narayanan
http://karkanirka.org/ 124