Animal cell

The document summarizes key aspects of ocean ecosystems, including average ocean temperatures, biotic and abiotic factors, food webs consisting of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers, decomposers, examples of each, and water, carbon and nitrogen cycles. It also notes that pollution is a major environmental issue impacting over half the global ocean and threatening marine animals.

Grasslands are biomes located between 30-40 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They experience hot summers over 100 degrees Fahrenheit and cold winters below 40 degrees. Grasslands receive 10-30 inches of rain annually and have a growing season and dormant season. Common abiotic factors include temperature, sunlight, soil and water, while common biotic factors include bison, antelope, prairie dogs, grasses and wildflowers. Grasslands are threatened by conversion to farmland and fires caused by lightning strikes in dry seasons.

The Canadian coniferous forest biome has average temperatures between -40 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit, with 5-6 months of cold, humid winters. Precipitation is 300-900 mm annually. Abiotic factors include mountains, ponds, dirt and snow, while biotic factors are the same plus coniferous trees. The biome faces problems of deforestation from human development and pollution from cabin emissions degrading air quality.

The tropical rainforest biome has an average temperature of 77°F and receives heavy rainfall of 75 inches per year. It is home to many animal species like elephants, snakes, and birds. Abiotic factors include water, rocks, and soil while biotic factors are the living things like plants, animals, and humans. Deforestation is a major environmental issue as too many trees are being cut down, making animals homeless and disrupting important nutrient cycles. Replanting trees could help reduce deforestation and allow animals to regain habitat.

The document discusses the climate and seasonal changes in the Rocky Mountains. It notes that winters bring deep snow, high winds, and frequent blizzards, with temperatures dropping below -35 degrees Fahrenheit. Springs have unpredictable weather that can be wet or dry, cold or warm. Summers are sunny in the mornings with afternoon thunderstorms and clear nights. Falls have cool, crisp days with decreasing precipitation and wind. The Rocky Mountains span several states including British Columbia, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado. The forests in the Rocky Mountain region receive over 20 inches of precipitation annually on average. Pine beetles have killed many trees, moving from forests on the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park to those on the east

This document summarizes information about coral reefs. It provides the latitudinal location of coral reefs, with the eastern basin ranging from 34-40 degrees north. It also lists the average temperature ranges for a coral reef biome, with highs of 88 degrees Fahrenheit and lows of 55.2 degrees. Finally, it notes that coral reefs are endangered due to threats from overfishing, pollution, global warming, and natural disasters which disrupt nutrients and damage the reef structures.

Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, and rivers. Plants typically grow along the edges of freshwater bodies, which have a surface temperature that matches the air but get colder with depth, with the bottom layer not receiving sunlight and averaging 4-8 degrees C. Some ponds are seasonal, filling only during rainy times of year. Freshwater lacks waves and has a bottom covered in mud.

Coral reefs are naturally colorful ecosystems found in clear, tropical oceans like Australia. They support thousands of species but are threatened by pollution, overharvesting, disease, and rising ocean temperatures and acidity caused by climate change. Coral reefs are home to algae, fish, mollusks, and other organisms in a complex food web where producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers all interact.