Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons orbit around a small, dense nucleus composed of protons and neutrons. Over time, scientists have developed models of the atom based on new discoveries. Democritus first proposed atoms could not be further divided in 450 BC. In the 19th and 20th centuries, physicists discovered subatomic particles within atoms like electrons, proving atoms could still be divided. Now atoms are understood to have a nucleus surrounded by electron clouds.