This document discusses combustible dust hazards and safety. It provides examples of combustible dust accidents from 1980-2017 that resulted in injuries and deaths. It summarizes NFPA standards related to combustible dust hazards and outlines typical OSHA violations cited under the General Duty Clause for lack of explosion protection systems in dust collectors and inadequate housekeeping and controls for combustible dust. Employers are now testing dusts to determine combustibility and implementing safety management systems to control ignition sources and mitigate combustible dust hazards.
Fire prevention and safety management systemAMOGH DANDEKAR
This presentation discusses fire prevention and safety management. It covers topics such as the elements of fire, different types of fires, fire causes, fire suppression systems, the fire triangle, types of fire extinguishers, and fire hazard management systems. The goal is to provide an overview of these important concepts for fire safety.
An oil depot fire in Jaipur, India in 2009 caused devastating damage. [1] A leak of about 1,000 tons of petrol occurred during a transfer operation between two tanks, forming a large vapor cloud that ignited in an explosion around 7:30pm. [2] The fire spread to all 11 tanks on site over the next five days. Eleven people died and 150 were injured in the explosions and fire. Nearby homes and businesses were damaged and 500,000 people had to be evacuated. Investigations found failures to follow safety procedures during the transfer and deficiencies in the site's fire protection systems contributed to the severity of the incident.
This document provides information on industrial accidents, including:
- Defining industrial accidents as disasters caused by industrial companies through accident, negligence or incompetence.
- Examples of major industrial accidents from various industries that caused significant damage, injury or loss of life such as the Bhopal disaster and Willow Island construction accident.
- Mitigation strategies to reduce risks of industrial accidents like hazard mapping, land use planning, and improving community preparedness.
This document discusses several major industrial accidents involving fires, explosions, and toxic releases from process plants. It begins by describing the 1984 Bhopal disaster in India, where a leak of methyl isocyanate gas from a Union Carbide plant killed thousands. Subsequent sections provide details on additional accidents, including the Piper Alpha oil rig fire in 1988 and the BP Texas City refinery explosion in 2005. The document outlines common hazards in process industries like fires, explosions, and toxic releases, and describes phenomena that can cause accidents such as vapor cloud explosions and BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion) events.
Rotary kilns have become the backbone of many industrial processes, with new applications being developed all the time. This presentation gives an overview of what types of processes rotary kilns are used for, as well as how both direct-fired and indirect-fired rotary kilns work.
This document provides information about a training presentation on combustible dust hazards. It was produced with funding from the Susan Harwood Training Grant through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The presentation aims to define combustible dust, discuss historical dust explosions, identify at-risk industries, perform a risk analysis of dust hazards, and describe principal control methods including prevention and mitigation. It will cover topics such as definitions, risks, facility evaluation, applicable standards, and proposed OSHA regulations on combustible dust.
The document describes a safety incident at a construction site where bricks were scattered and not properly arranged, with some on the edge of scaffolding. This could cause serious injury or death if a brick were to fall from the fourth floor. To prevent accidents, racks or pallets should be provided to properly stack bricks, and signs installed to warn of falling materials.
The document discusses fire and explosions in occupational health and safety. It outlines several key points:
1. The occupational health and safety act has provisions dealing with fire and explosion risks in the workplace. Employers must institute inspection and testing systems if volatile substances may be present. Any hazards must be removed or controlled.
2. There are five classes of fires (A-D) that present risks in different contexts. Different fire extinguishers are used depending on the class.
3. Explosions can occur through natural, chemical, nuclear, electrical, astronomical, or mechanical means. Each type presents unique dangers and precautions must be taken to prevent fires and explosions in occupational settings.
It is a presentation on fire safety.This presentation is so pictorial that i really feel that photos help us to learn some thing really easy.This presentation is easy to see and understand. Presentation help us in relating the matter theoritically.
Thank you everyone related to me and helped me to complete this presentation so beautifully.
This document discusses combustible dust safety. It begins with a brief history of dust explosions, noting the first recorded incident in 1785 and 281 incidents in the US from 1980-2005 resulting in 119 deaths and 718 injuries. It then provides examples of combustible dust accidents in various industries that resulted in fatalities and injuries. The document discusses NFPA standards related to combustible dust hazards and provides data on combustible dust incidents in the US by industry and material type. It also lists potential ignition sources and describes OSHA's National Emphasis Program focused on combustible dust.
A BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion) occurs when a vessel containing liquid above its boiling point and under pressure fails catastrophically. When the vessel fails, the pressure drops rapidly causing the hot liquid to boil and expand violently. If flammable, it can ignite in a large fireball. A major BLEVE accident in 1984 in Mexico City involved an LPG storage terminal, killed 600 people, injured 7000, and caused widespread damage. Proper safety systems like water spray and knowing emergency procedures are important to prevent BLEVEs and protect people if one occurs.
This document provides an overview of a fire protection training session at QPS in Vadodara, India. It introduces the trainer, Abhijit Haldankar, who has over 25 years of experience in process and environmental safety. The agenda covers fire basics, regulations and standards, fire protection system design, fire water demand calculations, fire water pumps, and other fire protection topics. A recent fire incident at an FRP coating company is also described, where a fire started in a sheet metal coating machine and spread to a nearby resin storage area.
Safety in gas cutting requires understanding hazards, proper equipment use, and risk assessment. Key precautions include: knowing equipment parts and how to handle leaks, fires, or backfires; removing combustibles; using protective gear; and maintaining equipment. A risk assessment should consider training, permits, and job safety analysis to minimize dangers.
Basic Of ATEX_Ex_Regulation_SCHUCH.pptx_GTERichard Lim
The document discusses explosive atmospheres and equipment used in hazardous locations. It defines zones based on the likelihood and duration of an explosive gas or dust atmosphere. Zone 0/1/2 are for gas/vapor/mist while Zone 20/21/22 are for combustible dusts. Equipment is categorized based on the zone and certified according to EU regulations. Luminaires are provided as examples and their labels are explained according to the zone, category, type of protection, temperature class and standards.
Fire Safety Needs for Mass Timber Buildings _Arup_UoESusan Deeny
Arup and the University of Edinburgh's have identified the needs for undertaking rational fire design in mass timber construction. This presentation was just featured at the recent World Conference in Timber Engineering at TU Wien.
This document discusses several major warehouse fires and the lessons learned from each incident. It highlights the importance of sprinkler systems, segregating incompatible materials, providing adequate fire protection, and ensuring means of egress are not blocked. The key lessons are that sprinklers must be designed for the stored commodities, incompatible goods must be separated, electrical systems must be evaluated after fires, and unplanned shutdown of sprinklers should be avoided. Training and inspections of fire equipment are also emphasized.
This PPT contains data about What Blasting is, Explosives used in Blasting and there types, Magazine Building, Tools used in Blasting, Precaution in Blasting, Misfire.
This is a slightly modified version of the powerpoint that I presented for the 2010 conference for the International Society of Explosives Engineers. If you would like a copy, please contact me.
Safety training techniques aim to keep students actively involved through encouraging participation, immediate recognition of achievements, and providing feedback on progress. The techniques include interactive methods like group discussions, questions, brainstorming, case studies, role-playing and small group activities. These are preferred over lectures as safety training focuses on practical application and problem-solving over theoretical learning. An effective blended learning approach combines in-person classroom instruction with online resources and independent study.
Blind spots in a factory floor, warehouse and parking bay lead to accidents, damage on property and injuries on staff.
A safety mirror is a low cost solution can help ensure factory safety.
Managing Buyer (Order Booking/ Invoicing), Vender (P.O / Store Receipt), Stock (Finish Goods / Raw Material / Scrap with Cause), Production Planning, Shortage of stock on each stage, Marketing, Support after sale ( Servicing, Sale of Semi finish goods and raw material, Report (Tax wise, Product Wise, Buyer Wise & Bill Wise), Invoicing (With Transport detail, Serial No generation, Tax & Other Charges) and a huge number of report covering the buyer order to delivery and support after sale.
Risk Factory Information Security Coordination Challenges & Best PracticeRisk Crew
Coordinating information security golas and objectives across an enterprise can be difficult. Presentation identifies the challenges and best practices for overcomming them.
Talha Niazi completed training requirements for Weatherford International on surviving an active shooter event on April 14, 2016. This certificate recognizes his achievement and commitment to providing excellent customer service. It was issued by Arnold Frinks, the Global Director of Learning and Development at Weatherford International.
The document provides a security inspection report for NAAFCO Pharma Limited factory in Bandia, Bhaluka, Mymensing. It consists of:
1) General information on the inspection team and factory details.
2) Observations on physical security, access control, IT security and environment. Key issues noted were a weak boundary wall, lack of barbed wire and watchtowers.
3) Maps showing the factory layout.
4) An evaluation noting the need for more trained guards, stronger identification checks, and better command of security personnel.
A lifeguard died after arriving for her morning shift at a YMCA pool in North Carolina. Her coworkers found her unresponsive in the water and attempted CPR, but struggled to access lifesaving devices due to a locked door. At a water park in Indiana, 11 children experienced chlorine burns or breathing issues after the park opened without required inspections and had too much chlorine in the water. The Model Aquatic Health Code outlines guidelines for pool design, operation, maintenance and policies to improve safety.
- Fires can start from a combination of oxygen, heat, and fuel. They spread rapidly through chemical reactions.
- Over 2.8 million fires occur in the UK each year, but only 1 in 5 are reported. Fires cause hundreds of deaths annually.
- New legislation was introduced after deadly fires at Woolworths in 1979 and Bradford City Football Club in 1985 to improve fire safety standards.
- Proper fire safety procedures include knowing fire classifications, what to do upon discovery of a fire or hearing an alarm, evacuation routes, and extinguisher use. Training staff and having emergency plans are important.
A 1-day staff Fire Awareness workshop. Presentation is an abstract from an instructor-led session, so certain elements are not fully active; video clips were also contained in the original. A full working version can be obtained from HJA: info@hollandjones.com.
Fire fighting, types of fires, types of fire extinguishers, building management systems, sprinkler systems, heat and smoke sensors.
http://www.greenarchworld.com/
The presentation discusses fire fighting and prevention. It covers the importance of fire training and history, causes of fire, the fire triangle and methods of extinguishing fires. It also discusses the classification of fires, types of fire extinguishers such as CO2 and AFFF extinguishers, and how to properly use them. The success of firefighting depends on well maintained equipment, training, and knowing which type of extinguisher to use for different fire classifications.
This document summarizes combustible dust incidents and safety practices. It describes several historical dust explosions in industries like grain processing, candy production, and woodworking that killed dozens of workers. Examples from the 2000s are also provided, such as incidents at an Imperial Sugar refinery and several wood mills. The "typical" progression of a dust explosion is depicted in several diagrams. Key safety practices discussed include controlling dust, ensuring electrical equipment is properly rated, implementing dust collection systems, and regularly inspecting and cleaning areas prone to dust accumulation.
The document discusses several incidents involving fires and explosions caused by improper handling and storage of flammables. It provides details on various accidents where workers were cutting barrels, tanks, or using welding torches and caused ignitions or explosions. The document also summarizes fire safety requirements for flammable storage, handling, ventilation, electrical classification, bonding, grounding, and other preventative measures.
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
- A combustible liquid is identified by OSHA as one having a flash point at or above 100F.
- Fire extinguisher education is done initially and annually if required.
- Exit signs must be lit with 5 foot candles.
- Exit access width is minimum of 28 inches per OSHA.
- Over 25 gallons of a Class 1B requires a flammable liquid cabinet or flammable liquid storage room.
- A velocity of 100 fpm is required in a paint spray booth.
This document describes several incidents that occurred in confined spaces involving hazardous atmospheres such as oxygen deficiency, toxic gases like hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, and flammable atmospheres. It notes that confined spaces can be found in locations like sewers, wells, tanks, silos, and vaults. The document emphasizes the importance of atmospheric testing, ventilation, proper use of personal protective equipment including respirators, emergency planning, hazard communication including signage, and training in confined space entry procedures. Violations of confined space entry standards have resulted in fatalities and serious injuries for workers.
This document contains summaries of hazardous materials incidents from 1991 to 2014. It notes key details from each incident such as location, materials involved, cause of ignition, and consequences. Minimum training standards and good engineering practices are also referenced to help prevent future incidents.
This document provides an update on safety topics from John Newquist. It includes:
1) Objectives to explain what safety professionals do, how OSHA works, big issues, emerging workplace floor issues, and where members are located.
2) Data on costs of typical injuries, showing indirect costs are higher than direct medical costs. It also shows audit and training data to improve safety performance over time.
3) Regional OSHA data on citations and fatalities, noting falls and struck by incidents are leading causes of death. It provides an overview of OSHA inspections, investigations, and recent enforcement actions.
What is Combustible Dust, What are the Dangers, and how to lessen your riskCraig Rutledge
OSHA has put an increased emphasis on combustible dust due to an alarming number of injuries and fatalities relating to combustible dust fires and explosions. This presentation covers what is combustible, the dangers of combustible dust, and ways to mitigate your risk with a cleaning program.
This document provides information on respiratory protection standards and requirements. It defines various types of respirators such as HEPA filters, SCBA, and SAR. It discusses OSHA's respiratory protection program requirements including medical evaluation, fit testing, selection, use, maintenance, training and recordkeeping. Case studies are presented that describe respiratory hazards and enforcement actions related to asbestos, silica, lead and other hazards. Selection, use limitations, training and maintenance requirements are covered for various respirator types including air purifying respirators, supplied air respirators, and self-contained breathing apparatus.
The document discusses respiratory protection standards and regulations, including definitions of respirator types, medical evaluation requirements, and hazard examples like silica, asbestos, and lead that require respiratory protection. It also provides case studies on improper asbestos removal and highlights Cal/OSHA's advisory on providing respirators to outdoor workers during wildfire smoke events.
The document provides information about the OSHA Oklahoma City Area Office for fiscal year 2013 from October 1, 2012 to September 11, 2013. It lists the area office staff and describes new OSHA standards and initiatives such as the proposed silica standard, GHS implementation, hazard communication revisions, and safety stand downs in oil and gas. It also summarizes enforcement programs, regional emphasis programs, national emphasis programs, fatalities investigated, and frequently cited standards from fiscal year 2013 inspections.
OSHA Update Illinois Iowa New OSHA Injury Reporting Rule. John Newquist
The document summarizes new OSHA reporting requirements for employers that take effect on January 1, 2015. All work-related fatalities must be reported within 8 hours, and all inpatient hospitalizations, amputations, and losses of an eye must be reported within 24 hours. Employers can report to OSHA by phone or online. The new reporting rules will help OSHA identify workplaces with greater risks and target enforcement and assistance efforts. The Midwest region estimates receiving reports of 3,000 amputations and 10,000 hospitalizations in 2015 under the new rules.
The document summarizes new OSHA reporting requirements for employers that take effect on January 1, 2015. All work-related fatalities must be reported within 8 hours, and all inpatient hospitalizations, amputations, and losses of an eye must be reported within 24 hours. Employers can report to OSHA by phone or online. The new reporting rules will help OSHA identify workplaces with greater risks and target enforcement and assistance efforts. The Midwest region estimates receiving reports of 3,000 amputations and 10,000 hospitalizations in 2015 due to the new rules.
This document summarizes various confined space incidents from 2014-2017 involving deaths due to hazardous atmospheres, lack of permits, monitoring or rescue equipment. It emphasizes that confined spaces can contain invisible, odorless gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and argon which can quickly incapacitate unsuspecting entrants. Proper safety precautions like obtaining permits, continuous atmospheric monitoring, forced ventilation, training employees on hazards and having proper rescue equipment and plans in place are necessary to prevent fatalities from occurring in permit-required confined spaces.
The Bhopal gas tragedy occurred in 1984 when toxic methyl isocyanate gas leaked from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, killing thousands. Several factors contributed to the disaster, including improperly designed safety systems, non-operational safety equipment, and lack of emergency planning. While the cause of the leak is still debated, lapses by both Union Carbide and the Indian government exacerbated the incident. The tragedy highlights the need for inherently safer chemical plant design and hazardous material handling procedures.
The Bhopal disaster occurred in 1984 when toxic gas leaked from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, killing thousands. A tank containing the toxic chemical methyl isocyanate leaked after water entered the tank, causing a chemical reaction that released 30 tons of gas. Strong winds spread the gas over a wide area, exposing hundreds of thousands and killing many. Investigations found safety equipment failures and lack of emergency planning contributed to the massive human and environmental impact of the incident.
Change of management with competent Team Needs to be done For any change in process.When design a plant or process lot of safety were their because of its design .When we change this it might get disturbed and hence revisiting same is required .Two options change should be apple to apple or MOC process and HAZOP study again of entire process.
The Flixborough disaster was caused by an improperly designed and installed pipe modification at a chemical plant in Flixborough, UK. On June 1, 1974, the faulty pipe ruptured, releasing the entire contents of five reactors and forming a massive vapor cloud that ignited, resulting in an explosion. 28 people were killed and hundreds injured or had property damage. The disaster revealed failings in plant modification procedures, design standards, testing, and control room safety. It led to new regulations and emphasis on process safety, change management, and risk reduction to prevent such catastrophic accidents.
1926 motor vechicles and struck by 2021John Newquist
This document provides data on common causes of workplace injuries and fatalities from struck by and motor vehicle incidents. It describes several specific cases where workers were injured or killed by falling objects, vehicles, and equipment. Regulations related to motor vehicles, material handling equipment, rollover protective structures, and forklift operation and safety are referenced. The document emphasizes the importance of training, inspections, traffic control, use of spotters or alarms, and following manufacturer specifications to prevent such incidents.
This document discusses circular saw safety and injuries. It provides details on investigations of amputations and hospitalizations from 2015-2019 involving circular saws. It then gives examples of specific circular saw injuries between 2015-2019 where employees were cut or amputated fingers or limbs. It discusses causes of injuries like hands slipping during cutting or from kickbacks when the blade catches the stock. It provides OSHA regulations on circular saw guarding and discusses proper usage, training, manufacturer rules and recommendations to reduce injuries when operating circular saws.
Fy20 Most Frequently Cited OSHA Standards in ConstructionJohn Newquist
This document summarizes the 10 most frequently cited OSHA violations from fiscal year 2020. Fall protection standards were the top two, with 1926.501 cited 4456 times ($24.6 million) for issues like working on sloped roofs without fall protection. Scaffolds under 1926.451 were second most cited at 1876 times ($5.5 million) for issues like missing guardrails or cross-braces. Ladders under 1926.1053 were third most cited at 1076 times ($4.9 million) for issues like ladders not extending high enough above landings. Fall protection training under 1926.503 was fourth most cited at 1358 times ($2.2 million) for issues like lack of documentation
Fy20 most frequently cited manufacturing OSHA John Newquist
This document summarizes the most frequently cited OSHA violations from fiscal year 2020 for general industry. It lists the top 10 violations by standard code, number of citations issued, and total penalties assessed. For each standard in the top 10, it provides examples of common violations found, such as failing to implement energy control procedures or properly guard machines. It concludes by providing background on the author's safety training and consulting experience since 1987 working with OSHA and major companies.
Cy19 gi most freq cited general industryJohn Newquist
This document lists the most frequently cited OSHA violations from 2019 for general industry. The top violation was for not having a written hazard communication program, receiving 1521 citations. The second most cited violation was for lack of employee training on chemical hazards, receiving 1288 citations. The third most cited violation was for lack of machine guarding, with examples given of guards needed for printing presses, press brakes, conveyors, and the use of light curtains.
This document discusses control of hazardous energy and the OSHA lockout/tagout (LOTO) standard. It covers topics such as hazardous energy types, implementing control measures, developing energy control programs with written procedures, training requirements, and periodic inspections. The objectives are to explain the importance of energy control programs and methods for controlling hazardous energy. It provides an overview of the LOTO standard and minor servicing exception. It also discusses when LOTO applies, such as during servicing that requires bypassing guards or entering danger zones, and exemptions for certain industries.
Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease that can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious lifelong condition. Acute hepatitis C occurs within the first 6 months of exposure and often leads to chronic infection. Chronic hepatitis C can last a lifetime and significantly damage the liver, possibly causing cirrhosis or liver cancer. The virus is primarily spread through contact with infected blood and affects an estimated 3.2 million Americans, with baby boomers most at risk. While treatment is very effective at clearing the virus, hepatitis C was responsible for over 350,000 deaths worldwide in recent years.
1. The document discusses lockout/tagout procedures and case studies involving injuries and fatalities that occurred due to failure to properly lockout energy sources during maintenance and servicing of machines.
2. It provides definitions of key terms used in lockout/tagout such as authorized employee, affected employee, and hazardous energy. It also discusses the requirements for energy control procedures and periodic inspections.
3. The case studies illustrate the importance of following proper lockout/tagout procedures to isolate all energy sources and ensure they cannot be unexpectedly reenergized in order to prevent injuries during maintenance and servicing work.
Outreach Training Requirements 2017 newJohn Newquist
This document outlines new requirements for OSHA authorized outreach trainers effective January 2017. Key changes include:
- Trainers must complete a trainer update course every 4 years to maintain authorization.
- Trainers can only be affiliated with one authorizing training organization per industry.
- Trainers must sign a statement of compliance and adhere to standards of professional conduct.
- Strict limits are placed on class duration, breaks, contact hours per day, and time to complete training.
- Attendance for the full class is required to receive course completion cards.
Here is small ppt on pesticide safety
I am seeing a weakness in training workers on handling pesticides.
I try to avoid food where the pesticide is sprayed directly on the part you are eating.
Thank Rachel Allshiny for the work on this.
Just a mini ppt on an issue that many do not understand. It is machine guarding or lockout.
John Newquist - johnanewquist@ gmail.com
August Safety Training at Non-Profits
CSC 30 Hour construction August 15, 17, 22, 24
CSC 10 Hour construction Upon Request
CSC OSHA 500 In Sep
CSC OSHA 510 Aug 7-10
CSC Excavation Safety Upon Request
Recordkeeping Upon Request
CSC Incident investigation Upon Request
TRMA Scaffold Upon Request
CSC Crane Signal Rigging Aug 16
CSC Confined Space Aug 30
TRMA Confined Space Upon Request
CSC GHS/Health hazards Upon Request
CSC Fall Protection Upon Request
CSC Fall Protection Industry Upon Request
CSC Work Zone MUTCD Upon Request
CSC Job Hazard Analysis Upon Request
CSC Machine Guarding 7100 Aug 28
CSC Emergency Planning Upon Request
CSC Health Hazards Upon Request
CSC OSHA Excavation 3015 Aug 21-23
NIU OSHA 511 TBA
NIU OSHA 501 Upon Request
NIU OSHA 503 Upon Request
NIU Small Business Upon Request
OSHA Intro safety mgt csc Upon Request
NIU Bloodborne Upon Request
OSHA 7115 Lockout TBA
OSHA 3115 Fall CSC 2018
NIU is Northern Illinois University OSHA Education Center http://www.nsec.niu.edu/nsec/
CSC is the Construction Safety Council in Hillside. Www.Buildsafe.org
WDCC is the Western Dupage Chamber of Commerce http://www.westerndupagechamber.com/
TRMA is Three Rivers Manufacturers Association www.trma.org
I usually teach only part of the 30 hour and the 500 series. I have taught 1769 people this year. I teach evenings, weekends, early mornings too
The document provides information about an OSHA 503 course that covers locating and applying revised OSHA general industry safety standards and policies, recommending current requirements, describing new standards, and identifying training resources. The course topics include OSHA inspection policy and procedures updates, safety program management, and training techniques. It also addresses OSHA recordkeeping requirements and contractor training documentation.
This document outlines various emergency response plans for different types of natural disasters and severe weather events including earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, power outages, and more. It discusses designing emergency plans for incidents originating from internal or external sources. Key aspects of planning addressed include designating weather monitors, different response procedures for indoor and outdoor workers, evacuation plans, emergency communication methods, and conducting regular drills. The importance of coordinating response plans with local emergency services and other neighboring facilities is also emphasized.
This document discusses several health and safety apps that can be used in the workplace. It describes apps that allow workers to report hazards and incidents, conduct safety inspections, treat injuries, assess ergonomic risks, identify chemicals, ensure ladder safety, measure noise levels, and calculate safe lifting capacities. These apps aim to engage employees, empower them with safety tools, share safety data company-wide, better document incidents, and help ensure overall compliance.
This document discusses excavation safety and common issues from 2016-2017. It notes that over two dozen construction workers died in 2016 when trenches collapsed on them due to lack of shoring. Three key aspects of planning for safe excavations are mentioned: worker protection, protection of existing utilities, and proper construction. Several case studies from 2015-2017 are provided that describe trench collapses and other excavation accidents that killed or injured workers. Common safety issues from 2016 including unsecured holes, damaged rigging, lack of fall protection, unmarked utilities, and untrained workers. OSHA citations and fines from previous cases are also listed.
This document provides information about OSHA recordkeeping and reporting requirements. It discusses what types of injuries and illnesses must be recorded, how long employers have to report different types of events to OSHA, and penalties for noncompliance. It also summarizes OSHA's site-specific targeting program to inspect workplaces with high injury and illness rates and criminal cases where individuals falsified safety records.
This document provides an introduction to a safety and health management course. It outlines the course objectives of explaining the benefits of a safety management system, identifying the core elements, and describing the key processes. It also discusses management by objectives and forming groups for the course. Overall, the document serves as an introductory overview for a workshop on implementing an effective safety and health management system.
Employee engagement is critical for workplace safety. Disengaged employees are less likely to report injuries or hazards and comply with safety rules. To improve engagement, companies should involve employees in safety initiatives, give consideration to their suggestions, develop effective communication, provide positive feedback, and treat employees with respect. Studies show a significant correlation between engagement and better safety performance. The Caterpillar plant in North Little Rock improved engagement through programs like STACs where employees identify hazards, and positive recognition processes. This resulted in an 89% reduction in recordable injuries over three years.
In Umthatha (Umtata) [(+27633867063*)] 🏥 Abortion Pills For Sale in Umthatha ...ewvyyt
In Umthatha (Umtata) [(+27633867063*)] 🏥 Abortion Pills For Sale in Umthatha (Umtata) ● Women's Abortion Clinic in Umthatha (Umtata) ● Abortion Pill Prices in Umthatha (Umtata) 🏥🚑!! Abortion Doctors Near me, Abortion Services Near Me, Abortion Pills Over The Counter, Abortion Pill Doctors' Offices, Abortion Clinics, Abortion Places Near Me, Cheap Abortion Places Near Me, Medical Abortion & Surgical Abortion, approved cyctotec pills and womb cleaning pills too plus all the instructions needed This Discrete women’s Termination Clinic offers same day services that are safe and pain free, we use approved pills and we clean the womb so that no side effects are present. Our main goal is that of preventing unintended pregnancies and unwanted births every day to enable more women to have children by choice, not chance. We offer Terminations by Pill and The Morning After Pill.” Our Private VIP Abortion Service offers the ultimate in privacy, efficiency and discretion. we do safe and same day termination and we do also womb cleaning as well its done from 1 week up to 28 weeks. We do delivery of our services world wide SAFE ABORTION CLINICS/PILLS ON SALE WE DO DELIVERY OF PILLS ALSO Abortion clinic at very low costs, 100% Guaranteed and it’s safe, pain free and a same day service. It Is A 45 Minutes Procedure, we use tested abortion pills and we do womb cleaning as well. Alternatively the medical abortion pill and womb cleansing !!!
Political polarization: threat to international cooperation.aimantahira
Political polarization is an existential threat to international cooperation. It undermines the ability of states to collaborate effectively over shared challenges, potentially hindering progress and across border communication on global issues that require coordinated actions. As per UNDP report, it has hijacked the domestic politics of USA so Pakistan with no exception. Ironically speaking, it is not just limited to state affairs but equally affects International treaties and agreements. So eventually influence the global integration. Hence the countries entrenched in partisan bickering find it challenging to forge the alliances necessary to tackle pressing global issues like climate change or international security.
In BLOEMFONTEIN ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In BLOEMFONTEIN Mada...508tomato
In BLOEMFONTEIN ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In BLOEMFONTEIN Madadeni In BLOEMFONTEIN ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In BLOEMFONTEIN Madadeni In BLOEMFONTEIN ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In BLOEMFONTEIN Madadeni In BLOEMFONTEIN ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In BLOEMFONTEIN Madadeni In BLOEMFONTEIN ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In BLOEMFONTEIN Madadeni
In A Nutshell: Endometrial Cancer Molecular Subtypesbkling
In recent years, molecular subtypes have played an increasingly important role in classifying endometrial cancers and driving important clinical decisions. Join us on Facebook Live as Dr. Tashanna Myers, Division Chief, Gynecologic Oncology and Vice Chair Academic Affairs for the Department of OB/GYN at Baystate Medical Center, discusses the key molecular subtypes to provide you with a better understanding of the basics.
In MOFOLO ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In MOFOLO ORANGE_FARMeuginexenogeneic
In MOFOLO ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In MOFOLO ORANGE_FARM In MOFOLO ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In MOFOLO ORANGE_FARM In MOFOLO ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In MOFOLO ORANGE_FARM In MOFOLO ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In MOFOLO ORANGE_FARM In MOFOLO ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In MOFOLO ORANGE_FARM
The FY2025 Proposed Budget Report provides a comprehensive overview of the financial plan for the upcoming fiscal year for the City of Winter Springs. It outlines the city's revenue sources, expenditure plans, and fiscal policies, emphasizing transparency and fiscal responsibility. Key highlights include:
A total proposed budget of approximately $68.3 million, representing a 6% decrease from the prior fiscal year.
A focus on balancing economic growth with environmental conservation, reflecting the city's commitment to maintaining high-quality government services and public infrastructure.
Detailed breakdowns of budget allocations across various departments, including General Fund, Enterprise Funds, and other governmental funds.
An Executive Summary that reviews the financial outlook, funding sources, expenditure highlights, and personnel costs.
Specific budgetary considerations for major projects, capital outlay, debt service, and interfund transfers.
Projections of changes in fund balance and equity for governmental and enterprise funds, ensuring fiscal sustainability and sound financial management.
The report also discusses challenges faced by the city, such as inflation, infrastructure maintenance, and the need for strategic investments in public services and facilities. It includes detailed appendices with financial data, organizational charts, and a glossary of terms. This document serves as a crucial tool for city officials, stakeholders, and residents to understand and engage with the city's financial planning and priorities for FY2025.
In Madadeni [(+27633867063*)] 🏥 Abortion Pills For Sale in Madadeni ● Women's...ogwypas
In Madadeni [(+27633867063*)] 🏥 Abortion Pills For Sale in Madadeni ● Women's Abortion Clinic in Madadeni ● Abortion Pill Prices in Madadeni 🏥🚑!! Abortion Doctors Near me, Abortion Services Near Me, Abortion Pills Over The Counter, Abortion Pill Doctors' Offices, Abortion Clinics, Abortion Places Near Me, Cheap Abortion Places Near Me, Medical Abortion & Surgical Abortion, approved cyctotec pills and womb cleaning pills too plus all the instructions needed This Discrete women’s Termination Clinic offers same day services that are safe and pain free, we use approved pills and we clean the womb so that no side effects are present. Our main goal is that of preventing unintended pregnancies and unwanted births every day to enable more women to have children by choice, not chance. We offer Terminations by Pill and The Morning After Pill.” Our Private VIP Abortion Service offers the ultimate in privacy, efficiency and discretion. we do safe and same day termination and we do also womb cleaning as well its done from 1 week up to 28 weeks. We do delivery of our services world wide SAFE ABORTION CLINICS/PILLS ON SALE WE DO DELIVERY OF PILLS ALSO Abortion clinic at very low costs, 100% Guaranteed and it’s safe, pain free and a same day service. It Is A 45 Minutes Procedure, we use tested abortion pills and we do womb cleaning as well. Alternatively the medical abortion pill and womb cleansing !!!
Protection and referral for CBP members.pptMohammed Nizam
Protection in humanitarian responses is very important· and it is heart· of all humanitarian activities . Effective referral· through updated referral· pathways is vital for protection· responses . To ensure· community· resilience for protection· risk· mitigation and prevention· , capacity-building on referral· pathways is essential· .
The slides for this topic· helps you to guide· some basic knowledge· to teach· CBP members on that.
INDUSTRY 5.0 STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION KEYNOTEMichael Rada
INDUSTRY 5.0 PRINCIPLES can be implemented in any environment, any location, without any limitation related to the size.
The first governments of the world named the importance of INDUSTRY 5.0 for national development already in 2023, but struggled with adoption.
This keynote reveal and help to understand what is needed and how to proceed, so as outline the benefits resulting from the implementation
If any questions, feel free to ask
The original presentation can be viewed on YouTube https://youtu.be/YZUfuw3VBnw
2. Coal Dust
• Throughout a twenty‐five year
(1980‐2005) study of PRB
coal‐fired power plants, there
were an average of 11 fires or
explosions, 29 injuries, and 5
deaths per year.
• Another study conducted by the
United States Department of
Labor during the 1996‐2009
time period noted 437
workplace coal power‐related
deaths, averaging 33 deaths per
year in the United States..
Will County Power Plant Crusher Building Explosion
5. May 2017
•On May 31 at approximately 11 p.m., an explosion occurred
at our milling operations located in Cambria, Wisconsin.
•The cause of the explosion is not known
•Corn milling
6. Apr 2017
• Dust collection systems
must be installed which will
safely capture potentially
explosive aluminum fines.
Metallic dusts from grinding, sawing or
cutting should be picked up by one
collection system, while dusts from
buffing and polishing should be picked up
by a different system.
This will prevent the mixing of explosive
and flammable dusts.
8. May 2017
NFPA requires that an explosion isolation
device be installed on all suction side
ducts that transport material with a KST
value above zero.
KST values are used to measure the speed
at which pressure rises during a standard
explosion severity test.
EcoMAXX™ No Return Valve
10. August 2012
• WESTON, Mo. -- More than 200
people were briefly evacuated
after a small explosion and fire at
Kansas City Power & Light's Iatan
power plant in Weston.
• Coal bunker.
• Platte County fire crews were
dispatched to the coal-fired
power plant and quickly
contained the blaze.
11. September 2016
• Francesville, IN
• An employee was operating the
north leg of a grain elevator.
• Grain was being emptied from a
semi-trailer into the north pit
and then being sent to the wet
holding bin when a grain
explosion occurred.
• The employee received burns to
his body resulting in his death.
• 67/M
12. February 2016
• Rockmart, GA
• An employee was scooping
feed pellets off the floor with
a shovel.
• There was an explosion when
the dust ignited and the
employee was killed.
• 25/M
13. January 2015
• Ticonderoga, NY
• An employee was climbing a fixed ladder to change filter bags
on the bag house.
• While changing, fly ash was released from the bagger or silo.
• The employee caught on fire and died as a result of extensive
burns.
• 57/M
14. January 2015
• Farmington Hills, MI
• An employee was prepping the
north sand hopper interior walls.
• A fire started when a spark,
radiant heat and/or conductive
heat, likely ignited the fire
retardant insulation.
• One employee died (37/M) and
three were hospitalized from
smoke and soot inhalation with
complications.
15. Feb 2014• Federal inspectors
determined excessive
accumulation of grain
dust in the hammer mill
area ignited and the
explosion killed one
worker and sent five
others to area
hospitals.
• The blast caused
excessive damage to
the building and closed
the feed mill.
16. April 2014
• Corrigan TX
• Four people remain hospitalized, three in critical condition, after an
explosion and fire at a Polk County plywood mill
• a) dust collector bags impeded the venting area of the dust collector
deflagration vents.
• b) explosion vents releasing in the dust collector without taking measure
to protect employees from the fireball path
• c) dust collector vented and the deflagration traveled upstream to the
sander.
• d) responding to a fire within the sander dust collection system without
the main blower remaining in operation.
• e) responding to a fire within the sander dust collection system without a
choke between the sander dust collector and silo leading to the
briquetter.
17. May 2014
• Hartford CT
• A workbench in the
finishing room of the facility
caught fire on May 19,
2014, while an employee
cleaned titanium aircraft
parts.
• The room's dust collection
system lacked adequate fire
and explosion controls.
• Flammable titanium dust
had also settled on
electrical equipment.
Titanium Dust Collector fire
photo
18. August 2014
• 75 people were killed
and 185 others injured
after an explosion
ripped through a metal
products factory in
China’s eastern Jiangsu
Province
19. Chemical Safety Board
• From 2008 to 2012, our board documented,
50 combustible dust accidents that led to 29
fatalities and 161 injuries.
20. July 2013
• Springdale, MO
• 1 dead, 3 burned.
• “The dust associated
with the type of process
goes on here resulted in
some type of a flash fire
that encapsulated three
of the employees,”
McDonald said.
22. Apr 2017
• If maintenance is planned and
welding or cutting is required, all
machinery, ductwork and
collectors must be shut down,
emptied and cleaned, and all
aluminum dust removed from the
area and properly disposed of.
• The interior surfaces of all
equipment must be carefully
inspected to check for possible
accumulations of fine powder,
particularly at elbows, welded
joints, etc. These surfaces must
be wiped clean.
23. OSHA
• OSHA has regularly stated that NFPA standards that have not
been specifically incorporated into OSHA standards or
adopted by state or local jurisdictions should be considered
by companies as guidance.
• At the same time, however, the NEP Compliance Directive
instructs OSHA inspectors to consult the NFPA standards to
“obtain evidence of hazard recognition and feasible
abatement methods” to support a citation under the GDC.
• Consequently, companies should consult NFPAs when
evaluating and mitigating potential combustible dust hazards
at their facilities.
24. The Long and Winding Road
• History of Hazards
• OSHA Inspections
• Issues
• Citations
• Trends
25. Trend 1 – Rare Events but Still Occurring
• Two British Columbia
sawmills
• Four dead and 52
injured
• Fines of up to $652,000
• Possible jail.
• These were wood dust
explosions
26. Metal Dust - 2011
• Hoeganaes plant TN
• Four dead, two
explosions
• The plant
manufactures metal
powder used in the
automotive industry
• CSB and OSHA
investigations
• The company issued a
statement saying it has begun
a review “to ensure that we
fully understand the cause of
the fire and have
implemented appropriate
measures to prevent a
recurrence of this incident.”
• “We have already made
significant progress on some
of the issues raised by the CSB
and we won't resume
production until we are
confident that all issues have
been addressed.”
27. Grain Dust Explosion - 2011
• Oct 29, 2011
• Six dead, 2 injured
• Five Willful, 8 serious
• $400,000 penalty
• Case in court
• Lawsuit by families
28. Grain Elevator - 1977
• Westwego, LA
• Grain Elevator
Explosion
• Dec 1977
• Spark ignited grain dust
• The explosion killed 36
people
29. Ford River Rouge Power Plant
• 2/1/1999
• Dearborn , MI
• MIOSHA General Duty
egregious
• $1,500,000 penalty
• Natural gas boiler explosion
triggered secondary coal
dust explosion that had
accumulated on building
and equipment surfaces
• No flame sensing interlock
for the gas lines
30. Imperial Sugar - 2008
• Feb 7, 2008
• 14 died
• 60 injured
• $180-220 million dollar
est. loss
• $7,700,000 Fine – OSHA
31. Trend 2 – OSHA NEP continues
• Combustible Dust
National Emphasis
Program (NEP) –
revised March 2008
• CSB issues
recommendations in
2005
• Advanced Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking
(ANPRM) – published
October 2009
• Expert panel met May
2011
• Next action???
32. OSHA Inspections
• Over 1000 COMDUST NEP
inspections since 2008
• High Violations per
inspections (Over
6.0/inspection)
Triggers are:
• Complaint or referral
• Media reports of fires and
explosions
• Inspection Targeting List
~150-300 inspections in 2013
33. Sample Accident 2008
• Transfer of metal dust
into mixer
• What questions would
you ask?
34. Sample Accident Jan 2009
• The laminate panels pass on
a conveyor underneath a
curing UV light.
• A panel jammed up
underneath the UV light.
• The panel heated up to the
point where it charred,
smoldered and eventually
caught fire.
• The charred pieces were
sucked up into the local
exhaust system, where they
ignited in the dust collector
located outside the plant.
• The dust collector blew up,
sending a shock wave back
into/through the plant.
Several overhead doors were blown
off, and one of these struck 4
employees, injuring them.
35. COMDUST NEP
• Plant history of fires
• Employer’s Dust
Management System
• MSDS’s
• Dust Accumulation
• Dust Collectors
• Ventilation Specifications
• One liter of dust sampled
• Photos
• Interviews – Employees,
Employers
36. Sample OSHA Questions
• What is the Plant’s
Housekeeping program?
• Is there dust accumulation
of 1/32 inch thick?
• Dust collectors located
inside of buildings?
• Explosion relief venting
distributed over the
exterior walls of buildings
and enclosures?
37. Sample OSHA Questions
• Does the facility have
isolation devices to prevent
deflagration propagation
between pieces of
equipment connected by
ductwork?
• Does the facility have an
ignition control program,
such as grounding and
bonding?
Fire through a duct is bad
38. Sample OSHA Questions
• Are Vacuum cleaners
used in dusty areas and
approved for the hazard
classification?
• Are separator devices
to remove foreign
materials used?
• Can tramp metal ignite
combustible dusts in
the dust collection
systems? Check the label for Class II
39. Sample OSHA Questions
• Is the exhaust from the
dust collectors
recycled?
• Does the dust collector
system have spark
detection and
explosion/deflagration
suppression systems?
40. Sample OSHA Questions
• Are ducts designed to maintain
sufficient velocity to ensure the
transport of both coarse and fine
particles?
• What is the design basis for the
ventilation?
• Are duct systems, dust collectors,
and dust-producing machinery
bonded and grounded to minimize
accumulation of static electrical
charge?
41. Sample OSHA Questions
• Is metal ductwork used?
• Are bulk storage containers
constructed of
noncombustible materials?
• Are employees trained in
the hazards of the
combustible dust?
• Are MSDSs for the
chemicals which could
become combustible dust
under normal operations
available to employees?
42. NEP Citations
• 1910.22, Housekeeping
• 1910.38, Emergency action plans
• 1910.94, Ventilation
• 1910.132, PPE Hazard Analysis
• 1910.146, Permit-required confined
spaces
• 1910.272, Grain handling facilities
• 1910.307, Hazardous (classified)
locations
• 1910.1000 Z table, Toxic and
hazardous substances
• 1910.1200, Hazard communication
• General duty clause
5/16/2002 Vicksburg, MS
5 fatalities, 7 injured
23 serious, 2 unclassified
$210,000
Fire in the baghouse, then rubber
dust explosion
No explosion venting or
suppression in baghouse
Poor housekeeping
88 fire reports in 13 years
43. Trend 3 – OSHA will continue to use
the General Clause Violation
• Dust collectors (Air
Material Separator)
inside
• No proper explosion
protection systems
such as explosion
venting or explosion
suppression systems
NFPA 654 – 2013
7.13.1.1.1 Where an explosion hazard
exists, air-material separators with a
dirty-side volume of 8 ft3 (0.2 m3) or
greater shall be located outside of
buildings.
There are exceptions.
44. Typical 5(a)(1) Violations
• Systems were not
provided to prevent
deflagration
propagation from
dust collectors to
other parts of the
plant.
October 29, 2003 - Hayes Lemmerz
Manufacturing Plant, IN
Shawn Boone, 33, died in the
Aluminum Dust explosion
45. Typical 5(a)(1) Violations
• No explosion relief
venting distributed
over the exterior
walls and roofs of the
buildings.
CTA Acoustics 2003 – 7 dead
Fiberglass fibers and excess phenolic resin
powder probably went to the oven while
workers were using compressed air and
lance to break up a cogged bag house
filter
46. Typical 5(a)(1) Violations
• Dust Collector and
ducts do not prevent
propagation to other
parts of the plant
From BS&B
48. Grounding
All equipment used in the
dust generating process
must be thoroughly
grounded to remove static
electricity.
“Recommended Practice on
Static Electricity,” NFPA 77,
should be followed.
Inspection and cleaning of all electrical equipment must be done regularly and
frequently (at least weekly).
Ground connections should be checked visually on a daily basis by the
operators.
50. Typical 5(a)(1) Violations
• A means of tramp metal
protection was not
provided to keep any
unwanted metal
fragments out of the
air-material separators
From Duramag
52. Typical 5(a)(1) Violations
• Compressed Air was
used for cleaning
• Tip: Clean fugitive dust
• Regular program
• Access to hidden areas
• Safe cleaning methods
• Maintain dust free as possible
• No blow down unless All
electrical power and
processes have been
shutdown and other means
cannot work.
• See NFPA
54. Typical 5(a)(1) Violations
• Not maintaining duct
velocity
• Aluminum Conveyor
velocity might be 4500
ft/min for pneumatic
conveyors
55. Strategy for Employers
• Test for Combustible
Dust
• Find Applicable NFPA
standards
• Implement a Safety
Management System
• Housekeeping
• Electrical Classification
• Conduct Process Hazard
Analysis for Dust
Generation Processes
• Control Ignition sources
• Develop safety
procedures for working
on dust collectors
• Investigate leaks, hot
spots, near misses
• Train Employees in
hazards of combustible
dust
• Plan for fires and
emergencies
56. NFPA References
• 654 General
• 664 Wood
• 61 Agriculture
• 484 Metal
• 850 Coal Power
Plants
• 70 National Electric Code
• 499 Classification of
Combustible Dust
• 68 Deflagration Venting
Systems
• 69 Explosion Prevention
Systems
• 91 Exhaust Systems
• 2113 Flame Resistant
Clothing
57. NFPA Objective
• Hazard control objectives:
• Prevent or limit formation of hazardous
atmosphere
• Prevent ignition of the hazardous atmosphere
• Limit the consequences of a deflagration to
acceptable levels (mitigation or control)
Includes secondary explosion protection
58. Trend 4 – Employers are Testing
• NFPA 654 recommends that determination of
dust combustibility be based on screening test
methodology per ASTM E1226 – 2010 edition
• If dust is determined explosive, further testing
may be needed to establish the properties
needed for the intended protection methods
• E1226-2010 as well as NFPA 654 recommends
testing in larger scale (e.g. in 1 m3) if dust is
marginally explosive in 20-L apparatus.
60. Where are Dust Sources?
• Bag Openers (Slitters)
• Blenders/Mixers
• Dryers
• Dust Collectors
• Pneumatic Conveyors
• Size Reduction Equipment (Grinders)
• Silos and Hoppers
• Hoses, Loading Spouts, Flexible Boots
61. Ignition Source Control
• Electrical equipment
• Hot Works
• Static electricity control
• Mechanical sparks & friction
• Open flame control
• Design of heating systems &
heated surfaces
• Use of tools, & vehicles
• Maintenance
62. NFPA 654 - 2013
• Chapters 1 – 3
Administrative
• Chapter 4 General
Requirements
• Chapter 5 Performance-
based Design Option
• Chapter 6 Facility and
Systems Design
• Chapter 7 Process
Equipment
• Chapter 8 Fugitive Dust
Control and
Housekeeping
• Chapter 9 Ignition
Sources
• Chapter 10 Fire
Protection
• Chapter 11 Training and
Procedures
• Chapter 12 Inspection
and Maintenance
63. Seven Key NFPA 654 Changes
• 4.2 Process Hazard
Analysis (PHA)
• TREND 5 – PHA are
conducted in less than
10% of companies, but
increasing rapidly
• OSHA VPP facilities
have conducted
numerous PHAs
• 4.2.1* The design of the
fire and explosion
safety provisions shall
be based on a process
hazard analysis of the
facility, the process, and
the associated fire or
explosion hazards.
64. NFPA 654 PHA
• Examine the facility,
process, and fire and
explosion hazards
• Actual test data required
to support analysis
• Which materials are
combustible?
• If not known, but
suspected, then data are
needed
• Closed or open processes?
• Rate of generation or
release of solids to an
environment?
• Any collection methods in
place?
• Conclusion: processes
generates or handles solids
and dusts are formed in
process, potential exists
65. Seven Key NFPA 654 Changes
• 4.3 Management of
Change. Written
procedures to manage
change to process
materials, technology,
equipment, procedures,
and facilities shall be
established and
implemented.
66. Seven Key NFPA 654 Changes
• 4.4.1* Incidents
that result in a fire
or explosion of a
magnitude that
causes property
damage,
production
shutdown time, or
injury shall be
investigated.
• 4.4.3* A written report
…
• 4.4.4* A summary of
the incident
investigation report
shall be shared with
affected personnel…
67. Seven Key NFPA 654 Changes
• 6.1.1.1 Those portions of
the process and facility
interior where dust
accumulations exist
external to equipment in
sufficient depth to
prevent discerning the
underlying surface color
shall be evaluated to
determine if a dust
explosion hazard or flash
fire hazard exists.
68. Seven Key NFPA 654 Changes
• 6.1.1.3* Dust flash fire or
dust explosion hazard
areas shall additionally be
determined in accordance
with any one of the
following four methods:
• Layer depth criterion
method in 6.1.3
• Mass method A in 6.1.4
• Mass method B in 6.1.5
• Risk evaluation method in
6.1.6
The NFPA 2 day course on combustible
dust covers these assessment.
69. Seven Key NFPA 654 Changes
• 6.2 Segregation, Separation, or
Detachment of Combustible Dust
Handling and Processing Areas.
• 6.2.1 General. Areas in which
combustible dusts are produced,
processed, handled, or collected such
that combustible dust accumulation
on exposed or concealed surfaces,
external to equipment or containers,
exceeds the threshold as determined
in Section 6.1, shall be detached,
segregated, or separated from other
occupancies to minimize damage
from a fire or explosion.
70. Seven Key NFPA 654 Changes
• 7.3.2* Pneumatic Conveying,
Dust Collection, and Centralized
Vacuum Cleaning Systems.
• 7.3.2.1 The design of the system
shall be documented, and the
documentation shall include the
following information:
• Data on the range of particulate
size
• Concentration of combustible
dust in the conveyance air stream
• Potential for reaction between
the transported particulates and
the extinguishing media used to
protect process equipment
• Conductivity of the particulates
• Other physical and chemical
properties that could affect the
fire protection of the process
71. Mitigation Ignition source control
• Electrical equipment
• Class II, Division 1 and 2
• Consider equipment both inside dust handling equipment and outside
• Static electricity control
• Grounding and bonding are key
• Inspection of ground and bonding means
• Vibrating equipment (e.g., sifters) may cause fatigue failure in straps
• Mechanical sparks & friction
• Rotating equipment bearing failure can lead to very hot surfaces (above the MIT)
• Sliding surfaces can develop charges
• Steel tools dropping onto concrete or steel
• Mechanical integrity management system/vibration analysis system
• Hot work program
• Open flames
• Design of heating systems & heated surfaces
• Use of tools & vehicles
• Maintenance
• Comfort heating equipment shall obtain combustion air from clean outside source
72. Damage Control
• Detachment (outside or other bldg.)
• Separation (distance within same room)
• Segregation (barrier)
• Pressure resistant construction
• Pressure relieving construction
• Pressure Venting
• Relief valves
• Maintenance
• Specialized detection systems
• Specialized suppression systems
• Explosion prevention systems
• Maintenance
73. Safety and Health Information Bulletin
• Purpose
• Background
• Elements of a Dust Explosion
• Facility Dust Hazard Assessment
• Dust Control
• Ignition Control
• Damage Control
• Training
• References
76. 2011
• 5(a)(1) Hammond DusKolector, model DK- 8, dry-type dust collector,
which collected combustible aluminum dust generated by the polishing of
aluminum tubing on equipment
• (1) The employer had the Hammond DusKolector, model DK-8, located
inside the building.
• (2) This dust collector did not have deflagration venting.
• (3) This dust collector did not have any barriers or other means of
protection for personnel from flash fire or shrapnel in the event of
explosion.
• (4) Ribbed, flexible, non-metallic ductwork connected the Hammond
sander. This ductwork would allow the combustible aluminum dust to
accumulate on interior surfaces, and the non- metallic material of which
the ductwork consisted would allow for the accumulation of static
charges.
77. 2011 continued
• (5) This dust collector did not get emptied at least once per day.
• (6) When employees emptied the combustible aluminum dust from the
dust collector, they did not mix the combustible aluminum dust with an
inert material (five parts inert material to one part aluminum dust), but
rather just disposed of the combustible aluminum dust in a dumpster,
where the dust commingled with various other wastes.
• (7) This dry-type dust collector recycled air back into the Polishing Room.
(b)Polishing Room - The facility had a dry-type dust collection system,
which collected combustible stainless steel dust generated by the
polishing and buffing of stainless steel tubing. This dust collection system,
located outside of the building, had the following deficiencies, on or about
78. 2011 continued
• Among other methods, one feasible and acceptable abatement method to
correct this hazard includes following National Fire Protection Association
NFPA 484, Standard for Combustible Metals, 2009 Edition, including, but not
limited to:
• *Locate dry-type dust collectors, used to collect combustible aluminum dust,
outside of buildings (NFPA 484 Chapter 6, Section 6.3.2.5).
• *Provide deflagration vents on dry collectors, used to collect combustible
aluminum dust (NFPA 484, Chapter 6, Section 6.3.5.6).
• *Provide dry-type dust collectors, used to collect combustible aluminum
dust, with barriers or other means for protection of personnel (NFPA 484,
Chapter 6, Section 6.3.2.5.2).
• *Construct ducts on dust collection systems, used to collect combustible
aluminum dust, only of conductive material fabricated and assembled with
smooth interior surfaces and with internal lap joints facing the direction of
airflow (NFPA 484, Chapter 6, Section 6.3.3.5.1), and also bond and ground
duct systems, dust collectors, and dust-producing machinery to minimize
accumulation of static electric charge (NFPA 484, Chapter 6, Section 6.3.3.6).
79. 2011 continued
• *Remove combustible aluminum dust from dry collectors at least once each
day and at more frequent intervals if conditions warrant (NFPA 484, Chapter
6, Section 6.3.5.5), and mix the combustible aluminum dust waste with an
inert material in a volume ratio of five parts inert material to one part metal
dust (NFPA 484, Chapter 6, Section 6.3.5.5.3).
• *Do not recycle air from dry-dust collectors, used to collect combustible
aluminum dust, into buildings (NFPA 484, Chapter 6, Section 6.3.6).
• *Provide each machine that produces combustible stainless steel dust with
hoods, capture devices, or enclosures connected to a dust collection system
that has sufficient suction and capture velocity to collect and transport all
the dust produced (NFPA 484, Chapter 12, Section 12.2.1.1).
• *Provide deflagration vents on dry collectors, used to collect combustible
stainless steel dust (NFPA 484, Chapter 12, Section 12.2.10.7).
• *Provide dry-type dust collectors, used to collect combustible stainless steel
dust, with barriers or other means for protection of personnel (NFPA 484,
Chapter 12,Section 12.2.1.5). *Locate the blower for drawing the dust-laden
air into the stainless steel dust collector on the clean-air side of the collector
(NFPA 484, Chapter 12, Section 12.2.10.12).
80. 2011 continued
• *Construct ducts on dust collection systems, used to collect combustible
stainless steel dust, only of conductive material fabricated and assembled
with smooth interior surfaces and with internal lap joints facing the direction
of airflow (NFPA 484, Chapter 12, Section 12.2.5.6), and also bond and
ground duct systems, dust collectors, and dust-producing machinery to
minimize accumulation of static electric charge (NFPA 484, Chapter 12,
Section 12.2.5.10).
• *Remove combustible stainless steel dust from dry collectors at least once
each day and at more frequent intervals if conditions warrant (NFPA 484,
Chapter 12, Section 12.2.10.6).
• *Do not recycle air from dry-dust collectors, used to collect combustible
stainless steel dust, into buildings (NFPA 484, Chapter 12, Section 12.2.11).
• *Do not install automatic sprinkler systems in area where combustible
metals are produced or handled (NFPA 484, Chapter 13, Section 13.3.1.1).
81. 2013
• (5)(a)(1) American Roto-Clone dust collector located outside and used to
collect aluminum dust from finishing operations.
• The dust collector lacked means of
• (1) explosion protection and
• (2) upstream ductwork was deficient, as it was: not conductive, not
bonded and grounded, not as straight and short as possible and has
capped ends that can accumulate aluminum dust. .
82. • 2014 Enforcement Case: Powderpart Inc.
• Last spring, a Woburn, Massachusetts-based 3-D printing company,
Powderpart Inc., was cited by OSHA for multiple alleged violations
involving combustible dust hazards, including violations of the GDC for
failure to furnish employment and a place of employment “which are free
from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or
serious physical harm to his employees.” The inspection followed a
November 5, 2013 explosion and fire that inflicted third-degree burns on a
company employee. Powderpart allegedly failed to eliminate known
sources of potential ignition and follow pertinent instructions from
equipment manufacturers, did not alert Woburn Fire Department to the
workplace presence of hazardous materials, and located an employee
workstation and flammable powders next to an area with explosion
potential, among other alleged violations, according to OSHA. OSHA’s
then acting regional administrator for New England stated,
“Establishments that use metal powders in this new technology need to
scrutinize their processes and take steps to prevent and protect their
employees from fire and explosion hazards that arise with these materials