Hani Mori-Bottger on "Beauty and Strength"
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"At the Intersection of Beauty and Strength: Earthen Structures that Survive Earthquakes" http://www.scaruffi.com/leonardo/sep2012.html
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Hani Mori-Bottger on "Beauty and Strength"
- 1. Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 2. Huacas, enormous monuments in Peru built entirely of individual adobe blocks – Huaca Pucllana in Lima, Peru, 500 AD Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 3. Chan Chan, Chimú Empire, near Trujillo, Peru – 850 AD until 1470 AD Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 4. Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 5. Elsewhere in the Americas – Taos NM, San Francisco de Assis Church, 1816 Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 6. Great Mosque at Djenné, Mali – 1907 – largest adobe structure in the world Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 7. Sun-dried mud bricks (adobe, called “ferey”), mud mortar, mud plaster on exterior. Bundled palm protrusions serve as scaffolding for maintenance and access. Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 8. cob bird’s nest cob “fish” lantern Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 9. “lipan” earth embroidery in Gujarat, India Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 10. Arg-é Bam, Iran, adobe city and citadel in use 500 BC to 1850 AD Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 11. After 2003 earthquake – erosion + ground acceleration = over 75% damaged Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 12. Areas of greatest seismic activity around the world: Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 13. Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 14. De La Osa Adobe, Encino CA, 1850 - damaged by Northridge Earthquake, 17 January 1994 Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 15. …not to mention the billions, by some estimates close to 1/3 of the world’s population, living in adobe constructions and susceptible to seismic disasters. Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 16. What is the problem? earthquake “force” ground acceleration Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 17. What are some solutions? 1. horizontal reinforcement of adobe masonry 2. high fiber content 3. confinement Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 18. 1. Fabric reinforcement for masonry walls: • prevents the primary crack formation • transfers stresses in mortar to other parts of the wall by bonding well to the mortar • forces small cracks to form throughout • can be VERY inexpensive – synthetic felt, burlap etc • allows overall wall to deform greatly Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 19. Felt fabric reinforcement allowed wall to stay together under large loads Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 20. 2. High fiber content in cob works similarly: • transfers stresses in cob to other parts through spread and bond of fibers • forces small cracks to form throughout • can be VERY inexpensive – straw • allows overall structure to deform greatly Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 21. 3. Confinement on exteriors of adobe or cob wall: • do not attempt to change behavior of wall components • contain and control wall material during seismic activity Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 22. Actual implementation of these techniques (1 & 2): Concept watercolor for bamboo-cob composite building by Massey Burke. Clarks Island, Clear Lake, CA Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 23. Model of interior bamboo structure Model of bamboo-cob composite building Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 24. Many names, one idea: quincha, wattle-and-daub, bahareque Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 25. USF students & community building together Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu
- 26. Many thanks to: • University of California at Berkeley, where the fabric reinforcement studies were conducted (Claudia Ostertag, Bill MacCracken, Jeff Higginbotham) • University of San Francisco and Santa Clara University, where the heavy straw clay and bamboo studies were, and continue to be conducted (Massey Burke, Mark Aschheim) • Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, where the greatest amount of study on earthen structures is conducted (Marcial Blondet, Daniel Torrealva) Musgum earthen architecture, Cameroon Hana Mori Böttger · Architecture & Community Design hmori2@usfca.edu