The document provides an overview of industrial hydraulics, including:
- The definition and etymology of hydraulics.
- Examples of hydraulics in everyday life and basic hydraulic systems like hydraulic jacks.
- Key figures in the development of hydraulics like Joseph Bramah.
- Fundamental hydraulic principles like Pascal's law.
- Components of hydraulic systems like pumps, valves, actuators, and fluid conditioning elements.
- Types of hydraulic pumps, cylinders, motors, and directional control valves.
A servo valve is a directional control valve that can be precisely positioned using an electrical signal to control the amount and direction of fluid flow. Coupled with sensors, servo valves provide very accurate control of position, velocity, or acceleration. Compared to proportional valves, servo valves use closed-loop control for higher accuracy and frequency response but require cleaner fluid and more maintenance. Servo valves are the most sensitive to contamination and require fluid cleanliness of 5 microns or less.
This document discusses various hydraulic actuators and control components. It begins by describing different types of hydraulic cylinders including single acting, double acting, double rod, tandem, and telescopic cylinders. It then discusses cylinder cushioning and mounting. The document next covers various directional control valves including check valves, pilot operated check valves, 3/2 valves, 4/2 valves, and 4/3 valves. It provides details on the construction and operation of each. Finally, the document discusses flow control valves including pressure relief valves and compound pressure relief valves.
This document discusses pneumatic systems and their components. It covers the basics of pneumatic systems including common components like compressors, filters, dryers, receivers, control valves and actuators. It also discusses the gases used, advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic systems, applications, electro-pneumatic controllers and system diagrams. Hydraulic systems are mentioned but not described in detail.
The document provides an overview of pneumatic valves, describing their main components and functions. It discusses the various types of valves including poppet valves, spool valves, and three-position spool valves. Poppet valves are simple designs used for on/off functions, while spool valves are more versatile and available in many port configurations. Spool valves can have dynamic seals that move with the spool, glandless designs with no seals, or static seals fixed in the valve body. Three-position spools can block all ports, open exhaust ports, or open pressure ports in their center position.
This document discusses different types of actuation systems used in control systems, focusing on pneumatic and hydraulic systems. It describes how directional control valves are used to direct fluid flow through pneumatic and hydraulic systems. Common types of directional control valves include spool valves, rotary spool valves, and poppet valves. Process control valves are also discussed, along with how diaphragm actuators are used to control fluid flow rates. Finally, the document briefly covers single-acting and double-acting cylinders used in pneumatic and hydraulic systems.
This document discusses low cost automation using pneumatic systems. It begins with an overview of automation and pneumatics, explaining that pneumatics can provide low cost automation solutions through reducing labor costs, machine investment costs, and increasing productivity. The document then covers various pneumatic components and applications, advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics, pneumatic standards, classifications of pneumatic elements, and examples of pneumatic circuits.
HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATING AND UTILIZING SYSTEMS
Introduction to fluid power system - Hydraulic fluids - functions, types, properties, selection and application.
POWER GENERATING ELEMENTS: Pumps, classification, working of different pumps such as Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial), pump performance or characteristics, pump selection factors- simple Problems.
POWER UTILIZING ELEMENTS: Fluid Power Actuators: Linear hydraulic actuators – Types and construction of hydraulic cylinders – Single acting, Double acting, special cylinders like tandem, Rodless, Telescopic, Cushioning mechanism.
Hydraulic Motors, types – Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial) – performance of motors.
This document provides an overview of hydraulics and pneumatics systems. It defines the terms, explains basic concepts like Pascal's law and fluid power transmission. It describes the working principles of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, including components like pumps, valves, actuators. Examples of applications in various industries like manufacturing, automobiles are given. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems are listed. Overall it serves as a introductory guide to the fundamentals and applications of hydraulics and pneumatics.
The document summarizes key concepts in hydraulics including:
1. Hydraulics uses liquids to transmit force via Pascal's law, where pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout a confined liquid.
2. Key components include pumps to pressurize fluid, cylinders to convert hydraulic power into mechanical motion, and control valves to direct fluid flow.
3. There are different types of hydraulic systems, pumps, cylinders and valves that are suited to various applications and pressure requirements.
A hydraulic system uses a piston inside a cylinder to transmit power using an incompressible fluid. It includes a storage tank, filter, pump, pressure regulator, control valve, and piping. Hydraulic systems are used widely in industrial machinery, mobile equipment, automobiles, marine vessels, and aerospace applications due to their ability to produce consistent power output. Directional control valves are used to control fluid flow and actuator motion in hydraulic circuits. Common types include poppet and spool valves in 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way configurations actuated manually or automatically.
Hydraulics today has become a way of life as most applications have some form of system ingrained. This paper is an endevor to present the very basics of hydraulics and overcome its basic fear.
application of Direction control valve in automatic transmissionZIYAD AMBALANGADAN
This document discusses directional control valves and their application in automatic transmissions. It begins by defining directional control valves as valves used to control the direction of fluid flow in hydraulic circuits. It then classifies valves based on their construction, number of ports, switching positions, and actuation mechanism. Examples of poppet and spool valves are described. Applications of directional control valves in automatic transmissions include using them to direct fluid flow to engage or disengage clutches based on vehicle speed. In conclusion, directional control valves are used to distribute hydraulic energy and control the start, stop, and direction of pressurized fluid flow.
Directional control valves are used to control the direction of fluid flow in hydraulic circuits. They contain ports for fluid to enter and exit, and can be classified based on their construction, number of working ports, switching positions, and actuation mechanism. Common types include poppet valves and spool valves. Directional control valves find application in automatic transmissions, where they control fluid flow to engage and disengage clutches or change gear ratios based on vehicle speed. Proper selection and application of directional control valves is important for efficiently distributing hydraulic power in automotive and industrial systems.
The document summarizes the key differences between hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It defines that pneumatic systems use compressed air or gas as the working medium, while hydraulic systems use liquids. Pneumatic systems typically operate at higher speeds but are lighter weight, while hydraulic systems can produce greater forces but operate more slowly. Some key applications of both systems include clamping, shifting, positioning, and feeding. The document also outlines Pascal's law and other relevant scientific principles, and provides comparisons of advantages between hydraulic and pneumatic technologies.
Introduction to hydraulics and pneumatic by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
This file contains basic information about hydraulics and pneumatic systems.
Hydraulic cylinders are linear actuators that convert hydraulic pressure into mechanical force and motion. There are several types of cylinders including single-acting, double-acting, and telescopic cylinders. Single-acting cylinders produce force in one direction only, while double-acting cylinders can produce force in both extension and retraction using ports on both sides of the piston. Telescopic cylinders extend in stages to provide a long stroke length and short retracted length. Cushioning devices are often used on cylinders to control the rate of deceleration and prevent shock at the end of the piston stroke.
This document provides information about hydraulic control valves. It discusses various types of control valves like pressure regulating valves, relief valves, poppet valves, piston valves, pilot operated valves, directional control valves, flow control valves, check valves and makeup valves. It describes the construction, working, symbols and applications of these valves. It also talks about hydraulic circuit connections like tandem, series and parallel and uses of restrictions like orifices and chokes in hydraulic systems.
The document discusses the fundamentals of hydraulic systems. It defines hydraulics as the study of liquids in motion and at rest and how they are used to transmit power through liquids. Key points include:
- Hydraulic systems use liquids to multiply forces and torques without needing gears or levers, allowing high forces over long distances.
- Pascal's law describes how pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout a confined liquid.
- Hydraulic fluids are used to transfer energy while lubricating components and remaining functional over a wide temperature range.
- Common applications include heavy machinery, manufacturing equipment, vehicles, ships and aerospace systems.
Hydraulic valves control the direction and flow of hydraulic fluid in a circuit. There are three main types: directional control valves, which control the direction of fluid flow; flow control valves, which regulate fluid flow; and pressure control valves, which control pressure in different parts of the circuit. Directional control valves specifically are used to direct fluid to outlet ports and can be classified by their internal element, number of ports, positions, actuation method, and center position flow pattern. Common types include check valves, pilot-operated check valves, and multi-port directional valves.
This document provides an overview of applications of fluid hydraulics including: hydraulic brake systems which use fluid pressure to slow vehicles; hydraulic elevators which use fluid pressure to raise elevator cars; hydraulic shock absorbers which absorb energy using fluid flow through pistons; hydraulic rams which use falling water to power fluid flow and lift water; hydraulic cranes which use fluid pressure to lift heavy loads; and hydraulic presses which use fluid pressure in cylinders to compress materials. The document also discusses advantages of hydraulics including high power and safety, and disadvantages such as potential leaks and temperature sensitivity.
Lupin is the 4th largest pharmaceutical company in India. It has a presence in over 70 countries and is the largest generic drug maker in the US and Japan. Lupin produces generics, branded drugs, and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It has a strong focus on research and development. Key therapeutic areas include anti-TB drugs, cardiovascular drugs, and drugs for respiratory diseases. Lupin has several manufacturing facilities in India approved by regulatory bodies like the US FDA. It aims to become a global leader through innovation, partnerships, and expansion into new markets.
This document is the thesis of Dirk Kremers titled "Local, Foreign and Global Consumer Culture Positioning: Strategy choices in Dutch television advertising." It investigates the use of culture-specific elements and consumer culture positioning strategies in Dutch TV ads. The thesis reviews literature on the country-of-origin effect and frameworks for analyzing consumer culture positioning indicators and strategies. It then proposes a new methodology using 10 markers to identify local, foreign, or global consumer culture positioning strategies in ads. The study analyzes 338 Dutch TV ads to understand the use of these phenomena and the influence of product category and brand origin.
Industrial Control Systems - Hydraulic SystemsBehzad Samadi
1) The document discusses hydraulic analogies to electrical systems such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and more. Hydraulic variables like pressure and flow correspond to electrical variables like voltage and current.
2) Components like storage tanks, long pipes, valves, and orifices are described as analogous to electrical capacitors, inductors, diodes, and resistors. Mathematical models of these components are presented.
3) Control systems using hydraulic components like proportional, integral, and derivative controllers are modeled mathematically.
06 hydraulic workover unit trisakti 25 nov 2007yudi05
This document discusses hydraulic workover units (HWO units) used for well maintenance. It provides information on:
- What an HWO unit is and its history of development since 1929
- The uses of HWO units, which include pulling/running completions, fishing, cementing, and more
- The types of HWO units - short stroke and long stroke
- Specifications for short stroke and long stroke units including maximum lift/snubbing forces, stroke length, and torque ratings
- Benefits of using HWO units such as versatility of use onshore/offshore, ease of transportation, ability to pull and push, and reduced costs
- Components of an HWO unit including j
Regular maintenance and servicing of drilling rigs through cleaning, inspection of components, ensuring proper hydraulic pressures and lubrication is important to extend the life of the rigs and protect safety. Key parts should be inspected and readings taken regularly while any abnormal noises or issues addressed promptly by referring to owner's manuals. Proper maintenance of orderly and clean rigs allows for quick detection of potential problems or damages.
رضا مصطفوی طباطبایی Reza Mostafavi Tabatabaei, HWO, Hydraulic Work over SolutionReza Mostafavi Tabatabaei
Hydraulic workover (HWO) involves running and pulling tubulars into wells under pressure using a hydraulic workover unit. HWO has been used since the 1920s and offers benefits like keeping wells producing during work by avoiding killing the well. A HWO unit consists of a work basket, hydraulic jack, slips, rotary table, and other components to move tubulars into the well while maintaining well control. HWO can be used for various applications like routine or emergency well work as a cost-effective alternative to wireline or coiled tubing.
رضا مصطفوی طباطبایی WELL SERVICE EQUIPMENT MECHANICAL TECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2015Reza Mostafavi Tabatabaei
The document describes equipment for well abandonment operations, including a dual level work platform system that can accommodate various service equipment like casing jacks, trolley systems, power swivels, saws, and tongs. It provides details on specific components of the system like the PS120 swivel, power tong adapter, saw adapter, casing jacks, and more. The purpose of the system is to provide an integrated solution for well abandonment tasks like removing grouted casing, cutting casing, and handling tubulars.
The CEEM AHWUs (HWO), 460K, 235K, are designed to be rigged up as a stand-alone unit. It is to be used for the work over the existing wells Offshore and Land based. The rig is designed to complete all work-over functions completed by a conventional rig with the additional capability of working with pressure in snubbing and under-balanced situations.
Visit our website: www.ceemfze.ae for more information
One factor that has bolstered China’s influence in the global energy market is its emergence as a major player in manufacturing and exporting low-cost, high quality drilling equipment.
This document provides an introduction to hydraulic workover and snubbing solutions. It discusses the history of hydraulic workover which has been used since the 1920s. It defines snubbing as running and pulling tubulars with surface pressure present. Engineering calculations are required for hydraulic workover applications to determine the required snubbing force and hydraulic pressure based on factors like well pressure, tubular size, and length. Proper procedures must be followed when running tubulars between blowout preventer rams.
This document provides information on various hydraulic circuits used in industrial machinery. It begins with descriptions of basic hydraulic circuits and components. It then discusses more complex industrial circuits for applications like unloading systems to save energy, sequencing cylinders, and regenerative cylinder circuits. It also covers power losses in hydraulic components and methods to reduce losses, such as improving pump efficiency and minimizing pressure drops.
This lesson discusses hydraulic reservoirs, filters, pumps, accumulators, and motors. Reservoirs store hydraulic fluid and minimize contamination. Filters remove contaminants from the fluid. Pumps convert mechanical energy to hydraulic energy and are either hand-operated or powered. Common powered pumps are constant delivery piston pumps and variable delivery piston or vane pumps. Accumulators store hydraulic energy as compressed gas. Motors convert hydraulic pressure to mechanical rotation.
The document provides an overview of the process for designing a hydraulic system. It discusses selecting components based on specifications like load weight and travel distance. This includes choosing a cylinder size based on pressure and flow calculations, selecting a pump based on the cylinder's flow needs, and sizing an electric motor to power the pump. Reservoir size, valves, tubing size, and wall thickness are also addressed based on the circuit's requirements.
This document provides an overview of basic hydraulic circuits. It describes how hydraulic systems are divided into a signal control section and a hydraulic power section. The power section includes a pump, valves to control fluid flow and pressure, and hydraulic cylinders or motors. Simple circuits are shown including a pump, directional control valve, cylinder, and pressure relief valve. The interactions of these components in a basic circuit are illustrated through animations. Additional diagrams demonstrate uses of filters, contamination indicators, and pressure relief valves, including how a brake valve is used to prevent pressure spikes when a directional control valve closes suddenly.
This document provides an overview of hydraulics, including comparisons to other systems like pneumatics and electronics, basic hydraulic principles regarding force and pressure, and descriptions of key hydraulic components such as cylinders, valves, pumps, and control systems. It also includes diagrams of common hydraulic symbols.
This document discusses different types of hydraulic pressure control valves. It describes pressure relief valves, pilot operated relief valves, sequence control valves, and other types. Pressure relief valves limit pressure by diverting fluid to the reservoir when pressure reaches a set point. Pilot operated relief valves use a piston or spool controlled by a pilot valve. Sequence valves provide flow to a second actuator after the first reaches a threshold pressure. The document also provides examples of applications for different valve types.
Babic components of hydraulic & pneumatic systemswakurets_21
The document discusses the basic components and applications of hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It describes the main types of hydraulic and pneumatic actuators including linear actuators like cylinders, and rotary actuators like motors. It also explains the different types of valves used in hydraulic and pneumatic circuits including directional control valves, flow control valves, and pressure control valves. The purpose and basic operation of common valve types are provided like poppet valves, spool valves, needle valves, check valves, and relief valves.
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
This document provides an overview of pneumatics training. It begins by defining pneumatics as movement by compressed air and describes some common applications in everyday life. It then discusses the history of pneumatics, focusing on Otto von Guericke's experiments with compressed air in the 17th century. The document proceeds to cover pneumatic principles such as pressure, flow rate, and Boyle's law. It provides details on typical pneumatic system components like compressors, cylinders, valves, and applications in automation. Electro-pneumatic systems are also introduced. Exercises in drawing pneumatic circuits are included throughout.
This document discusses hydraulic circuits used in hydro power plants. It describes how changing the flow through movable guide vanes can increase or decrease the megawatts generated by adjusting the vane angle. This is achieved using a hydraulic circuit called a speed governor. The document then summarizes the main components of hydraulic circuits including valves, pumps, filters, accumulators, actuators, accessories and connecting pipes. It provides examples of different hydraulic valve types including directional control valves, pressure control valves and flow control valves.
Hydraulic pump and motor by hamza nawazHamza Nawaz
This document discusses hydraulic pumps and motors. It defines fluid machines and classifies them as positive displacement or dynamic, and as turbines/motors or pumps/blowers based on direction of energy conversion. Common types of hydraulic pumps include plunger pumps, axial piston pumps, and peristaltic pumps. Examples of hydraulic motors provided are radial piston motors, vane motors, and gear motors. Formulas for evaluating hydraulic pumps and motors' flow, power, mechanical efficiency, and hydraulic efficiency are also presented. Applications mentioned include various industries like manufacturing, mining, construction, and transportation.
1. The document discusses the components and functions of a light aircraft hydraulic system, including an engine-driven pump, accumulator, unloading valve, selector valves, pressure relief valves, and filter.
2. An advanced hydraulic system contains more components than a basic system and is used in aircraft to power functions that require higher power and efficiency.
3. The key components and their functions are described: the pump provides pressure and flow, the accumulator stores hydraulic pressure, the unloading valve relieves pressure when not needed, and filters remove small particles from the fluid to protect components.
This document provides an overview of aircraft hydraulic systems. It discusses how hydraulic pumps convert mechanical power to hydraulic power, which is then used by actuating cylinders to provide mechanical actuation. The key components of hydraulic systems include reservoirs, filters, pumps, accumulators, relief valves, pressure regulators, and actuating cylinders. Hydraulic power allows for strong, responsive actuation and is well-suited for aircraft applications due to advantages like weight and reliability. Pressure regulated power systems are also summarized, which use a pressure regulator to control system pressure.
The document discusses various topics related to pumps, including:
1. Types of rotary pumps like centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, along with their basic operation and characteristics.
2. Key aspects of pump performance like flow rate, head pressure, horsepower requirements, and efficiency. Affinity laws relating changes in speed and impeller size to performance are also covered.
3. Common problems with pumps like low flow, low pressure, excessive power usage, noise, and seal leakage. Potential causes and troubleshooting approaches are provided.
4. Maintenance considerations like inspecting wear parts and monitoring operational parameters are emphasized to prevent problems and improve pump reliability.
This document provides information on hydraulic pumps and actuators. It begins with definitions of hydraulic pumps and how they work to convert mechanical power into hydraulic energy. It then discusses various types of pumps including centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps, gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps and provides details on their designs and applications. The document also covers hydraulic actuators including cylinders and motors. It concludes with sections on pump selection, control components like directional control valves and their various designs.
This document describes a hydraulic control system and its components. It discusses how hydraulic systems work using Pascal's law and fluid power. The key components of a hydraulic system are described as the prime mover, pump, control valves, actuators, fluid, filters and protective devices. Examples are provided of different types of pumps, control valves, actuators and applications of hydraulic systems in industries like manufacturing and construction.
Hydraulics uses pressurized fluids to transmit and control force in a system. It operates based on Pascal's law where pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout an enclosed fluid. A basic hydraulic system includes a pump, reservoir, filter, control valve, actuator and return line. Hydraulics is commonly used in heavy equipment, manufacturing and aircraft due to its ability to produce high pressures and precisely control movements. Common components include gear pumps, cylinders, directional control valves and accumulators. Hydraulic systems are visualized through circuit diagrams and simulations.
The document outlines objectives for understanding fundamental hydraulic principles, reading hydraulic diagrams, and operating hydraulic systems safely and reliably. It discusses advantages like automatic lubrication and precise motion control. It explains Pascal's law of fluid pressure transmission and fundamental principles like flow determining speed. It provides an overview of key hydraulic components like reservoirs, filters, pumps, valves, actuators and their functions. It also covers important concepts like cleanliness levels, contamination sources, and best practices for fluid handling and storage to prevent system contamination.
Hydraulics is the area of engineering that deals with liquid flow and pressure. There are two types of hydraulic systems: hydrostatic systems, where there is no fluid flow; and hydrodynamic systems, where fluid is flowing. In hydrostatic systems, Pascal's law states that pressure is transmitted equally throughout the confined fluid. In hydrodynamic systems, pressure drops along the length of hydraulic lines. Hydraulic systems use hydraulic fluids to transmit force via pressure and flow through components like pumps, valves, actuators and reservoirs to perform work.
This document consists of information regarding the concepts of a complete Pneumatic System and its different elements which are:-
a. Pneumatic Power Generating Elements - Pumps & Air Compressors
b. Pneumatic Power Controlling Elements - Valves
c. Pneumatic Power Utilising Elements - Cylinders
d. Pneumatic Power Conveying Elements - Hoses, Pipes, and Fittings
e. Pneumatic Accessories - Air Receiver Tank, Air Dryer, and FRL unit
with proper working and diagrams which also includes the Pneumatic circuit diagram used in industries.
This document describes an emergency braking system that uses pneumatic components. The system includes a pneumatic cylinder, emergency button, solenoid valve, and flow control valve. When the emergency button is pressed, it activates the solenoid valve allowing compressed air to pass through and push the pneumatic cylinder, applying the brakes. A flow control valve is used to control the braking speed. The document discusses the key pneumatic components used in the system like single-acting and double-acting cylinders, solenoid valves, and their working mechanisms. It also mentions some merits like lower cost and reduced skill needs, and demerits like requiring a separate air tank.
Hydraulic Pumps, Motors and Actuators:
Construction, working principle and operation of rotary & reciprocating pumps like Gear, Vane, Generated-Rotor, Screw, Axial Piston, Radial Piston, Pump characteristics, Linear and Rotary Actuators, Hydrostatic Transmission Systems. Selection of components for applications
The document provides an overview of hydraulic systems, including:
1. It defines a hydraulic system as using pressurized fluid to perform work based on Pascal's Law of uniform pressure transmission.
2. It explains key hydraulic components like pumps, motors, valves and cylinders used to control flow and pressure.
3. It outlines the basics of open and closed loop systems and some common hydraulic symbols.
4. It identifies potential hazards like heat, flammability and high pressure failures that require safety precautions when working with hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic Jack is a device that uses force to lift heavy loads. The primary
mechanism with which force is applied varies, depending on the specific type of
jack, but is typically a screw thread or a hydraulic cylinder. Jacks can be
categorized based on the type of force they employ: mechanical or hydraulic.
Mechanical jacks, such as car jacks and house jacks, lift heavy equipment and are
rated based on lifting capacity (for example, the number of tons they can lift).
Hydraulic jacks tend to be stronger and can lift heavier loads higher, and include
bottle jacks and floor jacks.
The document discusses different types of pumps used to transport liquids and gases. It describes pumps as mechanical devices that use pressure or suction to move fluids by forcing them in a specified direction. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps which deliver a fixed volume of fluid per cycle, and non-positive displacement pumps which do not control volume but can attain high pressures and flows. Examples of specific pump types discussed include centrifugal pumps, gear pumps, liquid ring pumps, screw pumps, piston pumps, and multistage centrifugal pumps. The document also addresses potential problems with pump operation like overloading or operating at excess speed.
The document defines and provides examples of a final control element. It then describes how final control elements work to translate a low-energy control signal into a physical action that controls a process variable. Specifically, it discusses how different types of actuators (electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic) receive an input control signal and use it to manipulate a final control element like a control valve or heater to impact temperature, flow, pressure, or other process variables. Finally, it focuses on diaphragm control valves as a commonly used final control element, describing their main parts and operating principles.
Consists of the basic concepts of a Hydraulic System used in industries along with the working of its elements used with well-labeled diagrams and also it has information about the Hydraulic Power Pack and its circuit diagram.
This document provides information about programming and operating an Allen Bradley Powerflex 4M 400W adjustable frequency AC drive. It includes sections about wiring the drive, I/O wiring examples, and parameter organization. The parameter organization section describes numerous drive parameters including output frequency, commanded frequency, output current, drive status, and others. It also separates parameters into categories for display, program, and terminal parameters.
Unlock full featured course with 250+ Video Lectures at 20% Discount for "Learn 5 PLC's in a Day" lifetime E-Learning course for 39 USD only: https://www.udemy.com/nfi-plc-online-leaning/?couponCode=slideshare2016
Enroll for Advanced Industrial Automation Training with PLC, HMI and Drive Combo with 300+ Video Lecture for 69.3 USD only: http://online.nfiautomation.org/catalog/1769?couponCode=LEARNING_MADE_EASY
This document discusses PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control and feedback control systems. It describes how feedback loops work using a microphone and speaker system as an example. It then discusses different types of PID controllers including those with relay, current, and voltage outputs. The document outlines various control modes like on-off control, manual control, basic PID control, and ramp/soak control. It also mentions PID alarms. The goal is to control systems using feedback to achieve the desired output.
Unlock full featured course with 250+ Video Lectures at 20% Discount for "Learn 5 PLC's in a Day" lifetime E-Learning course for 39 USD only: https://www.udemy.com/nfi-plc-online-leaning/?couponCode=slideshare2016
Enroll for Advanced Industrial Automation Training with PLC, HMI and Drive Combo with 300+ Video Lecture for 69.3 USD only: http://online.nfiautomation.org/catalog/1769?couponCode=LEARNING_MADE_EASY
Google Plus: https://plus.google.com/+RajvirSinghNFIAutomation
E-mail: nfiautomation@gmail.com
Unlock full featured course with 250+ Video Lectures at 20% Discount for "Learn 5 PLC's in a Day" lifetime E-Learning course for 39 USD only: https://www.udemy.com/nfi-plc-online-leaning/?couponCode=slideshare2016
Enroll for Advanced Industrial Automation Training with PLC, HMI and Drive Combo with 300+ Video Lecture for 69.3 USD only: http://online.nfiautomation.org/catalog/1769?couponCode=LEARNING_MADE_EASY
This presentation is specially for freshers and students who are seeking the best ways of making resume.
It also contains:
- the 5 Mostly Questions asked in the interview.
- 5 Questions a candidate must asked in his/her Interview
- Myths of Interviews
-Do's & Don't of Interview
More from NFI - Industrial Automation Training Academy (6)
Mail Server Configuration Using App passwords in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, we can securely configure an email server to send and receive emails within the application. This is useful for features like sending quotations, invoices, and notifications via email. If our email service provider (e.g., Gmail, Outlook) supports app passwords, we can use them to authenticate our Odoo instance with the email server.
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre-marketSikandar Ali
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre Market
When you need to promote a cryptocurrency like Hamster Kombat Coin earlier than it officially hits the market, you want to connect to ability shoppers in locations wherein early trading occurs. Here’s how you can do it:
Make a message that explains why Hamster Kombat Coin is extremely good and why people have to spend money on it. Talk approximately its cool functions, the network in the back of it, or its destiny plans.
Search for cryptocurrency boards, social media groups (like Discord or Telegram), or special pre-market buying and selling structures wherein new crypto cash are traded. You can search for forums or companies that focus on new or lesser-acknowledged coins.
Join the Right Communities: If you are no longer already a member, be a part of those groups. Be active, share helpful statistics, and display which you recognize your stuff.
Post Your Offer: Once you experience comfortable and feature come to be a acquainted face, put up your offer to sell Hamster Kombat Coin. Be honest about how plenty you have got and the price you need.
Be short to reply to any questions capability customers may have. They may need to realize how the coin works, its destiny capability, or technical details. Make positive you have got the answers equipped.
Talk without delay with involved customers to agree on a charge and finalize the sale. Make sure both facets apprehend how the coins and money could be exchanged.
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre Market
Once everything is settled, move beforehand with the transaction as deliberate. You might switch the cash immediately or use a provider to assist.
Stay in Touch: After the sale, check in with the customer to ensure they were given the coins. If viable, leave feedback in the network to expose you’re truthful.
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre Market
When you need to promote a cryptocurrency like Hamster Kombat Coin earlier than it officially hits the market, you want to connect to ability shoppers in locations wherein early trading occurs. Here’s how you can do it:
Make a message that explains why Hamster Kombat Coin is extremely good and why people have to spend money on it. Talk approximately its cool functions, the network in the back of it, or its destiny plans.
Search for cryptocurrency boards, social media groups (like Discord or Telegram), or special pre-market buying and selling structures wherein new crypto cash are traded. You can search for forums or companies that focus on new or lesser-acknowledged coins.
Join the Right Communities: If you are no longer already a member, be a part of those groups. Be active, share helpful statistics, and display which you recognize your stuff.
Post Your Offer: Once you experience comfortable and feature come to be a acquainted face, put up your offer to sell Hamster Kombat Coin. Be honest about how plenty you have got and the price you need.
Hamster kombat free money Withdraw Easy free $500 mo
How to Empty a One2Many Field in Odoo 17Celine George
This slide discusses how to delete or clear records in an Odoo 17 one2many field. We'll achieve this by adding a button named "Delete Records." Clicking this button will delete all associated one2many records.
Benchmarking Sustainability: Neurosciences and AI Tech Research in Macau - Ke...Alvaro Barbosa
In this talk we will review recent research work carried out at the University of Saint Joseph and its partners in Macao. The focus of this research is in application of Artificial Intelligence and neuro sensing technology in the development of new ways to engage with brands and consumers from a business and design perspective. In addition we will review how these technologies impact resilience and how the University benchmarks these results against global standards in Sustainable Development.
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : VIEW
Sub-Topic :
View Definition, Advantages and disadvantages, View Creation Syntax, View creation based on single table, view creation based on multiple table, Deleting View and View the definition of view
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
Previous Slides Link:
1. Data Integrity, Index, TAble Creation and maintenance https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lecture_notes_unit4_chapter_8_9_10_rdbms-for-the-students-affiliated-by-alagappa-university/270123800
2. Sequences : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/sequnces-lecture_notes_unit4_chapter11_sequence/270134792
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
APM event held on 9 July in Bristol.
Speaker: Roy Millard
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome back to Bristol Roy Millard, of APM’s Assurance Interest Group on 9 July 2024, to talk about project reviews and hopefully answer all your questions.
Roy outlined his extensive career and his experience in setting up the APM’s Assurance Specific Interest Group, as they were known then.
Using Mentimeter, he asked a number of questions of the audience about their experience of project reviews and what they wanted to know.
Roy discussed what a project review was and examined a number of definitions, including APM’s Bok: “Project reviews take place throughout the project life cycle to check the likely or actual achievement of the objectives specified in the project management plan”
Why do we do project reviews? Different stakeholders will have different views about this, but usually it is about providing confidence that the project will deliver the expected outputs and benefits, that it is under control.
There are many types of project reviews, including peer reviews, internal audit, National Audit Office, IPA, etc.
Roy discussed the principles behind the Three Lines of Defence Model:, First line looks at management controls, policies, procedures, Second line at compliance, such as Gate reviews, QA, to check that controls are being followed, and third Line is independent external reviews for the organisations Board, such as Internal Audit or NAO audit.
Factors which affect project reviews include the scope, level of independence, customer of the review, team composition and time.
Project Audits are a special type of project review. They are generally more independent, formal with clear processes and audit trails, with a greater emphasis on compliance. Project reviews are generally more flexible and informal, but should be evidence based and have some level of independence.
Roy looked at 2 examples of where reviews went wrong, London Underground Sub-Surface Upgrade signalling contract, and London’s Garden Bridge. The former had poor 3 lines of defence, no internal audit and weak procurement skills, the latter was a Boris Johnson vanity project with no proper governance due to Johnson’s pressure and interference.
Roy discussed the principles of assurance reviews from APM’s Guide to Integrated Assurance (Free to Members), which include: independence, accountability, risk based, and impact, etc
Human factors are important in project reviews. The skills and knowledge of the review team, building trust with the project team to avoid defensiveness, body language, and team dynamics, which can only be assessed face to face, active listening, flexibility and objectively.
Click here for further content: https://www.apm.org.uk/news/a-beginner-s-guide-to-project-reviews-everything-you-wanted-to-know-but-were-too-afraid-to-ask/
Postal Advocate manages the mailing and shipping spends for some of the largest organizations in North America. At this session, we discussed the USPS® July 2024 rate change. Postal Advocate shared all the important information you need to know for this coming rate change that goes into effect on Sunday, July 14, 2024.
We Covered:
-What rates are changing
-How this impacts you
-What you need to do
-Savings tips
How to Manage Access Rights & User Types in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, who have access to the database they are called users. There are different types of users in odoo and they have different accesses into the database. Access rights are permissions that can be set for the individual or group of users. This slide will show How to Manage Access Rights & User Types in Odoo 17.
How to Add a Filter in the Odoo 17 - Odoo 17 SlidesCeline George
In this slide, we will learn how to add filters in Odoo 17. Filters are a powerful tool that allows us to narrow down our search results and find the specific information we need. We will go over on how to create custom filters. By the end of this slide, we will be able to easily filter our data in Odoo 17.
Codeavour 5.0 International Impact Report - The Biggest International AI, Cod...Codeavour International
Unlocking potential across borders! 🌍✨ Discover the transformative journey of Codeavour 5.0 International, where young innovators from over 60 countries converged to pioneer solutions in AI, Coding, Robotics, and AR-VR. Through hands-on learning and mentorship, 57 teams emerged victorious, showcasing projects aligned with UN SDGs. 🚀
Codeavour 5.0 International empowered students from 800 schools worldwide to tackle pressing global challenges, from bustling cities to remote villages. With participation exceeding 5,000 students, this year's competition fostered creativity and critical thinking among the next generation of changemakers. Projects ranged from AI-driven healthcare innovations to sustainable agriculture solutions, each addressing local and global issues with technological prowess.
The journey began with a collective vision to harness technology for social good, as students collaborated across continents, guided by mentors and educators dedicated to nurturing their potential. Witnessing the impact firsthand, teams hailing from diverse backgrounds united to code for a better future, demonstrating the power of innovation in driving positive change.
As Codeavour continues to expand its global footprint, it not only celebrates technological innovation but also cultivates a spirit of collaboration and compassion. These young minds are not just coding; they are reshaping our world with creativity and resilience, laying the groundwork for a sustainable and inclusive future. Together, they inspire us to believe in the limitless possibilities of innovation and the profound impact of young voices united by a common goal.
Read the full impact report to learn more about the Codeavour 5.0 International.
7. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
MOVING THE SMALL PISTON
10 Cm DISPLACES
1 Cm2 x 10 Cm = 10 Cm3 OF LIQUID
10 Cm
100 kg
10 Cm2
1Cm2
1 Cm
Q=Axh
10
kg
10 Cm OF LIQUID WILL
MOVE LARGER PISTON
ONLY 1Cm.
10 Cm2 x 1 Cm = 10 Cm3
WORK DONE = FORCE x DISTANCE MOVED
W=Fxd
W=Fxd
W=Fxd
= 10 Kg x 10 Cm
= 100 Kg x 1 Cm
= 100 Kg-Cm
= 100 Kg-Cm
ENERGY CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED.
WHAT IS GAINED BY FORCE IS SACRIFICED IN THE
DISTANCE MOVED.
8. www.nfiautomation.org
Typical Units of Pressure
The SI unit for pressure is the Pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per
square meter (N/m2 or kg·m−1·s−2).
1 Bar = 14.69 psi = 100 kilo pascal
17. www.nfiautomation.org
Example: Motor Reversing System
b. Motor-Reversing System. A power-driven pump operating a reversible rotary motor. A
reversing valve directs fluid to either side of the motor and back to the reservoir. A relief valve
protects the system against excess pressure and can bypass pump output to the reservoir, if
pressure rises too high.
21. www.nfiautomation.org
Hydraulic Pumps
Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy from a prime mover (engine or electric
motor) into hydraulic (pressure) energy. The pressure energy is used then to operate an
actuator. Pumps push on a hydraulic fluid and create flow.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Single Stage Centrifugal Pump
Lobe Pump
Internal/External Gear Pump
Axial Piston Pump
24. Pump
www.nfiautomation.org
Converts mechanical energy into Hydraulic energy
1. External Gear Pump
For constant flow/pressure application
4000 psi = 275 bar
Low Cost & Dirt Tolerance
Used to charged pump to pressurize
the lnlet of vane & axial pump
28. www.nfiautomation.org
Pump Ratings
Typical factors determining nature of Pumps
Displaced Volume or Displacement = Q (l /min) or (l/rev)
Nominal Speed = in rpm
Maximum Pressure = in Bar or psi
Tank Capacity = in litres
Maximum Flow = l/min or l/sec
Fixed Type
Variable Type
29. www.nfiautomation.org
Comparing Pumps
Typical factors determining nature of Pumps
Parameter
Piston/ Axial
Pump
Vane Pump
Gear Pump
Pressure
10000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
Power Density
Highest
medium
Lowest
Efficiency
Highest
medium
Lowest
Dirt Tolerance
Lowest
medium
Highest
Noise & Vibration
Moderate
behaviour
Quietest &
vibration free
Noisy & high
vibration
Size & weight
Very Heavy
Heavy
Lightest
Life Expectancy
Long life &
repairable
Long life &
repairable
Short life
42. www.nfiautomation.org
Hydraulic Actuation System
Actuators – Hydraulic Cylinders
Used to produce linear motion
Double Acting Double Rod Cylinder
Double-Acting Double-Rod Cylinder
A double ended piston rod makes a cylinder stronger against side
load, as it has two bearings at the widest distance possible. This type
of cylinder is often mounted with rods fixed and the cylinder itself
moving to displace a part.
44. www.nfiautomation.org
Piston Force
Dependent on the air pressure, the cylinder diameter, and the frictional
resistance of the sealing components.
Single Acting Cyl.
Fn = A. p – (FR+FF)
Double Acting Cyl.
Fn = A. p – FR
Fth = A . p
Fth
=
A
=
p
=
Fn
=
FR
=
Theoretical piston force in N.
Useful piston area in cm².
Operation pressure in kPa.
Effective piston force in Newton
(N)
frictional force (3-20%) in Newton (N)
47. www.nfiautomation.org
Hydraulic Actuation System
Pres sure Re lief Valve
Pressure Relief Valve
Simple, direct-acting relief valve has no
adjusting screw and therefore opens at
a fixed, pre-set pressure as controlled
by setting of compression spring.
Adjustable, direct-acting relief valve blocks
flow through the valve until force of system
pressure on the poppet overcomes the
adjustable spring force and downstream
pressure.
52. www.nfiautomation.org
Valves – Directional Control Valves (DCV)
1. Allowing the passage of fluid and directing it to particular
lines
2. Canceling fluid as required by blocking their passage and
/ or
3. Relieving the fluid back to reservoir
57. www.nfiautomation.org
Flow Control Valves: Check Valve
The check valve allows oil flow in one direction and blocks it
in the opposite direction.
Check Valve
Spring Loaded
Check Valve
Pilot to Open
Check Valve
Pilot to Close
Check Valve
59. www.nfiautomation.org
2/2– Directional Control Valves (DCV)
er w ith Spring Return
2/2 Spring return
Valve with Lever
2/2 Spring return
Valve with Lever
Detent
2/2 Pilot Operated
Valve
63. www.nfiautomation.org
Hydraulics Exercises
1) Draw a hydraulic circuit to actuate two Single Acting Spring Return
cylinder with one 3/2 Valve
2) Draw a hydraulic circuit to actuate Double acting Cylinder with 4/2 Valve
?
?
67. www.nfiautomation.org
Hydraulics Exercises
1) Draw an Electro- pneumatic circuit to actuate Single acting cylinder with
3/2 solenoid valve actuated by Toggle switch
2) Draw a pneumatic circuit to actuate & latch Double acting Cylinder with
4/3 Spring return Solenoid Valve
4/3-Way NC - Double Electrical Control
S1
?
S2
70. 100+ Video Tutorials
Coupon Code
in $99 $49
https://www.udemy.com/nfi-plc-online-leaning/?couponCode=slideshare
Life time Access
Course Outline
Learn to Code | Code to Learn
nfi Learn 4 PLC’s in a Day
presents
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
Delta DVP 14 SS + 16 SP
• 100+ PLC Video Tutorials
Allen Bradley M1000
• Doubt Clearing Complementary LIVE Sessions on Team Viewer
Siemens S7 200
• Ladder Logic Programming
Schneider
• PLC Presentations, PLC Circuits, PLC Codes
Analog Cards Programming
• FREE PLC Simulation Software for Practice
04 AD – Analog to Digital
04DA- Digital to Analog
For more courses visit www.nfiautomation.org
71. PLC & VFD Advanced
Course
4 PLC’s Training
Platforms
$149
Course Link:
Course Highlights: http://www.wiziq.com/course/28882-plc-andac-drives-online-certificate-trainaing-course
• 30 Live Practical Classes on PLC, Analog Cards & AC drives- VFD
• 100+ PLC Video Tutorials with Lifetime Access & FREE PLC Simulator
• FREE Circuits Diagram
For more courses visit www.nfiautomation.org