A Flower is :
Highly modified form of shoot
Have reproductive characteristic
With floral leaves
Calyx, Corolla collectively called Perianth and Androecium ,Gynoecium
These are arranged at Thalamus
The document discusses the reproductive parts of flowers and structures of seeds. It defines a flower as the seed-bearing part of a plant consisting of reproductive organs surrounded by petals and sepals. The androecium is the male part consisting of stamens with filaments and anthers. The gynoecium is the female part consisting of carpels with ovaries, styles and stigmas. Seeds are the units of reproduction and can be monocotyledonous with one cotyledon or dicotyledonous with two cotyledons.
Flowers have distinct structures that allow for reproduction. A flower consists of a pedicel, bracts, receptacle, perianth, hypanthium, nectaries, androecium, and gynoecium. The androecium refers to the male organs or stamens, while the gynoecium refers to the female organs or carpels. Flowers can be complete or incomplete, perfect or imperfect, and plant sex can be hermaphroditic, monoecious, or dioecious.
The document discusses flower anatomy. It begins by stating that flowering plants are important for agriculture as major food crops like wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans are flowering plants. It then describes the parts of flowers including the male stamen and female pistil. Flowers can be perfect or imperfect, complete or incomplete. Plants can be monoecious or dioecious. Monocots and dicots differ in their flower structures. Flowers may be solitary or occur in inflorescences, which can take forms like spikes, racemes, panicles and more.
This document discusses different types of inflorescences (flower arrangements) in plants. It begins by defining the technical term "inflorescence" as a cluster of flowers. There are two main types of inflorescences: racemose and cymose. Racemose inflorescences have an unlimited growth axis and acropetal flower arrangement, with examples given as raceme, spike, spadix, corymb, umbel and capitulum (head). Cymose inflorescences have a limited growth axis and basipetal flower arrangement, with examples of uniparous (monochasial), biparous and polychasial cymes. Specific plant examples are
The document discusses flowers and their morphology. It defines flowers and their essential parts including the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It describes how flowers can be classified based on their arrangement of floral parts, number of whorls, symmetry, presence of sexual organs, and more. The summary provides high-level information about the topic and structure of the document in 3 sentences:
The document defines flowers and their morphology, discussing their essential parts and how they can be classified based on characteristics like arrangement of parts, number of whorls, and presence of sexual organs. It provides details on the calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium
This document provides information about the structure and function of flowers. It describes how flowers are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. A typical flower has four main whorls - the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The calyx is the outermost whorl of sepals that enclose the flower bud. The corolla is inside the calyx and is made up of brightly colored petals that attract pollinators. The androecium is the male structure consisting of stamens that produce pollen. The gynoecium is the female structure containing carpels that form the ovary, style and stigma where fertilization occurs.
Flowers are the reproductive structures of flowering plants that mediate the union of male sperm and female ovum to produce seeds. They attract pollinators like insects, bats, and birds through traits like scent, color, and nectar guides to facilitate the transfer of pollen between flowers. A flower's form, including the arrangement of stamens and pistils, ensures pollen grains are transferred to the bodies of pollinators. Flowers are heterosporangiate, producing pollen and ovules as male and female spores in different organs within specialized floral structures.
This document provides definitions and descriptions of various plant anatomical and reproductive structures. It discusses the parts of a flower including the calyx, corolla, gynoecium, and androecium. It then describes the types of fusion and arrangements of these structures. The rest of the document covers topics like pollination types, fruit types, inflorescence types, and characteristics of pollen grains including composition, stratification, and exine sculpture.
The document discusses different types of flower structures including:
1. Corolla symmetry - sympetalous (connate petals) or polypetalous (separate petals)
2. Actinomorphic (radial symmetry) or zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry) flowers
3. Various perianth shapes like tubular, funnelform, salverform
4. Placentation types like marginal, axile, parietal attaching ovules in different patterns within the ovary.
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
This document defines and describes the typical parts of a flower including the pedicel, receptacle, sepal, calyx, petal, corolla, pistil, stamen, anther, filament, style, stigma and ovary. It also discusses the classification of flowers based on presence or absence of floral parts, size and shape of parts, symmetry, and position of the ovary. Complete flowers have all four parts - sepal, petal, stamen and pistil - while incomplete flowers lack one or more. Perfect flowers have both stamen and pistil, imperfect have only one.
The document discusses the morphology of flowering plants. It describes the root system as either taproot or fibrous, and the regions of the root including the root cap, region of elongation and region of maturation. Stems can be modified as tubers, bulbs, rhizomes or stolons for storage and support. Leaves originate from the stem and their venation and arrangement is described. Flowers make up the inflorescence and have four whorls - calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Their symmetry and arrangement on the thalamus is also detailed.
Choose your favorite Amaryllis color from 5 stunning varieties! Amaryllis flowers will serve as the focal point in your
centerpieces, with each sturdy stalk displaying multiple large blooms. Amaryllis are a classic winter holiday flower, yet
are grown year round, and look wonderful in tropical style arrangements! The best delivery date for Amaryllis is 4 days
before your event.
Here are the key points about vegetative reproduction:
- It involves the propagation of plants from vegetative plant parts like stems, leaves, roots etc without formation of seeds or spores.
- New individuals are formed without fusion of gametes.
- Common methods include runners/stolons (strawberry), suckers (potato), bulbs/corms/tubers (onion, ginger), cuttings (money plant).
- The new individuals formed are clones that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
- It allows for rapid multiplication of plants without reliance on seeds or flowers.
- Examples of plants reproducing vegetatively are potato (tubers), ginger (rhiz
A principal appendage of the stem
On branches of a plant
Arise from nodes
Bear lateral buds in their axils
Chief photosynthetic organ
Developed in acropetal succession
Exogenous in origin
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants that consist of four main parts - calyx, corolla, stamen, and pistil. The calyx is the collective term for sepals, the corolla for petals, and the pistil is composed of the ovary, style, and stigma. Flowers can be classified based on whether they have complete or incomplete floral parts and if they are perfect or imperfect. There are different types of inflorescences that describe how flowers cluster, such as umbels where flowers spread out from a common point, heads where florets crowd together, and catkins which are pendulous spikes bearing unisexual flowers.
This document provides information on floral formulas, diagrams, and three plant families: Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae. It describes the key vegetative and floral characteristics, economic importance, and floral formulas/diagrams for each family. Fabaceae examples include legumes and pulses. Solanaceae includes food crops like tomatoes and peppers. Liliaceae has ornamental flowers and medicinal plants like aloe. Overall, the document outlines the structural features used to classify and identify three economically significant angiosperm families.
The document describes the morphology and anatomy of flower parts, including the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It discusses the structures, shapes, fusion, and other characteristics of each floral whorl. Key parts include the sepals, petals, stamens, pistil, ovary, style, and stigma. The summary provides high-level information on the flower parts and their defining features.
Flowers are modified shoots specialized for sexual reproduction. A flower consists of a very short axis called the thalamus with condensed internodes. Floral organs including sepals, petals, stamens and carpels are arranged in whorls on the thalamus. Flowers can be bisexual with both male and female parts or unisexual with only male or female parts. They also vary in symmetry, with actinomorphic flowers being radially symmetrical and zygomorphic being bilaterally symmetrical. The arrangement of floral organs can be cyclic, spiral or both.
The document describes the structure and function of flower parts, including that flowers produce male and female gametes. Sepals protect the developing flower, petals attract insects for cross-pollination, the nectary produces nectar, the carpel contains ovules for female gamete production, and the stamen contains pollen grains with male gametes. Pollination is the transfer of pollen and can occur through insect-pollination, where insects carry pollen between flowers, or wind-pollination. Fertilization happens when pollen nuclei fuse with ovule nuclei.
Introduction to Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Flower, Structure of Flower, Male Reproductive Part of Flower (Stamens), Development of Anther walls, Anther Walls, Microsporangium (Pollen Sac)
The document discusses flowers, their structures and functions. It defines flowers as compressed shoots bearing floral leaves that are the reproductive structures of plants. The main external parts of a flower are described as sepals, petals, stamens and pistils. Variations in flower structures and types of inflorescences are covered. The development of pollen grains and ovules is summarized, as are the processes of pollination, fertilization and fruit/seed formation.
- The document is about angiosperms and provides information over 3 paragraphs.
- It defines angiosperms as flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruits and have flowers, fruits, and seeds. They make up the majority of plant species.
- It describes the basic structures of angiosperms including their root systems of taproots and fibrous roots, and shoot systems of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
- Key details are provided about the morphology and functions of roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive parts of flowers.
This document provides an overview of flower structure and terminology. It defines a flower and its key parts including the sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, and accessory structures. It describes flower symmetry, arrangements of parts, aestivation, dehiscence patterns, and more. Examples are given for different terms. The document concludes with an explanation of floral formulas and diagrams which concisely represent flower structures.
This document provides an overview of flower structure and terminology. It defines a flower and its key parts including the perianth (calyx and corolla), androecium (stamens), and gynoecium (carpels). It describes flower symmetry, arrangements of parts, aestivation, union and dehiscence of stamens, placentation, and characteristics of the ovary, style and stigma. Examples are given to illustrate different flower types, arrangements, and structures. The document provides botanical definitions and terminology for comprehensive description of flower morphology.
This document provides information on the structure and terminology related to flowers. It defines a flower and describes its key parts including the perianth (calyx and corolla), androecium (stamens), and gynoecium (carpels). It discusses characteristics such as symmetry, aestivation, union and dehiscence of floral parts. It also covers terminology used to describe numbers of parts and their fusion, including gynoecium placentation and ovary locules.
This document discusses the reproductive parts of plants. It defines flowering and non-flowering plants, with flowering plants bearing flowers that develop into fruits or seeds, while non-flowering plants produce seeds but no flowers. The parts of a flower are then described, including the pistil and stamen, which are the female and male reproductive parts, as well as other structures like the receptacle, sepals, and petals. Different types of flowers like perfect, imperfect, complete and incomplete are also defined.
The document summarizes the morphology of flowering plants. It describes the main parts of a flowering plant - roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. It discusses the different root systems and modifications of roots, stems and leaves. It also explains the structures and modifications of flowers including the calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Inflorescence patterns and symmetry of flowers are also summarized.
The document discusses flowers and fertilization. It describes the basic structure of flowers and their function in sexual reproduction. It explains that flowers attract pollinators through traits like color, scent and nectar. The document also outlines the processes of pollination, fertilization and double fertilization, where the sperm cells fuse with the egg and polar nuclei to produce seeds.
This document summarizes the morphology and structure of flowers in angiosperm plants. It describes the basic parts of a flower including the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It also discusses flower symmetry, aestivation, placentation, and provides examples of different inflorescence types. As an example, it thoroughly outlines the characteristics of flowers in the Solanaceae family, which includes important crops like tomato, potato, and chili peppers.
TYPES OF FLOWERS, FRUITS,DICOT AND MONOCOT SEEDSSelvanathanSelva
Flower is a reproductive structure that contains either male or female organs or both. A flower contains several parts including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. There are different types of flowers including bisexual, unisexual, and neutral flowers. Seeds come from fruits and there are two main types - monocot seeds with one cotyledon and dicot seeds with two cotyledons. Monocot seeds have an embryo with one cotyledon called a scutellum and endosperm as the storage tissue. Dicot seeds have an embryo containing a primary axis and two cotyledons which act as storage organs.
The document summarizes the main parts and functions of plants. It describes how roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil and anchor the plant. Stems transport water and minerals between roots and leaves, provide structure, and in young plants can photosynthesize. Leaves perform photosynthesis to produce food, exchange gases, and release water through transpiration. Flowers have four main parts - calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium - which are involved in reproduction.
Similar to Pollination and fertilization in plant breeding (age6110 (20)
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This an presentation about electrostatic force. This topic is from class 8 Force and Pressure lesson from ncert . I think this might be helpful for you. In this presentation there are 4 content they are Introduction, types, examples and demonstration. The demonstration should be done by yourself
Prototype Implementation of Non-Volatile Memory Support for RISC-V Keystone E...LenaYu2
Handling confidential information has become an increasingly important concern among many areas of society. However, current computing environments have been still vulnerable to various threats, and we should think they are untrusted.
Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) have attracted attention because they can execute a program in a trusted environment constructed on an untrusted platform.
Particularly, the RISC-V Keystone is one of the interesting TEEs since it is a flexibly customizable and fully open-source platform. On the other hand, as same as other TEEs, it must also delegate I/O processing, such as file accesses, to a host OS, resulting in the expensive overhead. For this problem, we thought utilizing byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) modules is a useful solution to handle persistent data objects for TEEs.
In this paper, we introduce a prototype implementation of NVM support for the Keystone. Additionally, we evaluate it on the Freedom U500 built on a VC707 FPGA dev kit.
https://ken.ieice.org/ken/paper/20210720TC4K/
This an presentation about electrostatic force. This topic is from class 8 Force and Pressure lesson from ncert . I think this might be helpful for you. In this presentation there are 4 content they are Introduction, types, examples and demonstration. The demonstration should be done by yourself
The X‐Pattern Merging of the Equatorial IonizationAnomaly Crests During Geoma...Sérgio Sacani
A unique phenomenon—A geomagnetically quiet time merging of Equatorial IonizationAnomaly (EIA) crests, leading to an X‐pattern (EIA‐X) around the magnetic equator—has been observed in thenight‐time ionospheric measurements by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk mission. Thepattern is also reproduced in an ionospheric model that assimilates slant Total Electron Content from GlobalNavigation Satellite System and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2.A free‐running whole atmospheric general circulation model simulation reproduces a similar pattern. Due to thesimilarity between measurements and simulations, the latter is used to diagnose this heretofore unexplainedphenomenon. The simulation shows that the EIA‐X can occur during geomagnetically quiet conditions and inthe afternoon to evening sector at a longitude where the vertical drift is downward. The downward vertical driftis a necessary but not sufficient condition. The simulation was performed under constant low‐solar andquiescent‐geomagnetic forcing conditions, therefore we conclude that EIA‐X can be driven by lower‐atmospheric forcing.
Pollination and fertilization in plant breeding (age6110
1. Pollination and Fertilization in Plant Breeding (AGE6110)
Topic: Flower Types and Structure
By
Eric Kuopuobe NAAWE
ID: 181925901
Agricultural Genetic Engineering
Agricultural Sciences and Technologies
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University; Turkey
Course Advisor: Assoc. Prof Ufuk Demirel
2. Presentation outline
• Introduction to flower
• Functions of flower
• Classification and types of flowers
• Structure and types of flower parts
• Types flower arrangement
• Some floral terminologies
3. Flower
• Flowers are the reproductive organs of a
plant that consists of different floral
whorls, each with a different function. It is
a compressed shoot bearing floral leaves.
• They are the reproductive shoots of
angiosperm sporophytes which forms
fruits and seeds
• The whorls are in concentric form
• The whorls from outside are calyx, corolla,
androecium and gynoecium.
Generalised Structure of a Flower
4. Functions of Flowers
To attract pollinators with colorful petals, scent, nectar and pollen
Propagation and perpetuation of angiosperm species
Bring about genetic variation in plants
Has recreational function among others
6. Terminologies of plants types relative to their flowers types
• Bisexual/hermaphrodite plants: if it
bears only bisexual/hermaphrodite
flowers.
• unisexual plants bears unisexual
flowers; It is either monoecious if both
the male and female flowers occur on
the same plant, or dioecious if male
and female flowers occur on different
plants.
• Subdioecy condition; may sometimes
occur under which plants are
andromonoecious, gynomonoecious,
trimonoecious
Pink flower = female flower; Blue flower = male flower; Bicolored flower = bisexual/hermaphrodite flower
7. Types of subdioecy
• Gynomonoecious: hermaphrodite +
female flower
• Andromonoecious: hermaphrodite +
male flower
• Trimonoecious: hermaphrodite +
female flower + male flower
9. Reproductive Floral Organs;
The reproductive floral organs is also known as the essential parts of the
flower
Female organs
• Carpel or pistil – female reproductive organs; contains:
• Stigma – is where pollen sticks to
• Style – is the long tube that connects stigma to ovary
• Ovary – enlarged structure at the base of carpel/pistil where the ovules
are located; it will become the fruit.
• Ovules – contains female gametophyte,
becomes the seed
• Plants have style!
carpel
or
pistilovary
10. Reproductive floral organs: male
• Stamen – male floral organ, consists of:
• Anther – part of the stamen that produces pollen
• Filament – stalk-like structure that holds anther
• Pollen – immature male gametophyte
11. Non-reproductive floral organs
• Petals – whorl of flower organs that are
often brightly colored to attract pollinators
• Corolla – whorl of petals
in a flower
• Sepals – whorl of leaf-like organs outside
the corolla; help protect the unopened
flower bud.
• Calyx – whorl of sepals in a flower
• Tepals (perianth) – when sepals and
petals look the same or cannot be
differenciated
13. Incomplete flower
• Flower with one or more whorls of
floral leaves missing.
• Eg. squash and rue anemone
Flower with all four whorls of floral
leaves. Eg. hibiscus or gumamela
Complete flower
14. Irregular flower
• Flowers with different shape and
size flower parts. Eg. orchid
• Flowers with all their flower
parts the same in size and shape.
Eg. Buttercup
Regular flowers
15. Imperfect flowers
• A "unisexual" flower in which either the
stamens or the carpels are missing,
vestigial or otherwise non-functional.
Types of imperfect flowers are;
• A. Staminate- having only functional
stamens and thus male. Eg.kiwi
• B. Pistillate- having only functional pistil
and thus female. Eg. melon
• C. Monoecious- staminate and pistillate
flowers on the same plant. Eg. Petunias
• Dioecious- staminate and pistillate
flower on different plants. eg. holly
Perfect flowers
• Perfect flower; a flower that has
functional female and male parts of
the flower which produces,
distribute, receive and fertilises to
form gametes.
16. Structure and Types of flower parts
• Calyx with free sepals • Calyx with connate(united)
sepals
The calyx (K): Totality of sepals in the flower.
Calyx lobes
Calyx tube
Silene spp.Rosa spp.
Stellaria media -chickweed Fabaceae flower
18. Types of Corolla
• Corolla with free petals • Corolla with connate (united) petals
The corolla (C): Totality of petals in the flower
Papaver spp. Ranunculus spp.
Campanula spp.
Corolla tube
Corolla lobes
Digitalis spp
19. Types of corolla with connate petalsFunnel shape
Bell shape
Tubular Helianthus spp.
Salveform
Funnelform
Petunia spp.
Ligulate Helinthus spp.
21. Types of corolla with free petals
Papillonaceaous – Fabaceae (legume family)
22. Inflorescence
• The collective cluster of flowers. Some inflorescences are composed
of many small flowers arranged in a formation that
• resembles a single flower.
• An inflorescence may include specialized stems and modified leaves
known as bracts
• Inflorescence can be Single or compound
• Single - When all the flowers are gathered in the same single pattern.
• Compound inflorescence
23. Main single inflorescence
Racemes- In racemes, florets are
attached along a floral peduncle
with stems similar in length. Young
florets appear above and the old
ones below.
A spike is a raceme, but the flowers
develop directly from the stem and
are not borne on pedicels, as in
barley (Hordeum).
24. • A spadix is a spike of flowers
densely arranged around it,
enclosed or accompanied by a
• highly specialized bract called
a spathe.
• It is characteristic of the
Araceae family.
Corymbs
A flower cluster whose lower stalks are
proportionally longer so that the flowers
form a flat or slightly convex head
25. • An umbel is an inflorescence which
consists of a number of short flower
stalks (called pedicels) which spread
from a common point, somewhat like
umbrella ribs. The arrangement can
vary from being flat topped to almost
spherical. Umbels can be simple or
compound. The secondary umbels of
compound umbels are known as
umbellules.
Umbels
Elongated cluster of single-sex flowers
bearing scaly bracts and usually lacking
petals.
Catkin/Ament
26. MAIN COMPOUND INFLORESCENCES
• Compound inflorescences is when a
complex pattern is made of another
single pattern.
Compound Umbels- Are formed by
several umbels gathered together.
Panicles
• Panicles are formed by several
racemes gathered together.
27. Floral terminologies
• Adnation; is the union of unlike
parts; organically united or fused
with another dissimilar part. Eg.
primrose
• Connation: The fusion of similar
organs. Eg. Gumamela
28. Ovary position and types on flower
• Hypogynous
• Perigynous
• Epigynous
29. • Hypogynous: the sepals, petals,
and stamens are inserted under
the carpel
• Ovary is said to be superior
• In a perigynous flower, the sepal,
petals, and stamens are fused
together to form a cup called the
hypanthium
• The gynoecium sits inside the cup but
is not fused to it
• Ovary is said to be superior
30. • Epigynous flower: In a epigynous
flower, the sepals, petals, and
stamens arise from a point
above the ovary
• Ovary is said to be inferior
31. Floral symmetry
• Actinomorphic (=radial): cutting
the flower in any pane produces
a mirror image
• Zygomorphic (=bilateral): can cut
the flower in only one plane to
get a mirror image
32. References
• Acquaah, G. (2012), Principles of plant genetics and breeding 2nd ed.
ISBN 978-0-470-66476-6
• http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/plants/bio204/13-FloweringPls.ppt
• https://www.slideshare.net/mazaylum/flowering-plants-14358239
• https://www.slideshare.net/hoilettr/flowering-plants-45341621