Earthquake resistant analysis and design of multistoried buildingAnup Adhikari
The document describes the seismic analysis and design of a multistoried reinforced concrete building. It discusses the objectives, background, literature review, methodology, and concepts for reducing earthquake effects. The methodology section explains the functional and structural planning, load assessment including gravity and lateral loads, preliminary design of structural elements like slabs, beams and columns. It also discusses drift calculation and load path. The design and detailing section provides details on the design of structural components like slab, beam, column, staircase, footing and basement wall based on Indian codes.
Seismic Analysis of regular & Irregular RCC frame structuresDaanish Zama
This document discusses seismic analysis of regular and irregular reinforced concrete framed buildings. It analyzes 4 building models - a regular 4-story building, a stiffness irregular building with a soft ground story, and two vertically irregular buildings with setbacks on the 3rd floor and 2nd/3rd floors. Static analysis was performed to compare bending moments, shear forces, story drifts, and joint displacements. Results showed irregular buildings experienced higher seismic demands. The regular building performed best, with the single setback building also performing well. Irregular configurations increase seismic effects and should be minimized in design.
Building Construction 8. formworks and scaffoldingsHamdija Velagic
This document provides information about formwork, scaffolding, shoring, and underpinning. It defines each construction technique and describes the typical components and uses. Formwork supports wet concrete until it cures and is used for foundations, walls, columns, slabs, beams, and stairs. Scaffolding provides temporary work platforms at different heights using standards, ledgers, and boards. Shoring supports unsafe structures using horizontal, vertical, or inclined bracing. Underpinning strengthens foundations by installing supports beneath them.
This presentation elucidates the seismic behaviour of beam-column joint and some methods to improve the resistance of beam-column joints to seismic loads to avoid disasters.
The document discusses the structure of the Earth and the causes of earthquakes. It describes the three main layers of the Earth - crust, mantle, and core. It explains that earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates at divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. The document also summarizes methods of earthquake-resistant design, including base isolation devices that separate buildings from the ground and seismic dampers that absorb seismic energy. It notes that while base isolation can be used for existing structures, seismic dampers are more expensive to install. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of earthquake-resistant construction and quality control to ensure public safety.
This document discusses retrofitting of buildings. It begins with an introduction to retrofitting, which is defined as modifying existing structural members to increase resistance to loads. The document then covers the goals of retrofitting such as increasing lateral strength and ductility. It also discusses the need for retrofitting, including when buildings are not designed to code or seismic zones are upgraded. The stages of retrofitting and methods for assessing building condition are outlined. Common retrofitting techniques like concrete and steel jacketing are described and examples of retrofitted structures in Balochistan are provided.
This document discusses retrofitting techniques for masonry buildings to strengthen them against earthquakes. It describes various structural and member retrofitting methods such as adding shear walls, jacketing beams and columns. Failure mechanisms of masonry buildings are outlined, including out-of-plane failure, in-plane failure and connection failure. Repair techniques like jacketing are explained. The document also references Indian codes for earthquake design and concludes that retrofitting is an effective technology for protecting structures, but expertise is still needed at the basic level.
Concrete jacketing or retrofitting is a procedure to increase the strength of existing structures by modifying them. It makes structures more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, and soil failure from earthquakes. Some purposes of jacketing are to increase concrete confinement, shear strength, and flexural strength through the use of transverse and longitudinal fiber reinforcement. Retrofitting reduces vulnerability to earthquake damage by strengthening structures to current seismic codes. The process involves assessing structural condition, evaluating seismic forces, selecting retrofit strategies, and construction.
The document discusses ductility and ductile detailing in reinforced concrete structures. It states that structures should be designed to have lateral strength, deformability, and ductility to resist earthquakes with limited damage and no collapse. Ductility allows structures to develop their full strength through internal force redistribution. Detailing of reinforcement is important to avoid brittle failure and induce ductile behavior by allowing steel to yield in a controlled manner. Shear walls are also discussed as vertical reinforced concrete elements that help structures resist earthquake loads in a ductile manner.
Design and analasys of a g+3 residential building using staadgopichand's
This document presents a graduation project analyzing and designing a G+3 residential building using STAAD Pro software. The objectives are to carry out analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, columns, and shear walls and get experience with STAAD Pro and AutoCAD. The project building consists of 3 repeated floors in Hyderabad. The document discusses analyzing loads, modeling the building in STAAD Pro, designing columns, beams, slabs, and foundations, and concludes with the advantages and limitations of using structural analysis software.
This document discusses the seismic behavior of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete moment frames. It begins by introducing beam-column joints and their importance. It then explains that joints have limited strength and are vulnerable to damage during earthquakes. To prevent this, joints must be designed to resist earthquake effects. The document outlines how beams apply moments to joints during quakes and how this can cause diagonal cracking if the joint is not reinforced properly. It concludes that providing large column sizes or steel ties in the joint can prevent such cracking and damage.
Beam and collunm less framwork fo huge construction of multistrey buildings with high strenght and econamy. Best suited for countries lkies India and helpful to achive the goal of gov of India to provide homes to all the citizens .
ANALYSIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STORYED BUILDING IN ZONE-4Ijripublishers Ijri
This document analyzes the soft story effect in multi-story buildings located in seismic zone 4 of India. A soft story is defined as a story with significantly less stiffness than adjacent stories, often due to large open spaces. The document describes a model of a 21-story building analyzed using ETABS software. Results show increased displacement and drift when soft stories are located at lower floors compared to upper floors. Design of structural elements in soft stories must account for increased lateral loads during earthquakes. Providing shear walls can increase story stiffness and improve seismic performance of buildings with soft stories.
This document discusses essentials of earthquake engineering for architects and engineers. It outlines India's vulnerability to disasters and the government's role in developing standards like IS 1893 for earthquake resistant design. The presentation covers general principles of earthquake resistant design and construction in IS 4326, including lightness, continuity, ductility. It addresses how architectural features can impact a building's performance during an earthquake. Suggestions are provided to avoid detrimental features and use simple structural configurations. The effects of earthquakes on masonry and reinforced concrete buildings are also examined.
This document discusses pushover analysis, which is an inelastic static analysis method used to evaluate seismic performance of structures. It begins by outlining the target performance levels dictated by codes, then provides an overview of current analysis methods and their limitations. Next, it describes the steps of a pushover analysis in detail, including defining member behavior, applying loads, specifying the load pattern, and incrementally forming plastic hinges. An example application to a 3-story frame structure is presented to demonstrate the process. The document concludes by emphasizing pushover analysis as a practical alternative to time history analysis for estimating seismic response.
Earthquake and effect in building types precaution Aditya Sanyal
The document discusses earthquake resistant buildings. It begins by explaining the causes of earthquakes and how seismic waves travel and are measured. It then discusses plate tectonics theory and the different types of faults that cause earthquakes. The key aspects for earthquake resistant design are discussed - allowing structures to deform without collapsing through ductility and following seismic building codes. Masonry structures need horizontal bands and vertical reinforcement to perform well during quakes. Diaphragms and shear walls are the main lateral load resisting systems to transfer seismic forces safely to the ground.
SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN AGARTALA CITY US...shankar kumar
This document outlines a methodology for conducting a seismic vulnerability assessment of residential buildings in Agartala City, India using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method. The objectives are to assess seismic vulnerability of residential buildings in Agartala City using the RVS method from FEMA 154 (2015) and to predict expected damage grades from future earthquakes. The methodology involves conducting RVS, which involves visually inspecting buildings to identify seismic deficiencies and assigning scores to determine likely damage from earthquakes. The RVS will screen buildings and identify those requiring more detailed analysis.
The Final Seminar of the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal was held on 14 February 2018.
The public seminar was held three times during the project.
The Final Seminar, “ Understanding Disaster Risks and Moving Towards DRR and Resilience”, presented on the activities and accomplishment of the project, construction of robust and resilient society against natural disaster risk.
Thank you all for your support and enthusiastic participation in this seminar.
Presentation: Towards Disaster Resilient Kathmandu Valley (Building)
FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...IAEME Publication
Most of the construction in Kashmir Valley is still done in brick masonry, our research is intended to check out the earthquake resistance of ongoing masonry building construction (mostly important buildings like school) and to point out flaws in design and construction that result in poor seismic performance of such structures and to suggest adequate measures to curb this practice.
Flaws in construction practices of masonry buildings in kashmir with referenc...IAEME Publication
This document discusses flaws in the construction practices of masonry buildings in Kashmir with regards to earthquakes. It notes that most construction in the Kashmir Valley is still done using brick masonry, which often lacks proper earthquake resistance. The research aims to identify flaws in the design and construction of masonry buildings that result in poor seismic performance, and to suggest measures to improve earthquake resistance. It describes typical damage to masonry buildings during earthquakes, including non-structural damage as well as structural failures of bearing walls, and identifies the main weaknesses in unreinforced masonry construction that contribute to seismic damage.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with and without Shear Wall ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic analysis of a multi-story building with and without shear walls using ETABS software. Key findings include:
1) Shear walls significantly increase the rigidity and strength of a building framework and their absence can lead to failure during earthquakes.
2) Buildings with shear walls experience less story drift, displacement, and base shear compared to buildings without shear walls.
3) As the number of stories increases, buildings become more vulnerable to earthquake loads, making shear walls necessary for high-rise structures.
The study concludes that shear walls are an essential seismic resisting element, particularly for taller buildings in high seismic zones, as they greatly reduce structural damage and risk
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING IN STAAD PRO FOR ZONE IIIRJET Journal
This document discusses the seismic analysis and design of a 5-storey building in Zone II using STAAD Pro software. It summarizes the objectives of analyzing the building's response to seismic loads by determining base shear and story drift. The methodology used STAAD Pro to model and analyze the building in accordance with Indian code IS 1893. The results showed the building's reaction to seismic loads through characteristics like displacement, base shear, and story drift. This allowed checking that the building design is safe for the specified seismic zone.
This document is a project report on earthquake resistant buildings submitted by a civil engineering student. It begins with an acknowledgement thanking the project guide. The contents section lists topics that will be covered such as what is an earthquake, how they affect buildings, seismic zones in India, and popular earthquake resistant techniques. The introduction defines earthquakes and classifies their magnitudes. It also discusses how earthquakes can damage buildings and the impacts like structural damage, fires, and landslides. Popular earthquake resistant techniques discussed include shear walls, seismic dampers, base isolation, horizontal bands, and rollers.
This document discusses building failures and their causes through case studies. It defines structural failure as when a building loses its ability to perform its intended design function. Failures can be physical (structural) or performance related. Causes of failure include improper design, use of substandard materials, manufacturing errors, corrosion, and instability from repeated stresses. Most failures are due to human factors like poor workmanship or design, though natural causes like heavy rain are also discussed. Specific case studies from Mumbai describe collapses due to weak columns, removal of support pillars, and decay from lack of maintenance exacerbated by rain. General precautions to prevent failure involve proper design, construction pacing, and avoiding corrosion or moisture intrusion.
This document discusses building failures and their causes through case studies. It defines structural failure as when a building loses its ability to perform its intended design function. Failures can be physical (structural) or performance related. Causes of failure include improper design, use of substandard materials, manufacturing errors, corrosion, and instability from repeated stresses. Most failures are due to human factors like poor workmanship or lack of maintenance, though natural causes like heavy rain can also cause collapse. Specific case studies from Mumbai discuss collapses due to weak concrete columns, removal of support pillars, and decay of old buildings exacerbated by heavy rainfall. Proper design, use of appropriate materials, quality control measures, and periodic maintenance can help prevent such
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied buildingIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of shear wall position in a 10-story building through time history and response spectrum analysis. 10 different models are analyzed with the shear wall located at the top, center, or bottom of floors 6m, 9m, and 12m. Results show the model with a shear wall at the center of floor 6m performs best in minimizing displacements, reactions, and moments under seismic loading compared to other models and the normal frame structure without a shear wall. Steel quantities also tend to be lower for this optimal shear wall configuration.
IRJET- A Review on Study of Defects in Buildings and their RemediesIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of common defects that can occur in buildings. It discusses defects in several areas:
1) Structural defects such as cracks in foundations, floors, or walls which can be caused by poor soil testing, improper site selection, or use of inferior materials.
2) Non-structural defects like issues with brickwork, moisture problems in older structures, or problems with mortar.
3) Defects in roofs including broken/slipped tiles or slates, blocked valleys, roof leaks, poorly installed flashing, ponding water, or inadequate ventilation.
4) Defects in stonework related to the stone's pore structure, incorrect bedding, or salt
IRJET- A Study on Seismic Evaluation of RC Framed Structures on Varying Perce...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete framed structures with varying percentages of diaphragm discontinuity, with and without shear walls. 12 models of a G+10 story building were developed in ETABS with 0%, 8.33%, 16.66%, and 33.32% diaphragm openings. The models were analyzed using equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis according to Indian standards. Results for base shear, story shear, story displacement, and story drift ratios were obtained and discussed. It was found that providing shear walls, especially at the corners and periphery of openings, helped reduce seismic demands on the structure compared to models without shear walls.
This document summarizes research on evaluating vibration limits and mitigation techniques for urban construction. It discusses sources of vibrations from pile driving, effects of vibrations on structures, preconstruction engineering investigations including condition surveys, and mitigation measures to control vibration effects. Equations to calculate vibration levels and case studies of vibration-induced damage and non-damage to structures from pile driving are presented. The major findings are that dynamic settlement, not vibrations, can cause damage in clay soils, while relatively small vibrations can cause settlement in loose sands, potentially damaging nearby structures.
Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of Ground Storey and Parking StoreyIRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the seismic analysis of ground storey and parking storey reinforced concrete frame buildings. Two models are analyzed: a 4-story building with the ground floor at a depth of 1.5m and a 4-story building with the first floor (parking storey) at a depth of 3.5m. The parking storey building is found to have increased natural period, base shear, top displacement, and internal forces in beams and columns compared to the ground storey building, making it more vulnerable to earthquake loads. Parameters like natural period, base shear, displacements, and internal forces are higher for the deeper parking storey building compared to the ground storey or shallow parking storey
IRJET- Effect of Deficiency Due to Improper Construction & Maintenance of Str...IRJET Journal
This document discusses improper construction practices that can damage structures and make them vulnerable to hazards like earthquakes, floods, and cyclones. It defines construction and maintenance of structures and explains how deficiencies in these can negatively impact buildings. Several hazards are described in detail, including the damage they cause and mitigation measures. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of following construction codes and amending them as needed to promote structurally sound buildings that last longer rather than needing early reconstruction.
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”ankialok
The opinion that designing new buildings to be Earthquake resistant will cause substantial additional costs is still among the constructional professionals. In a country of moderate seismicity adequate seismic resistance of new buildings may be achieved at no or no significant additional cost however the expenditure needed to ensure adequate seismic resistance may depend strongly on the approach selected during the conceptual design phase and the relevant design method. Regarding the conceptual design phase early collaboration between the architect and civil engineering is crucial.
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”ankialok
The opinion that designing new buildings to be Earthquake resistant will cause substantial additional costs is still among the constructional professionals. In a country of moderate seismicity adequate seismic resistance of new buildings may be achieved at no or no significant additional cost however the expenditure needed to ensure adequate seismic resistance may depend strongly on the approach selected during the conceptual design phase and the relevant design method.
Study on Causes of Cracks & its Preventive Measures in Concrete StructuresIJERA Editor
The problem of cracking in building is becoming a difficult puzzle for engineers nowadays. Cracking is an unavoidable response of any structure while designers are trying to eliminate many of the causes of cracking and design tolerance for other factors. We all want our building structurally safe but it is not so easy. Some faulty steps during construction and some unavoidable reasons different type of cracks starts to appear on various structural and non- structural parts of the building. So, timely identification of such cracks and adopting preventive measure are essential. The repair materials and repair technique are different depending upon forms of cracks according to their positions in structure. Some types of cracks seriously need attention as they are structurally hazardous. In this paper, we will discuss about the problem engineers are facing i.e. of cracking after construction and what preventive measures should be taken along with the techniques to cure cracks.
The document discusses the causes and prevention of cracks in concrete structures, describing various types of structural and non-structural cracks caused by factors like thermal movement, shrinkage, chemical reactions, foundation settlement, and poor construction practices. Case studies of cracks at Career Point University in India are presented and techniques for repairing cracks like epoxy injection, routing and sealing, and polymer impregnation are outlined. Preventive measures discussed include proper use of joints, mix design, foundations, and construction monitoring.
Similar to Rapid Visual Screening of existing residential building of Agartala City (20)
The document appears to be technical specifications or standards for structural design supplied by Apple Supply Bureau under a licensing agreement. It includes repetitive information about the license date and document number.
This document is the Indian Standard (Part 1) for earthquake resistant design of structures. It provides general provisions and criteria for assessing earthquake hazards and designing buildings to resist earthquakes. Some key points:
- It defines seismic zones across India based on past earthquake intensities and establishes design response spectra for each zone.
- It provides minimum design forces for normal structures and notes that special structures may require more rigorous site-specific analysis.
- This revision includes changes such as defining design spectra to 6 seconds, specifying the same spectra for all building materials, including temporary structures, and provisions for irregular buildings and masonry infill walls.
- It establishes terminology used in earthquake engineering and references other relevant Indian Standards for
Id 165-rapid seismic vulnerability evaluation of residential buildings in aga...shankar kumar
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the seismic vulnerability of 350 residential buildings in Agartala City, India using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method from FEMA 154. The study found that 59% of buildings were reinforced concrete, 33% were masonry, and 8% were composite. Both reinforced concrete and masonry buildings were estimated to experience moderate structural damage to collapse in a major earthquake according to the EMS-98 scale. The RVS method considers various parameters that impact seismic performance, such as building type, number of stories, irregularities, and maintenance level, to calculate an overall score estimating expected damage.
This document summarizes a study on assessing the seismic vulnerability of residential buildings in Agartala, India using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method. It provides background on Agartala's high seismic risk and growing population/development. The objectives are to assess vulnerability of residential buildings using RVS and predict expected damage grades. The methodology section describes using the RVS procedure from FEMA 154 to conduct visual evaluations of buildings and assign preliminary damage grades. Key factors affecting seismic vulnerability are identified as building structure, height, irregularities, quality, soil conditions, and structural issues like framing, diaphragms, overhangs and columns.
COMPARISON OF SEISMIC CODES OF CHINA, INDIA, UK AND USA (STRUCTURAL IRREGULA...shankar kumar
This document compares structural irregularities defined in seismic codes of China, India, the UK, and the USA. It defines seven types of plan irregularities and seven types of vertical/elevation irregularities. It compares how each code defines and quantifies these irregularities using multiplication constants. While the types of irregularities covered are largely consistent between codes, the quantification of irregularities differs through the use of different constant values. The document concludes some irregularities are not addressed in all codes and proposes further study on seismic response of irregular plan structures.
1. A metal casing with a shoe tip is driven into the ground using a pile driver hammer, displacing soil laterally.
2. Concrete is poured into the casing to form a cast-in-place pile.
3. The casing may either remain permanently in place or be extracted, leaving the concrete pile.
4. Piles are installed one by one using the pile driver to precisely place each one in the correct location. Proper tools and equipment like casings, shoes, and hammers are required for effective pile driving.
OCS Training Institute is pleased to co-operate with
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learn to implement the relevant standards &
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safety, thus reducing the number of accidents and
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Encontro anual da comunidade Splunk, onde discutimos todas as novidades apresentadas na conferência anual da Spunk, a .conf24 realizada em junho deste ano em Las Vegas.
Neste vídeo, trago os pontos chave do encontro, como:
- AI Assistant para uso junto com a SPL
- SPL2 para uso em Data Pipelines
- Ingest Processor
- Enterprise Security 8.0 (Maior atualização deste seu release)
- Federated Analytics
- Integração com Cisco XDR e Cisto Talos
- E muito mais.
Deixo ainda, alguns links com relatórios e conteúdo interessantes que podem ajudar no esclarecimento dos produtos e funções.
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/the-hidden-costs-of-downtime.html
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-leading-observability-practice.pdf
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-modern-security-program.pdf
Nosso grupo oficial da Splunk:
https://usergroups.splunk.com/sao-paulo-splunk-user-group/
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aimed to profile the coffee shops in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, to develop a standardized checklist for aspiring entrepreneurs. The researchers surveyed 10 coffee shop owners in the municipality of Talavera. Through surveys, the researchers delved into the Owner's Demographic, Business details, Financial Requirements, and other requirements needed to consider starting up a coffee shop. Furthermore, through accurate analysis, the data obtained from the coffee shop owners are arranged to derive key insights. By analyzing this data, the study identifies best practices associated with start-up coffee shops’ profitability in Talavera. These findings were translated into a standardized checklist outlining essential procedures including the lists of equipment needed, financial requirements, and the Traditional and Social Media Marketing techniques. This standardized checklist served as a valuable tool for aspiring and existing coffee shop owners in Talavera, streamlining operations, ensuring consistency, and contributing to business success.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project ManagementPrakhyath Rai
Introduction to Project Management: Introduction, Project and Importance of Project Management, Contract Management, Activities Covered by Software Project Management, Plans, Methods and Methodologies, some ways of categorizing Software Projects, Stakeholders, Setting Objectives, Business Case, Project Success and Failure, Management and Management Control, Project Management life cycle, Traditional versus Modern Project Management Practices.
How to Manage Internal Notes in Odoo 17 POSCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to leverage internal notes within Odoo 17 POS to enhance communication and streamline operations. Internal notes provide a platform for staff to exchange crucial information regarding orders, customers, or specific tasks, all while remaining invisible to the customer. This fosters improved collaboration and ensures everyone on the team is on the same page.
A brief introduction to quadcopter (drone) working. It provides an overview of flight stability, dynamics, general control system block diagram, and the electronic hardware.
20CDE09- INFORMATION DESIGN
UNIT I INCEPTION OF INFORMATION DESIGN
Introduction and Definition
History of Information Design
Need of Information Design
Types of Information Design
Identifying audience
Defining the audience and their needs
Inclusivity and Visual impairment
Case study.
Best Practices of Clothing Businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, A Foundation ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study primarily aimed to determine the best practices of clothing businesses to use it as a foundation of strategic business advancements. Moreover, the frequency with which the business's best practices are tracked, which best practices are the most targeted of the apparel firms to be retained, and how does best practices can be used as strategic business advancement. The respondents of the study is the owners of clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija. Data were collected and analyzed using a quantitative approach and utilizing a descriptive research design. Unveiling best practices of clothing businesses as a foundation for strategic business advancement through statistical analysis: frequency and percentage, and weighted means analyzing the data in terms of identifying the most to the least important performance indicators of the businesses among all of the variables. Based on the survey conducted on clothing businesses in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, several best practices emerge across different areas of business operations. These practices are categorized into three main sections, section one being the Business Profile and Legal Requirements, followed by the tracking of indicators in terms of Product, Place, Promotion, and Price, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) covering finance, marketing, production, technical, and distribution aspects. The research study delved into identifying the core best practices of clothing businesses, serving as a strategic guide for their advancement. Through meticulous analysis, several key findings emerged. Firstly, prioritizing product factors, such as maintaining optimal stock levels and maximizing customer satisfaction, was deemed essential for driving sales and fostering loyalty. Additionally, selecting the right store location was crucial for visibility and accessibility, directly impacting footfall and sales. Vigilance towards competitors and demographic shifts was highlighted as essential for maintaining relevance. Understanding the relationship between marketing spend and customer acquisition proved pivotal for optimizing budgets and achieving a higher ROI. Strategic analysis of profit margins across clothing items emerged as crucial for maximizing profitability and revenue. Creating a positive customer experience, investing in employee training, and implementing effective inventory management practices were also identified as critical success factors. In essence, these findings underscored the holistic approach needed for sustainable growth in the clothing business, emphasizing the importance of product management, marketing strategies, customer experience, and operational efficiency.
Development of Chatbot Using AI/ML Technologiesmaisnampibarel
The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and natural language processing have significantly transformed human-computer interactions. This thesis presents the design, development, and evaluation of an intelligent chatbot capable of engaging in natural and meaningful conversations with users. The chatbot leverages state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, including transformer-based architectures, to understand and generate human-like responses.
Key contributions of this research include the implementation of a context- aware conversational model that can maintain coherent dialogue over extended interactions. The chatbot's performance is evaluated through both automated metrics and user studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in various applications such as customer service, mental health support, and educational assistance. Additionally, ethical considerations and potential biases in chatbot responses are examined to ensure the responsible deployment of this technology.
The findings of this thesis highlight the potential of intelligent chatbots to enhance user experience and provide valuable insights for future developments in conversational AI.
Exploring Deep Learning Models for Image Recognition: A Comparative Reviewsipij
Image recognition, which comes under Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a critical aspect of computer vision,
enabling computers or other computing devices to identify and categorize objects within images. Among
numerous fields of life, food processing is an important area, in which image processing plays a vital role,
both for producers and consumers. This study focuses on the binary classification of strawberries, where
images are sorted into one of two categories. We Utilized a dataset of strawberry images for this study; we
aim to determine the effectiveness of different models in identifying whether an image contains
strawberries. This research has practical applications in fields such as agriculture and quality control. We
compared various popular deep learning models, including MobileNetV2, Convolutional Neural Networks
(CNN), and DenseNet121, for binary classification of strawberry images. The accuracy achieved by
MobileNetV2 is 96.7%, CNN is 99.8%, and DenseNet121 is 93.6%. Through rigorous testing and analysis,
our results demonstrate that CNN outperforms the other models in this task. In the future, the deep
learning models can be evaluated on a richer and larger number of images (datasets) for better/improved
results.
Rapid Visual Screening of existing residential building of Agartala City
1. SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN
AGARTALA CITY USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
PRESENTED BY
PROJECT GROUP
B. TECH 8TH SEMESTER
Under the Guidance of
Asstt. Prof. LIPIKA HALDER
Department of Civil Engineering
NIT, AGARTALA
2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Objectives of the study
• Methodology
• DETAILS OF CASE STUDIES
• Results and Discussions
• CONCLUSIONS
• FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• References
2
3. INTRODUCTION
• Earthquakes are one of the most devastating
forces in nature. These have been instrumental in
changing the courses of Indian history.
• Some of the most significant disasters in the last
hundred years caused by earthquake results a loss of
about 2,03141 human lives, besides damage to
property and infrastructure.
• Around 60% of the country’s landmass is prone to
moderate, high or severe earthquake risks. North-
east experiences earthquake of average magnitude
>6.0 every year which causes huge losses to
property. 3
4. • As Tripura, north-eastern state of India is situated
in seismic zone V which is severe most zone
indicated by the Indian Seismic code IS 1893(Part
1)2002. So this study proposes an approach to
estimate the seismic vulnerability assessment of
residential buildings in Agartala city.
4
6. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• To assess the seismic vulnerability of residential
buildings in Agartala city using Rapid Visual
Screening Method proposed by FEMA 154 (2015)
• To predict the expected damage grade that may be
observed in the surveyed buildings in future severe
earthquake.
6
7. METHODOLOGY
1.Rapid visual screening (RVS) procedure requiring only visual
evaluation and limited additional information (Level 1
procedure). This procedure is recommended for all buildings.
2. Simplified vulnerability assessment (SVA) procedure requiring
limited engineering analysis based on information from visual
observations and structural drawings or on-site measurements
(Level 2 procedure). This procedure is recommended for all
buildings with high concentration of people.
3. Detailed vulnerability assessment (DVA) procedure requiring
detailed computer analysis, similar to or more complex than
that required for design of a new building (Level 3 procedure).
This procedure is recommended for all important and lifeline
buildings
7
8. RAPID VISUAL SCREENING PROCEDURE
(RVS)
• Rapid visual screening was first proposed in US in
1988 in the FEMA 154 report, which was latest
modified in 2015 to incorporate latest technological
advancements and lessons from earthquake disasters
in the 1990.
• RVS is useful when the number of buildings to be
evaluated is large.
8
9. SURVEY PARAMETERS
General Information: Type of building, Number of
stories, Year of construction, Number of occupants,
Maintenance record.
Structural Irregularities: Vertical irregularities, Plan
irregularities.
Apparent building quality: Quality of materials &
construction.
Soil conditions.
Frame action
Diaphragm action.
Heavy overhangs, Soft story, Short column.
9
10. Pounding effect: Two Adjacent buildings.
Openings: Large openings in wall, irregular openings
in walls.
Bands: Horizontal Bands at plinth level, lintel level,
sill & roof level.
Falling Hazards.
Wall thickness at ground floor.
Water tank at roof: Capacity and location.
10
11. DETAILS OF CASE STUDIES
The side walk survey was conducted in a phased
manner between 25 August,2016 to 4th April ,2017.
The road no’s are respectively –
7,8,9,10,13,14,15,16 and 17, which was surveyed
during this period.
Total 350 no’s of residential buildings are surveyed.
Among them 205 comprise RCC structures, 116
comprise masonry constructions, 29 are Composite
structures and the remaining is mixed type
A performance score is calculated for each building
which indicates whether the building strength is
adequate to withstand earthquake forces
11
17. Predicted damage grades
17
RVS Score Damage Potential
S < 0.4 High probability of Grade 5 damage; Very high probability of Grade 4
damage
0.4 ≤ S ≤ 0.9 High probability of Grade 4 damage; Very high probability of Grade 3
damage
1.0 ≤ S ≤ 1.5 High probability of Grade 3 damage; Very high probability of Grade 2
damage
1.6 ≤ S ≤ 2.0 High probability of Grade 2 damage; Very high probability of Grade 1
damage
2.0 < S Probability of Grade 1 damage
18. 18
DAMAGE GRADE MASONRY BUILDINGS R.C.C STRUCTURES
Grade 1
Negligible to slight damage
(No structural damage, slight non-
structural damage)
1. Hair-line cracks in very few walls.
2. Fall of small pieces of plaster only.
3. Falling of loose stones.
1. Fine cracks in plaster over frame members or
in walls at the base.
2. Fine cracks in partitions and infill's.
Grade 2
Moderate damage
(Slight structural damage, moderate
non-structural damage)
1. Cracks in many walls.
2. Fall of fairly large pieces of plaster.
3. Partial collapse of chimneys.
1. Cracks in columns and beams of frames and
in structural walls.
2. Cracks in partition and infill walls; fall of
brittle cladding and plaster.
3. Falling mortar from the joints of wall panels.
Grade 3
Substantial to heavy damage
(moderate structural damage, heavy
non-structural damage)
1. Large and extensive cracks in most
walls.
2. Roof tiles detach.
Chimneys fracture at the roof line.
3. Failure of individual non-structural
elements (partitions, gable walls etc.).
1. Cracks in columns and beam-column joints of
frames at the base and at joints of coupled
walls.
2. Spalling of concrete cover, buckling of
reinforced bars.
3. Large cracks in partition and infill walls,
failure of individual infill panels.
Grade 4: Very heavy damage (heavy structural
damage, very heavy non-structural
damage)
1. Serious failure of walls (gaps in
walls).
2. Partial structural failure of roofs and
floors.
1. Large cracks in structural elements with
compression failure of concrete and fracture of
rebars.
2. Bond failure of beam reinforcing bars; tilting
of columns.
3. Collapse of a few columns or of a single
upper floor.
Grade 5: Destruction
(very heavy structural damage)
1. Total or near total collapse of the
building.
1. Collapse of ground floor parts (e.g. wings) of
the building.
31. CONCLUSIONS
• In light of above results and discussions it has been
seen that out of total surveyed 350 buildings more than
half of the buildings (59%) are RCC structures, 33% are
load bearing walls, 8% composite structures building
• It is observed that 21% buildings constructed about 25
years ago are not suitable to sustain the strong seismic
shock. Moreover 11% buildings constructed about 30-
35 years back are obviously masonry buildings should
be strengthened immediately.
• It is seen that 23% buildings have Vertical Irregularities
and 33% buildings have Plan irregularities. Fortunately
the percentage of Vertical irregularities is less than Plan
irregularities, as the former is much more vulnerable
than the latter. Lastly 23% buildings have heavy
overhangs in buildings.
31
32. • The performance score of the residential buildings is
calculated by FEMA 154 (2015). it is seen all the
building need further evaluation as the performance
score of all these buildings are less than “2” which is
considered as cut-off score. All buildings belong to G3
to G5 grades.
• Near about 149 buildings may experience G3 type of
damage, 88 numbers of buildings may be
experienced G4 type damage and 69 buildings may
be experience G5 type damage in severe future
earthquake estimated by FEMA 154 (2015).
32
33. FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• The seismic vulnerability assessment of existing
structures is very much essential in the city of
Agartala as it is situated in the seismic zone V, the
worst zone in India.
• All other important building like hospital, school
buildings may be considered for future study
33
34. REFERENCES
• Bernardini, A.,Giovinazzi, S.,Lagomarsino, S., Parodi, S. (2007). The vulnerability
assessment of current buildings by a macroseismic approach derived from the
EMS-98 scale. 3° National Congress of Earthquake Engineering, Girona, Spain
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA 154), (1988). Rapid Visual
Screening of Building for Potential Seismic Hazards: A Handbook (FEMA 154, 2015)
• Google Earth for valuable image and QGIS
• Indian Standard 13920:1993 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced
concrete structures subjected to seismic forces Indian Standards, New Delhi
• Indian Standard 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete Indian
Standards, New Delhi. Indian Standard 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Criteria for earthquake
resistant design of structures (Fifth Revision) Indian Standards, New Delhi.
• Sinha, R., and Goyal, A., (2004). “A National Policy for Seismic Vulnerability
Assessment of Buildings and Procedure for Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for
Potential Seismic Vulnerability”, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Bombay, India
• Wikipedia.
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