Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united their kingdoms through marriage in 1469, establishing 150 years of joint rule. They faced civil war in Castile over succession, which Isabella won with Aragonese support. As the Catholic Monarchs, they pursued religious unity, expelling Jews in 1492 and forcing Muslims to convert. They conquered Granada in 1492, ending Muslim rule in Iberia. Their empire expanded through Columbus' voyages and the Treaty of Tordesillas. Reforms centralized power under their dynastic rule, laying the foundations for a global Spanish empire.
1) The document discusses the Habsburg dynasty in Spain known as the Austrias from Carlos I to Felipe IV.
2) It describes the reigns of Carlos I, Felipe II, Felipe III, and Felipe IV, noting the foreign conflicts and domestic problems each king faced, including revolts, financial issues, and declining Spanish power.
3) Key events included Carlos I's vast empire, Felipe II's wars against France, England, the Netherlands, and the Ottomans, and the expulsion of the Moriscos under Felipe III which hurt Spain's economy.
El documento resume la situación de España durante el siglo XVIII bajo la dinastía Borbónica. Incluye una breve descripción de la Guerra de Sucesión española y el Tratado de Utrecht, así como los reyes Felipe V, Fernando VI y Carlos III. También analiza la política exterior de los Borbones, la situación demográfica y económica de España en el siglo XVIII, incluyendo la agricultura, ganadería, industria y comercio.
U1. the start of the modern age. 15 - 16 centuries.Rocío Bautista
The 15th and 16th centuries saw the beginning of major political, geographical, economic, social, and religious changes that marked the transition to the Modern Age from the Middle Ages:
[1] Authoritarian monarchies consolidated power across Europe as kings weakened the influence of nobles and the church.
[2] Major geographical discoveries expanded the known world as the Portuguese explored Africa and the Spanish discovered and colonized parts of the Americas.
[3] The rise of capitalism and a market economy transformed production and trade with the growth of the domestic system, development of banking, and new global trade routes.
[4] Religiously, the Protestant Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Church,
Unit 1 - The Ancien Régime. Europe in the 18th century.pdfJaimeAlonsoEdu
This document provides an overview of Europe in the 18th century under the Ancien Régime. It discusses the rise of absolutism versus parliamentary systems of government. It also examines the major intellectual movements of the Enlightenment such as rationalism, liberalism, and the philosophies of thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke. Additionally, it outlines the economy of the time which was based on agriculture, crafts, and mercantilism. Society was hierarchical and stratified into estates. The document also summarizes Spain during this period as it transitioned to rule under the new Bourbon dynasty following the War of the Spanish Succession.
Este documento describe el Imperio Hispánico durante los siglos XVI y XVII bajo el dominio de la Casa de Austria. La dinastía gobernante expandió sus territorios en Europa y América a través de conquistas y herencias. El imperio se enfrentó a desafíos internos como revueltas y a conflictos externos contra Francia, los protestantes y el Imperio Otomano en su esfuerzo por mantener la hegemonía católica.
The document provides background information on the origins and early history of Rome. It discusses:
- The location of the Roman civilization in the Italian peninsula in the 8th century BC.
- The three main tribes that inhabited the Italian peninsula at that time: the Etruscans, Latins, and Greeks.
- According to historical facts, Rome was founded in the mid-8th century BC by Latin tribes on seven hills near the Tiber River.
- According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who were found by a she-wolf. Romulus later killed Remus and became Rome's first king.
El documento describe el reinado de Felipe II de España en el siglo XVI. Felipe II unificó la península ibérica bajo su mandato tras heredar el trono de Portugal en 1580. Sin embargo, su reinado estuvo marcado por conflictos internos como rebeliones, guerras costosas para defender sus vastas posesiones de Europa y conflictos religiosos derivados de su ferviente catolicismo.
Europeans had limited exploration before 1400s but interest grew due to a desire to spread Christianity, gain wealth from trade, and new sailing technologies. Motivations included God, glory, and gold where Europeans wanted to convert non-Christians, gain prestige from discoveries, and access valuable trade goods like spices that previously passed through Italian and Muslim merchants. Technological advances like the caravel ship design, astrolabe, and magnetic compass enabled long voyages and navigation needed to pursue these goals of exploration.
Felipe II nació en 1527 en Valladolid y fue rey de España. Se casó cuatro veces debido a la muerte temprana de sus esposas, teniendo hijos con su tercera y cuarta esposa. Organizó la Armada Invencible para combatir a los corsarios ingleses como Francis Drake, pero la flota fue destruida por una tormenta cuando iba a enfrentarse a los ingleses. Felipe II murió en 1598 después de vivir durante el Siglo de Oro español.
The Apostle James preached Christianity in northwest Spain and was later martyred. His remains were discovered and a chapel was built in Santiago de Compostela, which became an important pilgrimage site. Over subsequent centuries, the pilgrimage route known as the Camino de Santiago stimulated local economies and cultural exchange as infrastructure and buildings were constructed to accommodate pilgrims. Artistic styles that developed in Christian Spain included Asturian, Mozarabic, Romanesque, Gothic and Mudejar styles.
Este documento presenta un resumen biográfico detallado de Felipe II, monarca de la Monarquía Hispánica. Describe su educación, salud, matrimonios, aficiones, espiritualidad y estilo de gobierno. También analiza los principales problemas financieros y administrativos a los que se enfrentó su reinado, así como sus esfuerzos por controlar la ortodoxia católica mediante la Inquisición y procesos contra herejes y comunidades protestantes, incluyendo el caso del arzobispo Bartolomé
Creado por María Jesús Campos Fernández, profesora de Geografía e Historia en una sección bilingüe de inglés
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
1. Charles V was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1519. When he departed for Germany in 1520, he left Cardinal Adrian of Utrecht to rule Castile. This led to a revolt called the Revolt of the Comuneros by citizens in Castile against Charles V's rule.
2. Philip II inherited a vast empire from his father Charles I. He faced many problems during his reign including wars with France and confrontations with the Turks and English.
3. Spain began to lose its supremacy in the 17th century due to economic crisis, population decline, and an impoverished society. France rose to supremacy under the absolute rule of Louis XIV.
El documento resume el Imperio de los Austrias en España durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Bajo Carlos I y Felipe II, el imperio alcanzó su máxima expansión, aunque también enfrentó revueltas internas y conflictos externos con Francia y los turcos. La llegada de oro y plata de América provocó una subida generalizada de precios, pero no mejoró las condiciones de vida de la población española debido a la incapacidad de satisfacer la demanda americana. Con los siguientes monarcas, el imperio entró en
El documento resume el periodo de los Austrias en España entre 1516 y 1700. Carlos I heredó amplios territorios de sus padres y abuelos y trató de unificarlos bajo su mando, pero enfrentó problemas internos como revueltas en Castilla y Valencia, así como guerras externas contra Francia y los príncipes protestantes alemanes. Su hijo Felipe II centralizó más el poder y defendió la ortodoxia católica, lo que llevó a conflictos con los moriscos y la guerra contra los holandeses y los ingleses
Auge y decadencia de la Monarquía Hispánica (ss. XVI-XVII)Miguel Salinas Romo
La monarquía hispánica alcanzó su máximo esplendor en el siglo XVI bajo el reinado de Carlos I, quien buscó establecer un Imperio Universal Cristiano que abarcaba amplios territorios de Europa y América. Sin embargo, en el siglo XVII la monarquía hispánica entró en decadencia debido a las guerras contra otras potencias europeas y la pérdida de colonias americanas.
La Guerra de Sucesión Española (1700-1714) enfrentó a Felipe de Anjou, apoyado por Castilla, y al Archiduque Carlos de Austria, apoyado por Aragón y potencias europeas como Austria y Gran Bretaña. Tras la victoria franco-castellana en la Batalla de Almansa en 1707, el Tratado de Utrecht en 1713 reconoció a Felipe V como rey de España. Su reinado y el de su hijo Fernando VI impusieron el absolutismo centralista inspirado en Francia. La dinastía Borbón trajo algun
Felipe III comenzó a reinar a los 20 años sin mucho interés en la política. Dejó el gobierno en manos de su valido el Duque de Lerma, quien vendía cargos públicos para enriquecerse y corrompió el sistema. Esto contribuyó a una crisis financiera. Expulsó a los moriscos para homogeneizar España étnicamente pero causó problemas económicos. Apoyó a los Habsburgo católicos en la Guerra de los 30 Años hasta su muerte a los 42 años.
El documento resume el declive del Imperio español a finales de la Edad Moderna bajo los reinados de Felipe III, Felipe IV y Carlos II. A comienzos del siglo XVII, España poseía el imperio más grande del mundo pero problemas internos y externos llevaron a su pérdida de hegemonía en Europa. Los problemas incluyeron la cesión del gobierno a validos, las pérdidas territoriales de Portugal, los Países Bajos y otras colonias, y las derrotas en guerras como la de los Treinta Años. El documento también describe las
Este documento resume los descubrimientos geográficos y el establecimiento del Imperio español en América. Explica los grandes viajes marítimos portugueses y los cuatro viajes de Cristóbal Colón, que llevaron al descubrimiento de América para Castilla. Detalla las conquistas de Hernán Cortés en México y Francisco Pizarro en Perú, y la organización del Imperio americano a través de virreinatos, audiencias y el Consejo de Indias. Finalmente, analiza la explotación de recursos y
The Authoritarian Monarchy of the Catholic Monarchs (1469-1517)papefons Fons
Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon married in 1469 without papal approval, uniting their royal houses but not their kingdoms. When Isabella's brother died, she became the leading claimant to the throne of Castile, sparking a civil war against her niece Joanna. Isabella and Ferdinand emerged victorious after 4 years of war, gaining recognition of their rule over Castile in the 1479 Treaty of Alcaçovas. As joint monarchs, they centralized power through administrative reforms while respecting the privileges of nobles. Their dynastic union established the basis for the future Spanish monarchy but did not immediately unify their separate kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.
The Catholic Kings Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon through marriage, creating a single Spanish state. They centralized power in the monarchy, established the Spanish Inquisition, and completed the Reconquista with the fall of Granada in 1492. That same year, Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas under Castilian sponsorship began the Spanish colonization of the New World. The Catholic Kings consolidated their rule through domestic and foreign policies that strengthened royal authority over nobles and achieved religious and territorial unity in Spain.
1) Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united their kingdoms through marriage in 1469, forming the basis for a unified Spanish state.
2) They pursued religious and political unity, expelling Jews in 1492, conquering Granada from the Moors, and incorporating Navarre and other territories.
3) Their expansion led to the colonization of the Americas beginning in 1492 with Columbus' voyage, while maintaining control in the Mediterranean through alliances and military campaigns.
The Catholic Monarchs: domestic and foreing policy.Alfonso Poza
The Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, united their kingdoms through marriage in 1469. They completed the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula with the conquest of Granada in 1492 and established the Spanish Inquisition to enforce religious unity. They also sponsored Christopher Columbus' expedition in 1492, establishing Spain's empire in the Americas.
The document provides biographical information about Queen Isabel I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who married and united the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon in 1469. It discusses their conquest of Granada in 1492 and breaking of promises to Muslims, leading to their forced conversion or exile. It also mentions the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition to enforce Catholic orthodoxy and expulsion of Jews from Spain.
SPANISH CATHOLIC MONARCHS: ISABELLA AND FERDINANDAlfonso Poza
The Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, united their kingdoms through marriage in 1469. Together they conquered the remaining Muslim kingdom of Granada in 1492, expelled Jews and Muslims from Spain, and established the Spanish Inquisition. They also sponsored Christopher Columbus' expedition in 1492, establishing Spain's empire in the Americas. Their cooperation established the foundations of modern Spain and a unified Spanish kingdom.
The 16th century: Charles I and Philip II's reignspapefons Fons
Charles I inherited a vast empire from his parents in the early 16th century, including territories in Spain, the Netherlands, and Austria. He faced revolts from the Comuneros in Castile and Germanias in Aragon due to his absentee rule from Spain and appointments of Flemish advisers. Charles defeated the revolts and consolidated his rule, focusing on expanding his empire through wars with France and defending Catholicism against the Protestant Reformation. He established new governing councils and professionalized the bureaucracy and military to administer his far-flung realms.
The 18th century: the first Bourbons and Enlightenmentpapefons Fons
The document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in Spain during the 18th century, a period defined by the establishment of the Bourbon dynasty and the influence of Enlightenment ideas. Key events included the War of Spanish Succession that resulted in Philip V becoming king, the centralization of power through absolutism and reforms, and Spain's involvement in international conflicts through alliances with France. The Bourbons suppressed regional autonomy outside of the Basque provinces and Navarre through the Nueva Planta decrees. The era saw the consolidation of an absolute monarchy, though Enlightenment thinking faced limitations from the Catholic Church.
Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire built a vast empire through inheritance. As king of Spain, he faced rebellions from nobles upset by his appointments of Flemish advisers. His empire included Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, and territories in Italy and the Americas. Charles fought wars against France to maintain control of European territories and against the Ottoman Empire along eastern borders. By 1556, he abdicated and divided his empire between his son Philip II and brother Ferdinand I.
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was fought over a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch. It resulted in Philip V remaining King of Spain but being removed from the French line of succession to prevent the unification. Spain lost most of its European territories. Under Philip V and later kings such as Charles III, Spain underwent reforms and centralization of government while struggling with the loss of its empire to other European powers like Britain.
Spain has been home to many different peoples and civilizations over hundreds of thousands of years. The earliest human remains in Spain date back 800,000 years ago. Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula between 218-19 BC and spread their culture and social structures. Muslims ruled Spain for over 700 years beginning in 711 AD, bringing economic and cultural development. In the 15th century, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united Spain and expelled the Muslims, establishing the Spanish Empire under the Hapsburg dynasty.
Resumen del siglo XVIII español para la asignatura de Ciencias sociales (4º de ESO). Las diapositivas están en inglés por ser material destinado a la sección bilingüe del I.E.S. Fray Pedro de Urbina
The document discusses the history of Spain during the Modern Age, beginning in 1580 under King Felipe II of the Habsburg dynasty. It describes how the Catholic Monarchs Isabel and Fernando unified the territories of Castile and Aragon in the late 15th century. Their grandson Carlos I expanded the empire through wars with France and the Ottoman Empire. Felipe II maintained Catholicism and fought conflicts against England, France, and a revolt in the Low Countries. The Spanish Empire began to decline in the 17th century under the later Habsburg kings Felipe III and Felipe IV as over-taxation sparked domestic revolts while wars drained the treasury.
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Spanish Empire between the 15th-18th centuries. It describes how the reconquest of Spain from the Moors was completed in 1492 under Isabella I and Ferdinand II, who expelled the Jews and Muslims. The Spanish Golden Age occurred in the 16th-17th centuries due to silver from Mexico, though inflation set in later. The Spanish Habsburg dynasty bankrupted Spain through wars. The Spanish Empire declined due to plague, rebellions, and the War of Spanish Succession that brought the Bourbon dynasty to the throne in the early 18th century.
The document discusses the modern age in Spain from 1580-1700. It summarizes the reigns of several Spanish monarchs during this period including Charles I, Philip II, Philip III, Philip IV, and Charles II. Key events included the territorial unification of Spain, wars with France and the Ottoman Empire, the Spanish Armada against England, revolts in the Low Countries and Portugal, and the gradual decline of the Habsburg dynasty's control over its vast empire in this period.
Unit 5 - The Iberian peninsula between the 13th and 15th centuriesRocío G.
The document summarizes the evolution of the Iberian Peninsula between the 13th-15th centuries, focusing on the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. It describes how Castile expanded southward and became the most powerful Christian kingdom through conquests under kings like Alfonso VI and Fernando III. It established the Crown of Castile and continued the Reconquista. Meanwhile, Aragon grew through dynastic unions and conquests under kings like Jaime I, gaining territory in the Mediterranean. In 1479, the Catholic Monarchs Isabel of Castile and Fernando of Aragon married, uniting the kingdoms and completing the Reconquista by 1492.
Created by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of History and Geography in a bilingual section in Madrid. learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile were the joint Catholic Monarchs who unified Spain in the late 15th century. They reconquered the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors with the fall of Granada in 1492. As rulers, they established the Spanish Inquisition to maintain Catholic orthodoxy and created the Holy Brotherhood as a national police force with broad powers of enforcement.
1) In the late 15th century, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile unified Spain through marriage, establishing rule as the "Catholic Monarchs."
2) Under their rule, Spain reconquered territory from the Moors, expelled Jews and Muslims, and financed Christopher Columbus' voyage, establishing Spain as the first global empire.
3) Spanish conquistadors then conquered the Aztec, Inca, and Maya civilizations in the Americas, claiming large territories and importing diseases that devastated indigenous populations. The influx of silver from the Americas funded Spain's powerful military.
The document provides a timeline and overview of the reign of Queen Isabel I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon from 1469-1516. It discusses their dynastic union through marriage in 1469, which united Castile and Aragon. It then covers their territorial expansion through conquests and marriages, building of an authoritarian monarchy through centralizing power and imposing religious uniformity, and changes to the economic and social organization of their kingdoms. Key events included the conquest of Granada in 1492, the expulsion of Jews, discovery of America that same year, and establishment of the Spanish Inquisition.
Similar to The Catholic Monarchs' authoritarian monarchy (20)
Orígenes del cómic: EEUU y el cómic europeo de línea clarapapefons Fons
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El jazz surgió a finales del siglo XIX de la mezcla de las canciones y ritmos de los esclavos africanos con la música popular y clásica estadounidense. En Nueva Orleans a finales del siglo XIX se formaron las primeras bandas de jazz y surgieron estilos como el Nueva Orleans y el Dixieland. En las décadas siguientes el jazz evolucionó hacia estilos como el swing, el bebop y el cool jazz, y en la actualidad incluye fusiones con otros géneros.
El cine de los totalitarismos: Eisenstein y Riefenstahlpapefons Fons
Eisenstein y Riefenstahl utilizaron el cine como herramienta de propaganda política durante las dictaduras totalitarias en Rusia y Alemania. Eisenstein creó películas revolucionarias que promovían el mensaje bolchevique a través de innovadoras técnicas de montaje. Riefenstahl dirigió documentales que glorificaron al nazismo y exaltaron la ideología racial aria a través de impresionantes tomas de masas. Ambos cineastas tuvieron una gran influencia pero también fueron criticados por su estrecha relación
El cine de EEUU en el periodo de entreguerras y la 2ª Guerra Mundialpapefons Fons
Durante los años de entreguerras, la industria cinematográfica estadounidense alcanzó su máximo esplendor gracias al sistema de estudios. Se popularizaron las grandes estrellas y los géneros como el western, la comedia y el cine de gánsters. Directores europeos como Lubitsch, Murnau y Von Sternberg realizaron importantes obras. La llegada del cine sonoro impulsó nuevos géneros como la comedia musical y consolidó a Capra como principal exponente de la comedia optimista estadounidense.
La moda de Elsa Schiaparelli y Coco Chanelpapefons Fons
Este documento describe la moda de los años 1920-1930 y las principales diseñadoras Elsa Schiaparelli y Coco Chanel. Schiaparelli creó diseños surrealistas en colaboración con artistas como Dalí, mientras que Chanel revolucionó la moda con su estilo informal y cómodo que liberó el cuerpo femenino de corsés y adornos. Ambas tuvieron una gran influencia en la moda de la época.
El documento resume la Prehistoria desde la aparición de los primeros homínidos hace 2.5 millones de años hasta la aparición de la escritura hace 5,500 años. La Prehistoria se divide en Edad de Piedra y Edad de los Metales. Durante la Edad de Piedra, los instrumentos se hacían de piedra tallada o pulida, mientras que los homínidos y primeros humanos cazaban y recolectaban para subsistir.
La Bauhaus surgió en Alemania en 1919 como una escuela de arte y diseño industrial fundada por Walter Gropius. Tuvo tres etapas: en Weimar se enfocó en la experimentación artística bajo la influencia del expresionismo; en Dessau adoptó un enfoque más racional y funcional con la construcción de su nueva sede diseñada por Gropius; y en Berlín enfrentó la oposición nazi que forzó su cierre en 1933. La Bauhaus tuvo un gran impacto al promover la fusión de las artes y la ind
Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de climas que existen en el mundo y sus características. Se dividen en climas cálidos, que incluyen el clima ecuatorial, tropical y desértico; climas templados como el oceánico, mediterráneo y continental; y climas fríos como el polar y de alta montaña. Para cada clima se detallan las temperaturas, precipitaciones, vegetación, ríos y población típicos. Finalmente, se describen brevemente los climas que se dan en España.
- El documento trata sobre el cine expresionista alemán, un estilo que deforma la realidad para expresar estados de ánimo como el miedo y la angustia.
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El cine cómico de EEUU: Chaplin y Lubitschpapefons Fons
El documento resume la historia del cine cómico estadounidense en la época muda a través de las figuras de Charles Chaplin, Harold Lloyd y Buster Keaton. Chaplin se convirtió en la estrella más popular gracias a su personaje de Charlot, desarrollado en las películas de Keystone Studios. Más tarde fundó su propio estudio y creó obras maestras como El chico y Tiempos modernos. Harold Lloyd también alcanzó gran éxito con sus películas de acrobacias y Buster Keaton se destacó por su estilo ser
El cine clásico de EEUU: las primeras décadas del S.XXpapefons Fons
Las primeras dos décadas del siglo XX vieron el surgimiento del cine clásico de Hollywood. Estudios como Paramount, Universal y Warner Bros. se establecieron y desarrollaron un sistema de producción industrial. Directores como D.W. Griffith ayudaron a establecer las convenciones narrativas del cine clásico, mientras que estrellas como Mary Pickford atrajeron audiencias en todo el mundo. Además, géneros como el western y la comedia slapstick de Mack Sennett florecieron durante esta era dorada del cine estadounidense.
Los Ballets Rusos de Serguei Diaghilev y Vaslav Nijinskypapefons Fons
Los famosos Ballets Rusos de Serguéi Diaghilev revolucionaron el mundo del ballet a principios del siglo XX. Diaghilev descubrió y promovió el talento de muchos coreógrafos, bailarines y compositores rusos. Sus producciones vanguardistas y colaboraciones con artistas europeos como Picasso causaron sensación en París y el resto de Europa.
El documento resume la influencia del psicoanálisis de Sigmund Freud en el surrealismo. Explica las principales teorías de Freud como el inconsciente, la interpretación de los sueños y la estructura del yo, el ello y el superyo. Los surrealistas se inspiraron en estas ideas para crear obras basadas en el automatismo y la libre asociación de ideas que intentaban expresar la realidad interior del ser humano. El surrealismo se desarrolló entre las vanguardias de entreguerras e incluyó pintura, escultura y fotografía
La abstracción: Kandinsky, Moore, Pevsner y Gabopapefons Fons
El documento resume las contribuciones de los artistas Wassily Kandinsky, Henry Moore, Naum Gabo y Anton Pevsner al desarrollo del arte abstracto entre 1910-1917. Kandinsky fue uno de los pioneros del arte abstracto y desarrolló la abstracción lírica. Moore fue un importante escultor británico conocido por su abstracción biomórfica. Gabo fue uno de los principales representantes del constructivismo y exploró el uso de nuevos materiales y el movimiento en la escultura.
Este documento resume varios movimientos artísticos vanguardistas como el futurismo, dadaísmo, pintura metafísica, abstracción y suprematismo. El futurismo surgió en Italia en 1909 y exaltaba la modernidad y la tecnología a través del simultaneísmo. El dadaísmo surgió durante la Primera Guerra Mundial en Zúrich y se caracterizó por su carácter antiarte y absurdo. La pintura metafísica de Giorgio de Chirico presentaba escenas oníricas. El suprematismo
Este documento resume la vida y obra del pintor Pablo Picasso. Comenzó a mostrar talento artístico desde una edad temprana y dominó rápidamente diferentes técnicas pictóricas. En París, desarrolló el cubismo junto a Georges Braque, rompiendo con la perspectiva tradicional. Más tarde, exploró estilos como el surrealismo y el clasicismo. Su obra maestra Guernica captura el horror de la guerra civil española. Picasso fue un innovador constante que transformó para siempre el arte del siglo XX.
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How to Install Theme in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
With Odoo, we can select from a wide selection of attractive themes. Many excellent ones are free to use, while some require payment. Putting an Odoo theme in the Odoo module directory on our server, downloading the theme, and then installing it is a simple process.
Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
(T.L.E.) Agriculture: Essentials of GardeningMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏.𝟎)-𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐬
Lesson Outcome:
-Students will understand the basics of gardening, including the importance of soil, water, and sunlight for plant growth. They will learn to identify and use essential gardening tools, plant seeds, and seedlings properly, and manage common garden pests using eco-friendly methods.
Delegation Inheritance in Odoo 17 and Its Use CasesCeline George
There are 3 types of inheritance in odoo Classical, Extension, and Delegation. Delegation inheritance is used to sink other models to our custom model. And there is no change in the views. This slide will discuss delegation inheritance and its use cases in odoo 17.
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Ardra Nakshatra (आर्द्रा): Understanding its Effects and RemediesAstro Pathshala
Ardra Nakshatra, the sixth Nakshatra in Vedic astrology, spans from 6°40' to 20° in the Gemini zodiac sign. Governed by Rahu, the north lunar node, Ardra translates to "the moist one" or "the star of sorrow." Symbolized by a teardrop, it represents the transformational power of storms, bringing both destruction and renewal.
About Astro Pathshala
Astro Pathshala is a renowned astrology institute offering comprehensive astrology courses and personalized astrological consultations for over 20 years. Founded by Gurudev Sunil Vashist ji, Astro Pathshala has been a beacon of knowledge and guidance in the field of Vedic astrology. With a team of experienced astrologers, the institute provides in-depth courses that cover various aspects of astrology, including Nakshatras, planetary influences, and remedies. Whether you are a beginner seeking to learn astrology or someone looking for expert astrological advice, Astro Pathshala is dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges and unlock your full potential through the ancient wisdom of Vedic astrology.
For more information about their courses and consultations, visit Astro Pathshala.
Lecture_Notes_Unit4_Chapter_8_9_10_RDBMS for the students affiliated by alaga...Murugan Solaiyappan
Title: Relational Database Management System Concepts(RDBMS)
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : DATA INTEGRITY, CREATING AND MAINTAINING A TABLE AND INDEX
Sub-Topic :
Data Integrity,Types of Integrity, Integrity Constraints, Primary Key, Foreign key, unique key, self referential integrity,
creating and maintain a table, Modifying a table, alter a table, Deleting a table
Create an Index, Alter Index, Drop Index, Function based index, obtaining information about index, Difference between ROWID and ROWNUM
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Feedback and Contact Information:
Your feedback is valuable! For any queries or suggestions, please contact muruganjit@agacollege.in
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
Slide Presentation from a Doctoral Virtual Open House presented on June 30, 2024 by staff and faculty of Capitol Technology University
Covers degrees offered, program details, tuition, financial aid and the application process.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
2. Isabellala of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragón were members of the same family, the
Trastámara, ruling dynasty in Castile and Aragón since the beginning of the 15th
century.
3. CROWN OF ARAGON
John II of Aragon
and Navarre
Ferdinand of Aragón, future
Ferdinand the Catholic
Blanca II
Leonor I,
queens of Navarre
4. Joanna of Castile (La Beltraneja)
Enrique IV (The Impotent) Alphonse of Trastámara
Isabella of Castile
John II of Castile
CROWN OF CASTILE
5. CIVIL WAR IN CASTILE
When king Enrique IV died, the partisans of his sister Isabella started a war
against the partisans of his daughter Joanna.
Joanna was supported by
PORTUGAL, due to her
marriage to king Alphonse V
the African
Isabella was supported by
ARAGON, due to her marriage
to Ferdinand, heir of the Crown
Of Aragon
6. The war finished with the signature
of the TREATY OF ALCÁÇOVAS:
-Isabella would be the queen of
Castile.
-Portugal got the control of the
exploration of the African coasts
of the Atlantic Ocean and Castile’s
sovereignty over the Canary Islands
was recognized.
- Joanna the Beltraneja could choose
between marrying Prince John,
Isabella and Ferdinand’s son, one
year old, or entering a convent. She
chose the second option.
7. FERDINAND
OF ARAGON,
King of Aragón between
1479 and 1516
ISABELLA OF
CASTILE, queen
of Castile between
1479 and 1504
MOTTO: TANTO MONTA, MONTA TANTO, ISABELLA OR FERDINAND.
DYNASTIC UNION, NOT TERRITORIAL UNION.
But only Ferdinand used his power to rule in Castile. Isabella never showed interest
in Aragón’s affairs, because Castile was bigger and richer than Aragón and women
couldn’t rule there.
9. REFORMS MADE BY THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS TO REINFORCE THEIR AUTHORITY
In Castile:
-They punished the nobles who hadn’t supported
Isabella in the civil war and confirmed the power
of the privileged who had supported them
-They didn´t call the Cortes to avoid receiving
petitions from the most important people of their
kingdoms.
-They created the Royal Treasury to make the tax
collection more efficient.
-They created the Holy Brotherhood (Santa
Hermandad), a rural militia or police, to fight
against bandits and keep public order in the
countryside.
-They created the Royal Courts of Justice (Reales
Audiencias), the highest courts to have the last
word in the most important affairs of the
kingdom.
-They created the post of corregidor, a
representative of the kings in every municipality
of the kingdom.
Member of the Holy Brotherhood in his
greensleeves uniform, which gave origin to
the Castilian expression “A buenas horas,
mangas verdes”
10. In Aragón, they had more
difficulties to impose their
authority, because the power of
the king was smaller. They
created the post of viceroy, a
representative of the king in the
different kingdoms of the Crown.
Later viceroys were also
appointed in the Indies. They
also established the election of
the municipal posts through a
lottery.
Alphonse of Aragón,
Ferdinand II’s bastard son,
appointed 1st
viceroy of
Aragón by his father
Sack and balls used to draw the
names of the candidates to public
posts.The papers with the names
were introduced on the holes of the
balls
11. In addition to the reforms in their kingdoms,
they created:
-several specialized councils to give them
advice in complicated affairs: Council of Castile
(the most important one), Council of Aragón,
Council of Navarre, Council of the Indies,
Council of the Inquisition and Council of the
Military Orders. The high nobility was moved
away from the councils and replaced by a
professional bureaucracy, formed by expert
lawyers and members of the low nobility.
-A permanent and professional army, so that
they didn´t have to depend on the nobles´
armies. T
-A diplomatic corps, with a network of
ambassadors in the most important European
courts, in order to defend their interests
abroad.
Consultative councils: Castile, Aragón, Indies, Military
Orders, Inquisition and Navarre (created after the
conquest of this kingdom)
12. In Castile stockbreeding
continued to be the main
economic activity. There were big
herds of Merino sheep owned by
nobles and the Mesta continued
to be a powerful organization that
defended their interests. The
wool was exported to Flanders
and England and the Catholic
Monarchs protected
stockbreeding to the detriment of
agriculture.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
13. The impact of the 14th
century crisis had been
stronger in Aragón. King Ferdinand made some
decisions in order to try to revitalize economy:
- Laws to favour trade, navigation and the
Catalan craftsmanship. High tariffs were
established to protect and stimulate local
production.
- End of the conflict of the pagesos de
remensa: the Catalan farmers had revolted
against the abuses of the owners of the
lands they worked. King Ferdinand ended
up this conflict with the Arbitral Sentence
of Guadalupe (Sentencia Arbitral de
Guadalupe): the bad customs (malos usos)
were abolished, the Catalan farmers were
declared free, but they had to pay an
economic compensation to the nobles and
the king for all the disturbances and
damages caused.
Despite these decisions, the Aragonese economy
didn´t recover medieval splendour.
Arbitral Sentence of Guadalupe
14. RELIGIOUS POLICY
Isabella and Ferdinand wanted all the
citizens of their kingdoms to be
Catholics. They followed a religious
uniformity policy:
- In 1492 they decreed the expulsion
of all the Jews of their kingdoms.
All Jews had to convert to
Christianity or leave. Around 80,000
Jews left the kingdoms (Sephardi
Jews).
- In 1499 they obliged all the
Muslims that still lived in their
kingdoms to get baptized. This is
the origin of the Moorish.
Forced baptisms in Granada
15. They also reinforced the
Supreme Court of the Holy
Inquisition to chase and punish
all those suspected of heresy.
The Dominican monk Tomás de
Torquemada was appointed as
Grand Inquisitor and repression
started. During the Catholic
Monarchs’ reign 2,000 people
were burnt at the stake and
around 14,000 were judged and
punished in public autos-da-fe.
This was a very dark period in
the story of religious
persecutions
Auto da fe, by Pedro Berruguete
Torquemada, Grand
Inquisitor
17. CONQUEST OF GRANADA
After a 10-year military campaign they occupied the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and they
ended up with more than eight centuries of Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula.
Granada became part of Castile.
18. They also financed the expedition of Christopher Columbus to the Indies. All
the territories “discovered” by Christopher Columbus were annexed to the
Crown of Castile.
19. In 1494, the Catholic Monarchs
and the king of Portugal signed
the Treaty of Tordesillas, under
the arbitration of the Pope
Alexander VI: the treaty divided
the world into two areas of
influence, drawing an imaginary
line 370 leagues to the West of
Cape Verde Islands: the territories
located to the East of this line
would belong to Portugal and the
territories located to the West of
this line would belong to Castile.
The Crown of Aragón was
excluded from the wealth and
businesses related to the Indies
(America).
20. FOREIGN POLICY
King Ferdinand was personally in charge of foreign policy:
- Following the model of the Aragonese consulates, they decided to create embassies in
the most important kingdoms in Europe to defend the interests of the Hispanic Monarchy.
- Their main goal was to isolate France, the traditional enemy of the Crown of Aragón. To
reach this goal, they used their five children to sign alliances with France’s most important
enemies
21. JOANNA CATHERINEISABELLA
JOHNMARY
ALLIANCE
WITH PORTUGAL
ALLIANCE
WITH AUSTRIA
ALLIANCE
WITH ENGLAND
MARRIAGE ALLIANCES
The Catholic Monarchs used their five children to sign alliances against France’s enemies. In
several cases, they married their children twice to keep the alliances:
-Isabella, the first born, was married to Alphonse, Portugal’s heir, but when he died, she
married Manuel the Fortunate, the king of Portugal. When Isabella died in 1498, her sister
Mary married King Manuel. This way they kept the alliance with Portugal.
-John married Margaret of Austria and Joanna married Philip of Burgundy. Margaret and
Philip were the children of Emperor Maximilian of Austria and Mary of Burgundy. This double
marriage assured the alliance with the Holy Roman Empire.
-Catherine, the youngest child, married Arthur of England, Prince of Wales. When he died, she
married Arthur’s brother, Henry, future Henry VIII. This way, the alliance with England was
kept.
23. SUCCESSION
Queen Isabella the Catholic dictating her Will,
Eduardo Rosales, 1864
Philip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad
Joanna the Mad, by Francisco Pradilla, 1867
Her husband’s corpse transport from Burgos to Granada
lasted for eight months.
When Queen Isabella died in 1504, the heiress of
Castile was her daughter Joanna the Mad, married to
Philip the Handsome. As Joanna was unstable and
not able to rule (Joanna the Mad), her husband was
in charge of the government of Castile. Ferdinand
continued to be the king of Aragón.
When Philip the Handsome died in 1506, King
Ferdinand became regent of Castile, Joanna was
confined in Tordesillas.
24. King Ferdinand had married Germaine of
Foix in 1505 with the intention of having a
child who could inherit his reign, because
women couldn’t rule in Aragón. Germaine
of Foix gave birth to a child, but he died
hours later and Charles, Joanna and
Philip’s son, was the only heir. Ferdinand
II acted as regent of Castile until his death
in 1516.
Germaine de Foix married
Ferdinand II when she was 17,
while her husband was 53.
Their child John didn’t survive
25. When Ferdinand II died in January 1516,
Joanna was the legitimate heiress. Ferdinand
II’s testament also designated his grandson
Charles as general governor and the regents
until his arrival: Cardinal Cisneros in Castile and
archbishop Alphonse of Aragón.
In Castile, there were intrigues to replace
Charles for his brother Ferdinand, educated in
the Peninsula by his grandfather Ferdinand II,
but Charles proclaimed himself king in Brussels
one week after his grandfather’s death,
ignoring his mother’s right to the throne. The
different parts of the monarchy accepted this
fact (although in Aragón they conditioned
Charles’ acceptance to the oath of their fueros
in the Cortes). Cisneros was regent until his
death in Roa (Burgos) in November 1517,
when he was on his way to meet Charles.
Cardinal Cisneros,
regent of Castile
between 1516-1517
Infant Ferdinand,
Charles’ brother, and
future emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire
Charles I
26. BLUE: CASTILE (including
the Canary Islands antd
the Indies)
ORANGE: ARAGON
GREEN: HOUSE OF
AUSTRIA (HABSBURG
TERRITORIES)
PURPLE: BURGUNDY
CHARLES I´S HERITAGE