The Economics of a Soda Tax

The document describes observations made in a preschool classroom, noting there was one table for snack time, two tables for play doh play, and some children playing outside, with about 12 children and 4 teachers where each teacher supervised a group of 3-4 children. The classroom had different activity areas and the teachers closely supervised small groups of children.

This document discusses various policies and campaigns aimed at promoting healthier food choices and combating obesity. It discusses New York City laws requiring calorie counts on menus and limiting soda portion sizes. It also examines criticisms of these policies for focusing too much on individual choices rather than broader societal factors influencing obesity rates. Studies on the effectiveness of these campaigns produced mixed results, with some improved awareness but little change in behaviors.

To combat a growing obesity problem, Mexico imposed a nationwide tax on drinks with added sugar, popularly referred to as a “soda tax,” effective January 2014. I analyze data on taxed and untaxed products collected as part of Mexico’s Consumer Price Index program to estimate how prices responded to the tax. Prices of regular sodas jumped by more than the amount of the tax in the month that the tax took effect.

PSAD 414 – Group Project Ethical Implications of Social Media Use in Public Safety Group Epsilon Group Epsilon Introduction/Topic Overview 2 Slides 2 Slides 2 Slides 2 Slides 2 Slides References 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Group Epsilon INTRODUCTION 3 Group Epsilon 4 Group Epsilon 5 Group Epsilon 6 Group Epsilon 7 Group Epsilon 8 Group Epsilon 9 Group Epsilon 10 Group Epsilon 11 Group Epsilon 12 REFERENCES Group Epsilon Discussion 1 responses needed Marginal Rate of Substitution What is the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) and why does it diminish as the consumer substitutes one product for another? Use examples to illustrate. Guided Response: In 300 words or more, please, provide your response to the above discussion question. Find two goods from your own consumption basket and explain how the MRS changes for the two products as you substitute one for the other. Respond substantively (150 words) to at least two of your classmates’ postings. Substantive responses use theory, research, and experience or examples to support ideas and further the class knowledge on the discussion topic. Respond to Stephen Ghosal post What is the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) and why does it diminish as the consumer substitutes one product for another? Use examples to illustrate. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is defined as the amount of one product a consumer is willing to give up for one more unit of a different product, while still remaining at the same utility level (Douglas, 2012).  As a consumer decides between the consumption between two products, the decision the consumer makes effects both products in different ways.  The reason the marginal rate of substitution begins to diminish once the consumer substitutes one product for another is because the marginal utility is affected by the substitution process (Douglas, 2012).  The marginal utility is defined as the change in total utility due to the consumption of one more unit of that product, holding constant the consumption of the other product (Douglas, 2012).  Since one product is being utilized more, then the other product is being used less at that expense.  An example of marginal rate of substitution is a consumer choosing between different restaurants that have differing atmospheres and cuisines, but still have the same cost. When you rate these different restaurants by the different atmospheres and by the level of the cuisine, and create a ratio out of the two numbers, this will give the consumer a better idea of which restaurant their time and money should be spent at, even though they enjoy having dinner at all the different options. This showcases marginal rate of substitution because the consumer is giving up the amount of time and money they spend at one restaurant, to spend at another restaurant that they enjoy more, at the same utility level.  If the situation had been either choos ...

The carbon price is expected to cause a 0.6% increase in the cost of living in 2012-13, or around 60 cents for every $100 spent. This impact is smaller than previous economic reforms like the GST and spikes in global oil prices. The average household will see weekly expenses rise by $9.10 before receiving government assistance. Assistance measures will offset costs for many households, with some groups like low-income families expected to be better off. The carbon price provides incentives for businesses to cut emissions and invest in cleaner technologies.

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